Rational intelligence

Exactly this type of intelligence is gauged by IQ tests. It 1) … analytical skills and the ability to understand 2) …., learn and 3) … problems. This type of intelligence is used to solve physical and mathematical tasks, play chess, 4) … computer 5) … and learn new 6) ….. People who make the most of this intelligence are scientists, doctors, programmers, lawyers, mathematicians and engineers.

Emotional intelligence

The notion of emotional intelligence was introduced by Daniel Goleman, psychologist, publicist and author of a book of the same title. He 7) … that emotional intelligence is an ability to 8) … one’s own emotions and establish rapport with other people. It is 9) …, resilience to 10) … and self-assessment. High emotional intelligence is necessary to those who work as teachers, psychologists, managers and politicians.

Financial intelligence

This notion describes the ability to manage money. People with high financial intelligence know how to 11) … large profits from their business activities and effectively invest in 12) … and purchase real estates of large growth potential. On the contrary, people with low financial intelligence live beyond their means and take unnecessary 13) … for consumption purposes because of which it is difficult for them to 14) …. both ends meet.

14. Fill the cells in the table with the words derived from the given verbs.

    Verb	Noun
    consider
    divide
    multiply
    link
    improve
    define
    assess
    prove

15. Rearrange the letters in bold to make words that fit into the gaps.

The products we consume have a considerable 1) …… (aitcpm) on the condition of our brains. For a brain to 2) ..…... (tfionncu) correctly, it is recommended that you eat fish, nuts, avocado and all products with a high 3) …… (ttcnneo) of iodine. In contrast, eating 4) ……. (odffaots), sweets, salty snacks and drinking alcohol are 5) ….. (sroatfc) having a negative effect on the intelligence quotient.

No other game requires as much 6) …… (aaallytnci) thinking as chess. Planning the next moves and trying to understand the opponent’s strategy is a perfect method to 7) …….. (rnita) one’s wits. It has turned out that the best chess 8) …….. (yspalre) can pride themselves on a very high intelligent quotient: Bobby Fischer − IQ of 190, Garry Kasparov − 185, Robert Byrne and Judith Polgar − 170.

16. Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases from the text. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.

    1	to compute		income
    2	to diagnose		intelligence
    3	to measure		values
    4	to make		bias
    5	to have		performance
    6	to show		impact
    7	to conduct		mental illness
    7	to compare		IQ
    9	to possess		leadership
    10	to assess		a study

17. Put the words in the correct order to make meaningful sentences. The first word of each sentence is underlined.

1. Intelligence / a / wings / bird / without / ambition / is. (Salvador Dali)

2. fear / you’ll / Have / never / perfection - / of / it / no / reach. (Salvador Dali)

3. IQ tests / account / factors: / take / mathematics / and / general / into / standard / Many / only / three / logic / knowledge.

4. The / are / the / limits / of / limits / your / language / of / your / world. (Ludwig Wittgenstein)

18. Work in pairs. Match 1-6 with a-f to make sentences.

    1	The brain can be developed just the same as the muscles can be developed,	a	while personality measures can be faked.
    2	Intrapersonally intelligent people best	b	function at exceptional levels of insight, creativity and invention.
    3	It is hard to measure motivation,	c	that affect how we learn.
    4	We each possess different intelligences, or different combinations of them,	d	if one will only take the pains to train the mind to think.
    5	We have strokes or spasms of genius, moments when our brains or minds	e	understand the world from their unique point of view.
    6	The natural born geniuses with a certified genius IQ level can often	f	suffer from an excess of intelligence or a superiority complex.

19. Choose the best word(s) from each pair in bold to complete the sentence.

1. Since the 19th century, IQ tests have been the primary/virtually source for measuring human intelligence.

2. Listening to, and participating in music creates new neural pathways in your brain that encourage/stimulate creativity.

3. It is well established that our brain wave frequencies change with our cognitive abilities/mental states and vice-versa.

