- •Part I: Shaft Sinking and Drifting
- •1.1. Remember the following words.
- •1.6. Translate paragraph 5 and 6 from the text above in writing using a dictionary.
- •1.7. Answer the following questions.
- •1.8. Match the terms and their definitions.
- •1.9. Give a short summary of the text using the following phrases:
- •1.10. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •2.2. Find in the text given below English equivalents to the Russian phrases.
- •2.3. Find pairs of antonyms.
- •2.4. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
- •2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
- •2.13 Read and memorize the words.
- •2.15. Analyze and translate the derivatives.
- •2.16. Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
- •2.17. Translate into English.
- •2.18. Translate in writing 1 and 2 from the text given above.
- •3.1. Read and memorize the words.
- •Explosives. Historical Note
- •3.7. Answer the questions to the text.
- •3.8. Read and memorize the words.
- •3.9. Read the text “Commercial Explosives” and answer the following questions.
- •Commercial Explosives
- •3.10. Translate in writing the text given below. If necessary use a dictionary. Storing and Handling Explosives
- •3.11. Reproduce the dialogue.
- •Part II: Tunneling
- •1.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •1.2. Read and recognize the following international words.
- •1.3. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •1.4. Read the text “Tunnel Basic” and answer the following questions.
- •Tunnel Basic
- •1.5 Look at Figure II and try to speak about forces interacting to produce equilibrium on a tunnel.
- •1.6 Look through the text once again, find sentences with the Infinitive and translate them.
- •1.7. Read the text “Major Types of Tunnels” and find the answers to the following questions.
- •Major Types of Tunnels
- •1.8. Look through the text once again and complete the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Types of tunnels
- •1.9. Match English and Russian phrases. Write down your answers.
- •From the history of tunneling
- •Milestones in the history of tunneling
- •1.14. Summarize the text given above using expressions (page 67).
- •1.15. Study the text “Tools and Techniques” and complete the table.
- •Tools and Techniques
- •1.16. Are the following statements false or true? Write down your answers.
- •1.17. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down your answers.
- •Holland Tunnel
- •Inside a Holland Tunnel ventilation tower Underground Canal
- •Thames Tunnel
- •2.1. Read and try to memorize the words and word-combinations.
- •2.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •2.3. Study the text “Tunnel Planning”. Try to understand as much information as you can. Tunnel Planning
- •2.4. Change the form of the word so that it could be filled in the blank space in the sentence.
- •2.5. Write a short summary of the text you have read using the following as a plan.
- •2.6. Discuss with your group-mates the process of a tunnel planning. The following phrases will help you.
- •2.7. Before reading the text “Types of Tunnels and Construction Methods” study the table and say what construction methods are used in each of the three environments. Make use of the Model.
- •Drilling and blasting (d&b) method
- •Natm New Austrian Tunneling Method (natm)
- •2.13. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Tunnel Boring Machine (tbm) method
- •2.14. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.15. Match the words in a with their antonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •2.16. Click here to watch the video how tbm works in hard rock:
- •What is trenchless technology?
- •2.18. Skim the text once again and fill in the table. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates.
- •2.19. Click here to watch the video about how trenchless piper replacement technology works.
- •2.20. Translate the following text in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 15 minutes. Shallow-buried Tunnel or Soft Soil Tunnel
- •2.21. Read and summarize the text “Underwater Tunnel” using expressions (page 67). Underwater Tunnel
- •Immersed-tube method
- •2.22. Look through the text once again and find sentences with Participle I and Participle II. Translate these sentences.
- •2.23. Look at the picture, think and organize the procedure of underwater tunnel construction in order.
- •3.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •3.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •3.3. Read the text “Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana” and complite the table under it. Tunnel Construction along the Road Adler – Krasnaya Polyana
- •Tunnels Construction
- •3D model of the Tunnel system1
- •Severomuysky Tunnel
- •3.8. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b. Write down the answers.
