- •Part I: Shaft Sinking and Drifting
- •1.1. Remember the following words.
- •1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
- •1.7. Answer the following questions.
- •1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
- •1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •2.2. Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.
- •2.3. Find pairs of antonyms.
- •2.4. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
- •2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
- •2.13 Read and memorize the words.
- •2.15. Analyze and translate the derivatives.
- •2.16. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.17. Translate into English.
- •2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
- •3.1. Read and memorize the words.
- •Explosives. Historical Note
- •3.7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3.8. Read and memorize the words.
- •3.9. Read the text “Commercial Explosives” and answer the following questions.
- •Commercial Explosives
- •3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
- •3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •Part II: Tunneling
- •1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •1.2. Read and recognize the following international words.
- •1.3. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •1.4. Read the text “Tunnel Basic” and answer the following questions.
- •Tunnel Basic
- •1.5 Look at Figure II and try to speak about forces interacting to produce equilibrium on a tunnel.
- •1.6 Look through the text once again, find sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
- •1.7. Read the text “Major Types of Tunnels” and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Major Types of Tunnels
- •1.8. Look through the text once again and complete the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Types of tunnels
- •1.9. Match English and Russian phrases. Write down your answers.
- •From the history of tunneling
- •Milestones in the history of tunneling
- •1.14. Summarize the text given above using expressions (page 67).
- •1.15. Study the text “Tools and Techniques” and complete the table.
- •Tools and Techniques
- •1.16. Are the following statements false or true? Write down your answers.
- •1.17. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down your answers.
- •Holland Tunnel
- •Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower Underground Canal
- •Thames Tunnel
- •2.1. Read and try to memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •2.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2.3. Study the text “Tunnel Planning”. Try to understand as much information as you can. Tunnel Planning
- •2.4. Change the form of the word so that it could be filled in the blank space in the sentence.
- •2.5. Write a short summary of the text you have read using the following as a plan.
- •2.6. Discuss with your group-mates the process of a tunnel planning. The following phrases will help you.
- •2.7. Before reading the text “Types of Tunnels and Construction Methods” study the table and say what construction methods are used in each of the three environments. Make use of the Model.
- •Drilling and blasting (d&b) method
- •Natm New Austrian Tunneling Method (natm)
- •2.13. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Tunnel Boring Machine (tbm) method
- •2.14. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.15. Match the words in a with their antonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.16. Click here to watch the video how tbm works in hard rock:
- •What is trenchless technology?
- •2.18. Skim the text once again and fill in the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates.
- •2.19. Click here to watch the video about how trenchless piper replacement technology works.
- •2.20. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Shallow-buried Tunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel
- •2.21. Read and summarize the text “Underwater Tunnel” using expressions (page 67). Underwater Tunnel
- •Immersed-tube method
- •2.22. Look through the text once again and find sentences with Participle I and Participle II. Translate these sentences.
- •2.23. Look at the picture, think and organize the procedure of underwater tunnel construction in order.
- •3.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •3.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •3.3. Read the text “Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana” and complite the table under it. Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana
- •Tunnels Construction
- •3D model of the Tunnel system1
- •Severomuysky Tunnel
- •3.8. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •3.9. Read the text “Gotthard Base Tunnel” and give its summary using expressions (page 67). Gotthard Base Tunnel (gbt)
- •3.9. Read the text “Miracle under the Alps” and write down the most interesting facts for you. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Miracle under the Alps
- •3.9. Click here to watch photos from the construction site of the gbt.
- •3.10. Click here to watch video about the gbt. Speak about your impression about this project.
- •4.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •4.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •4.3. Translate the text “The future of tunnels” in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 25 minutes. The future of tunnels
- •Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
- •4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
- •4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
1.7. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the first mining workings (выработка)?
2. What was their depth?
3. What tools did men use in primitive mining?
4. Why did mining advance slowly?
5. When did mining profession appear?
1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
1. Ore 2. Vein 3. Exploration 4 Mining 5. Prospecting |
1. A mineralized zone having a more or less regular development in length, width, and depth to give it a tabular form and commonly inclined at a considerable angle to the horizontal.
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2. A mineral deposit that can be worked at a profit under the existing economic conditions.
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3. Searching for ore.
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4. The work involved in gaining a knowledge of the size, shape, position and value of an ore body.
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5. The process of obtaining useful minerals from the earth’s crust which includes both underground excavations and surface workings.
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1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
It is important to say that …
It should be stressed that …
As a matter of fact …
In my opinion …
In other words …
I’d like to say a few words about …
Broadly speaking ...
1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
A. Do you know what the origin of the word “mine” is?
B. Sorry, I don’t.
A. Well then, I once happened to read an old book about ancient times and found out that the word “mine” dates back to the 5th century B.C. In Greece of that time it meant a certain sum of money, and in Rome it was a silver coin of a fixed value. In India and Egypt about 300 years B.C. “mine” also meant money. From the origin of the word one may follow the development of its modern meaning, namely, “a pit for working out some valuable mineral for the benefit of men”. Sure, there is romance in it.
B. I am quite satisfied with your information and in my turn I would like to ask you some questions. How would you translate such an expression used in modern speech: “The novelist has written a little gold mine”?
A. Oh, here it appears to have a figurative meaning, as something exceptionally good.
B. I can tell you another interesting expression: “This man is a mine of knowledge”. Try to find a good Russian translation of these two expressions.
A. I see you are trying to spring a mine on me, but never mind, I’ll find the best possible translation of your expressions.
Unit 2.
2.1. Read and memorize the words.
bore |
v |
бурить; syn drill |
cage |
n |
клеть |
current |
n |
поток, ток |
development |
n |
изобретение, развитие, подготовительные работы |
enterprise |
n |
предприятие |
house |
v |
вмещать; (they house … – по ним проходят …) |
medium |
n |
среда; а средний |
opening |
n |
входная выработка; syn. entrance |
power |
n |
энергия; v приводить в движение |
roadway |
n |
штрек, отделение (ствола) |
seam |
n |
пласт |
siting |
n |
определение места (для строительства) |
surface |
n |
поверхность |
win (won) |
v |
добывать |
wind (wound) |
v |
поднимать; syn. hoist (груз) |