4. IQ has been shown to increase/to expand with more schooling, better educated parents and better toys.

5. Wine drinkers to some extent/on average have a higher IQ than beer drinkers.

6. It is widely agreed that standardized tests cannot measure all forms of intelligence including creativity, wisdom, practical sense and social sensitivity/sensibility.

7. The smell of rosemary is said to enhance mental action/performance.

8. IQ score/grade presents one of the most feasible and reliable barometers for grading/appreciating the intellectual horsepower of people.

9. Traits often associated with genius include/contain strong individuality, imagination, uniqueness, and innovative drive.

10. Reading newspapers or surfing on/wandering in the Internet is much more stimulating than watching television.

11. A message for action moves/travels from your brain to your muscles as fast as 250 miles per hour.

20. Put the words in brackets into the correct form.

An 1) … (analyse) of 1 million students in a New York school district 2) … (show) that school cafeteria food affected IQ scores to an 3) … (astonish) degree. When 4)…. (preserve), coloring, dyes and artificial flavors were removed from the cafeteria menu 5) … (research) found that 70,000 students performed two or more IQ grade levels 6) … (high) than before.

According to the 7) … (respect) Multiple Intelligences Theory, pioneered by Harvard professor Howard Gardner, there are a variety of intrinsic approaches and skills we use to 8) … (perception), understand, and 9) … (shape) our world − in other words, several different kinds of intelligence.

21. Find and correct the mistakes.

1. Personality, motivation and hard work are needed for success in all ours endeavors.

2. Generally, it is IQ that is used for choosing employees from work place.

3. If people taking an IQ test today were scored in the same way as people 50 years ago, then 90% of they would be classified in the genius level.

4. Your brain was capable of making a virtually unlimited number of synaptic connections or potential patterns of thought.

5. Visual intelligent people best understand the world through visualization and spatial orientation.

22. Look at the pictures and make up a student's story of passing IQ test yesterday. Use Past Simple tense.

23. Underline the correct tense.

1. Today, more than 250 million Slinkys _______ worldwide.

a) have been sold b) were sold

2. I ________ you at the lectures last week.

a) haven't seen b) didn't see

3. Jack's sister _______ her friend in London last year.

a) has visited b) visited

4. Silly Putty ________ by the crew of Apollo 8 to secure tools in zero gravity.

a) has even been used b) was even used

5. You __________ her, have you?

a) haven't told b) didn't tell

6. The microwave oven is now a standard appliance in most American households, but it _________ around since the late 1940s.

a) has only been b) was only

7. I _______ at CERN for five years (but I no longer work there).

a) have worked b) work

8. I ________ to work every day this week.

a) have walked b) walked

24. Follow the directions. Use troublesome verbs.

TROUBLESOME VERBS: raise/rise, set/sit, lay/lie
transitive	intransitive	Raise, set, and lay are transitive verbs; they are followed by an object. Rise, sit, and lie are intransitive; i.e., they are NOT followed by an object. Note: Lie is a regular verb (lie, lied) when it means "not tell the truth".
(a) raise, raised, raised Tom raised his hand.	(b) rise, rose, risen The sun rises in the east.
(c) set, set, set I will set the book on the desk.	(d) sit, sat, sat I sit in the front row.
(e) lay, laid, laid I am laying the book on the desk.	(f) lie, lay, lain He is lying on his bed.

1. Name things that rise.

2. Lift something above your head. Use raised or rose in a sentence to describe that action.

3. Complete this sentence:

You can ....... the results of IQ test.

4. Put something on your desktop. Use set or sat in a sentence to describe this action. Then use laid or lay to describe this action.

5. Look at the object on your desktop. What is it doing? Describe its "activity in progress" by using setting or sitting in a sentence. Then use laying or lying in a similar sentence to describe this object.