- •3.9. Read the text “Gotthard Base Tunnel” and give its summary using expressions (page 67). Gotthard Base Tunnel (gbt)
- •3.9. Read the text “Miracle under the Alps” and write down the most interesting facts for you. Discuss the results you have obtained with your group-mates. Miracle under the Alps
- •3.9. Click here to watch photos from the construction site of the gbt.
- •3.10. Click here to watch video about the gbt. Speak about your impression about this project.
- •4.1. Read and try to memorize the words.
- •4.2. Read and translate the following word combinations.
- •4.3. Translate the text “The future of tunnels” in written form with a dictionary. Try to manage within 25 minutes. The future of tunnels
- •Tunnel planned between Russia and usa
- •4.8. Look at the picture and render suggested information from Russian into English.
- •4.9. Click here to watch the video about tbMs which will be able to construct a tunnel under the Bering Strait:
2.10 Read and choose the proper title to the text given below.
1. Circular Shafts
2. Rectangular Shafts
3. Elliptical Shafts
4. Shape of Shafts
Shafts are necessary in mining enterprises where the mineral to be excavated is at some distance below the surface of the earth. Through them men and minerals are wound in cages or skips to the surface and the materials taken underground. They house water pipes, power supply pipes and cables. Shafts are also the medium through which the ventilating current enters and leaves the mine.
The shape of shafts. The most common shapes of shafts are: circular, rectangular and elliptical.
Circular shafts are most commonly used in coal mining. A circular shaft is desirable, especially at depth, as is best able to resist heavy side pressures. It is best suited to sinking under difficult conditions, being comparatively cheap in maintenance. It can be sunk quicker than a rectangular shaft of the same cross-sectional area, and requires less holes to be drilled per round. On the other hand, it is not so conveniently divided into compartments as a rectangular shaft.
Rectangular shafts are used extensively in metalliferous mining practice and were formerly used at coal mines. Timber lining is used in them and they can be divided into compartments with great economy in space. In practice the number of compartments varies up to a maximum of eight.
Elliptical shafts combine the advantages of both rectangular and circular shafts, namely, to obtain a strong, durable and economical section and, at the same time, to make maximum use of the available space. An elliptical shaft can have a concrete lining. The size of the shaft depends on the desired output from the mine and the type of winding.
2.11 Complete the sentences with some suitable parts.
1. Circular shafts are mostly used in … .
a) coal mining, b) metalliferous mining, c) both coal and metalliferous mining.
2. An elliptical shaft can have a … .
a) concrete lining b) timber lining c) brick and masonry lining
3. The number of compartments varies up to a maximum of … .
a) eight b) ten c) two
2.12 Match the terms and their definitions.
1. Shaft 2. Drift 3. Development 4. Exploitation
|
1. A vertical or inclined excavation in a mine extending downward from the surface as a principal opening through which the mine is exploited. It is provided with a hoisting engine at the top for handling men, rock and supplies.
2. The work of driving openings to and in a proved ore body to prepare it for mining and transporting the ore.
3. A horizontal opening in or near an ore body and parallel to the course or the vein or long dimension of the ore body.
4. The work of mining and marketing the ore. |
2.13 Read and memorize the words.
coat |
v |
покрывать (краской); syn. paint |
crush |
v |
дробить, обрушать(ся) |
decay |
v |
распад, разложение, гниль |
dry |
a |
cухой; ant. saturated, wet |
gun |
a |
инжектор, распылитель |
timber |
n |
древесина |
treat |
v |
обрабатывать |
steam |
n, v |
пар обрабатывать паром |
fire |
n |
пожар |
insect |
n |
насекомое |
waste |
n |
отходы, пустая порода |
impregnate |
v |
насыщать, пропитывать |
inhibit |
v |
препятствовать, сдерживать |
poison |
n, v |
яд отравить |
preserve |
v |
сохранять |
cell |
n |
ячейка, клетка |
season |
n |
сезон, время года |
expose |
v |
выходить на поверхность, обнажаться, оставлять незащищенным от воздействия |
2.14. Recognize these international words.
form, temperature, optimum conditions; creosote, effective, prevertive, chemicals, cement, method, preservative, pressure process; zink chloride