Unit 4 Parts of an iq Test

An IQ test tests your intelligence on different levels of thinking. It examines your following faculties:

1. Verbal Intelligence

2. Mathematical Ability

3. Spatial Reasoning Skills

4. Visual/Perceptual Skills

5. Classification Skills

6. Logical Reasoning Skills

7. Pattern Recognition Skills

Verbal Intelligence

A good command over your vocabulary, can take you places. This power of comprehension and expression is a true measure of intelligence. Verbal abilities include reading, writing and communicating with words. The verbal component of IQ tests examines your vocabulary, your capacity to learn verbal material and your ability to employ verbal skills in logical reasoning and problem solving.

This section of the IQ tests includes

1. Proverb tests

2. Analogies (to find the most likely match)

3. Verbal classification (match the column)

4. Antonyms, synonyms

5. Verbal puzzles including Jumbled words

Mathematical Ability

In order to calculate your daily grocery bill, or sum your expenditures or savings, or to figure out the discounts offered, to estimate your income tax for all of the above you require reasonable numerical ability. Numerical ability endeavors to find your familiarity with numbers and their behaviors. Mathematical intelligence generally represents your ability to reason and perform elementary arithmetic computations. It also helps you to understand geometric shapes and manipulate equations. It is a strong indicator of general intelligence because several require arithmetical operations even though numbers may not be involved.

This section of the IQ tests includes

1. Series problems

2. Fill in the missing numbers

3. Mathematical puzzles

Spatial Reasoning Skills

Spatial abilities are the perceptual and cognitive aptitudes that process spatial relations, in simpler words the visualization and orientation of objects in space. These assess your ability to manipulate 3D objects by tossing and rotating them. Spatial intelligence questions test your raw intelligence without the influence of prior study. On the prima facie, such questions may appear baffling but the trick is not to give up too quickly. Often a second look at the problem will reveal a different approach, and a solution will strike you, since the brain has been given the opportunity to process information further.

This section of the IQ tests includes

1. Object Assembly

2. Block Design

3. Digit Symbol/Coding/Animal House

4. Picture Arrangement

5. Picture Concepts

6. Picture Completion

7. Matrix Reasoning

Visual/Perceptual Skills

Visual intelligence measures the ability to process visual material and derive information out of them. As a result people with a high visualization IQ find it easier to comprehend information and communicate it to others.

This section of the IQ tests includes:

1. Stringing separate yet related pieces of information.

2. Picking out identical things from a collection.

3. Identifying the odd one out.

Classification Skills

This measures your ability to group items based on some criteria. It examines whether you have a conceptual understanding of the relationships between them. Classification skills enable you to piece together relevant data and make sense out of the whole.

Logical Reasoning Skills

Logical thinking is the ability to extract deductions from supplied information. Strong logical reasoning helps you in lateral thinking puzzles. You need a good understanding of cause and effect relationships. Generally speaking logic skills make divergent thinkers and have proven to be highly useful in our daily lives.

Pattern Recognition Skills

Amongst all mental abilities this type of intelligence is said to have the highest correlation with the general intelligence factor. This is primarily because pattern recognition is the ability to see order in a chaotic environment; Patterns can be found in ideas, words, symbols and images and pattern recognition is a key ally of your potential in logical, verbal, numerical and spatial abilities.

UNIT 5

Sir Isaac Newton Scientist and Mathematician, 1642 - 1727

Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 (by the Julian calendar then in use; or January 4, 1643 by the current Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, near Grantham in Lincolnshire, England. He was born the same year Galileo died. Newton is clearly the most influential scientist who ever lived. His accomplishments in mathematics, optics, and physics laid the foundations for modern science and revolutionized the world.

Newton was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge where he lived from 1661 to 1696. During this period he produced the bulk of his work on mathematics. In 1696 he was appointed Master of the Royal Mint, and moved to London, where he resided until his death.

As mathematician, Newton invented integral calculus, and jointly with Leibnitz, differential calculus. He also calculated a formula for finding the velocity of sound in a gas which was later corrected by Laplace.

 Newton made a huge impact on theoretical astronomy. He defined the laws of motion and universal gravitation which he used to predict precisely the motions of stars, and the planets around the sun. Using his discoveries in optics Newton constructed the first reflecting telescope.

Newton found science a hodgepodge of isolated facts and laws, capable of describing some phenomena, but predicting only a few. He left it with a unified system of laws that can be applied to an enormous range of physical phenomena, and that can be used to make exact predications. Newton published his works in two books, namely "Opticks" and "Principia."

Newton died in London on March 20, 1727 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, the first scientist to be accorded this honor. A review of an encyclopedia of science will reveal at least two to three times more references to Newton than any other individual scientist. An 18th century poem written by Alexander Pope about Sir Isaac Newton states it best: “Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night: God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.”

UNIT 6

Student A.