25. Choose which verb tense (Past Simple or Past Continuous) fits better.

1. I …… − I didn't hear you come in.

a) was sleeping b) slept

2. I …… to see her twice, but she wasn't at home.

a) was coming b) came

3. What ……. ? I was playing a computer game.

a) did you do b) were you doing

4. How long ……. your laptop?

a) did you have b) were you having

5. ……. a good time in Brazil? Yes, I had a blast!

a) Were you having b) Did you have

6. We …… breakfast when she walked into the room.

a) had b) were having

7. Ohio researchers IQ can plummet by 25 percent after being rejected.

a) claimed b) were claiming

26. Fill in a, the where necessary.

1) .... term "intelligence quotient," or IQ, was first coined in 2) ..... early twentieth century by 3) ..... German psychologist named William Stern. Since that time, 4) ....... intelligence testing has emerged as 5) ..... widely used tool that has led to the development of many other tests of 6) ....... skill and aptitude. However, it continues to spur 7) ...... debate and controversy over the use of intelligence tests, cultural biases, influences on intelligence and even 8) ..... very way we define intelligence.

27. Fill in the gaps with a suitable preposition from the list.

of (5), within, on (2)

One 1) .... the more recent ideas to emerge is Howard Gardner's theory 2) .... multiple intelligences. Instead 3) ..... focusing 4) .... the analysis of test scores, Gardner proposed that numerical expressions 5) ...... human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction 6) .... people's abilities. His theory describes eight distinct intelligences that are based 7) .... skills and abilities that are valued 8) .... different cultures.

28. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. IQ більше відображає швидкість розумових процесів (завдання тестів необхідно виконати за обмежений відрізок часу), а не уміння мислити або оригінальність мислення.

2. Автори дослідження дійшли висновку, що жінки рідше досягають успіхів у кар’єрі, оскільки часто недооцінюють рівень власного інтелекту.

3. Вперше коефіцієнт IQ (співвідношення «розумового» і фактичного віку) був застосований в 1916 році.

4. Експерименти показали, що існують різні види інтелекту, і що неможливо об’єктивно виміряти таке суб’єктивне поняття, як людський розум.

5. Популярний міжнародний клуб Mensa International приймає до своїх лав людей, які мають найбільший коефіцієнт інтелекту. Зараз членами Mensa є більше 100 тис. чоловік із 100 країн світу.

29. Edit the Ukrainian translation (B).

1. Tests that measure the IQs of children are standardized and an average score is recorded for each age group. Thus a child of 10 years of age who scores the results expected of a child of 12 would have an IQ of 120, calculated as follows: (mentalage/chronological age) 100 = 120. However, because little or no improvement in IQ rating is found in adults, they have to be judged on an IQ test whose average score is 100 and their results graded above and below this norm according to known scores.

During the past 25-30 years IQ testing has been brought into widespread use by employers because of their need to ensure that they place the right people in the right job from the outset. One of the main reasons for this in today's world of tight purse strings, cost cutting and low budgets is the high cost of errors in employing the wrong person for a job, including the cost of readvertising and interviewing new applicants and of reinvestment in training.

2. Тести, які вимірюють IQ дітей, є стандартними і середня оцінка записується для кожної вікової групи. Таким чином, дитина в 10 років, оцінки очікуваних результатів дитини 12 буде мати IQ 120, розраховується наступним чином: (mentalage / хронологічний вік) 100 = 120. Однак, оскільки практично ніяких поліпшень в рейтингу IQ виявлений у дорослих, вони повинні судити про тест IQ, середня оцінка складає 100, а їх результати оцінюються вище і нижче цієї норми відповідно до відомими балів.

За останні 25-30 років IQ тестування була приведена в широке використання роботодавцями, тому що їх необхідно забезпечити, щоб вони ставлять правильні люди на своєму місці з самого початку. Однією з головних причин цього в сучасному світі жорстокої гаманця, скорочення витрат та низького бюджету є висока вартість помилок при наймі на роботу не ту людину на роботу, в тому числі вартість readvertising та інтерв'ю новий заявників і  реінвестування в процесі навчання.

SPEAKING

30. Discuss the following questions in small groups or pairs.

1. Does being intelligent matter, or are other things more important?

2. Are the person’s happiness and ability to adapt related to how intelligent they are?

3. Are puzzles, intelligence tests and so on a waste of time?

31. Use the information from UNITS 3 and 4 and prepare a three-minute talk for the students’ conference on intelligence, IQ tests and memory.

32. Say what you were doing, or what was happening, at these moments.

• The last time you were really frightened.

• The last time you felt happy.

• The last time you got really angry.

• The last time you got very bored.

• The last time you were upset.

33. Make two questions: use phrases from each group. Ask other students your questions.

    1 group When did you first ……? How long ago ……..? Last year, ……..? How often did you …….? When was the last time ……?

    2 group Have you ever ….? Have you …… today? What …… lately? Have you ………. since? How long have you …… ?

34. This year's winner is being intervied by a journalist.

Student A

You have just won the Brain of Ukraine contest for the fifth time running. You are being intervied by a journalist about how you have managed to acquire so much knowledge. You will also be asked for advice for young hopefuls.

Student B

You are a journalist who is interviewing Student A about his/her repeated successes in the Brain of Ukraine contest. You are sure that he/she has some special secret of being the first these five times. You also ask him/her for advice for young contenders who are going to participate in such future contests.

LISTENING

35. You are going to listen to the part of a lecture on IQ.

Decide whether the facts from the lecture are true or false.

1. British psychologist Alfred Binet is the author of the first IQ test.

2. The first IQ tests measured children’s intellectual development.

3. The term intelligence quotient was coined by a German scientist.

4. When defining IQ of a person according to the formula, the real age of the person wasn’t taken into consideration.

5. The process of mental development stops at the age of 16.

6. According to the Wechsler scale, an average IQ test score is 100 points.

7. Geniuses are people with IQ more than 175 points.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7

36. Listen again and complete the sentences with information from the lecture.

1. To become a Mensamember you should have an IQ of at least ………

2. The first intelligence tests were created to measure ………..

3. The tasks in the Binet and Simon tests were adapted to ……….

4. According to the Wechsler scale, results below ………….. mean low intelligence.

5. Mensa gathers the most intelligent ………. of the population.

WRITING

37. Choose any 5 phrases from exercise 16 and use them in your own sentences.

38. Choose any 2 quotations from exercise 3 (warm-up section) and comment them (40−70 words each).

39. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Student A – sentences 1-4, Student B – sentences 5-8, then check each other and translate them back into English. Student A – sentences 5-8, Student B – sentences 1-4.

1. "The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent full of doubt." Bertrand Russell

2. "The world is governed more by appearances than by realities, so that it is fully as necessary to seem to know something as to know it." Daniel Webster

3. Research carried out in Sweden indicated that people whose intelligence quotient amounts to over 115 points have a greater chance to attain the age of seventy-six.

4. Leonardo da Vinci, whose IQ was estimated for 220, is hailed the most intelligent person in the history of humankind.

5. Albeit the modern IQ tests claim to calculate agility of 13 main abilities − visual apprehension, spatial apprehension, arithmetic, logic, general knowledge, spelling, rote utilization, intuition, short term memory, geometry, algebra, vocabulary and computational speed - there is a strong bias towards mathematical comprehension.

6. Mensa has three stated purposes: to identify and foster human intelligence for the benefit of humanity, to encourage research in the nature, characteristics and uses of intelligence, and to promote stimulating intellectual and social opportunities for its members.

7. Genius is a combination of three 'I's: intellect, imagination and intuition. Every genius is partially a mystic at heart. With a high IQ, you might be a computer whiz.

8. "Common sense is as rare as genius." Ralph Waldo Emerson

40. Write some advice for students’ campus leaflet on how to raise your IQ level and, hence, to improve your academic performance.

PROBLEM-SOLVING

41. Try to find solutions (Problem-Solving, UNIT 4).