4. Инфинитив в функции подлежащего, предикативного члена, именной части составного сказуемого и обстоятельства цели

не представляет трудности при переводе на русский язык. В этих функциях он переводится инфинитивом (в функции подлежащего или обстоятельства цели) или существительным.

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To postpone an election due in a month's time is not technically easy; postponement would require complex legal maneuvers, which might take weeks. Отложить выборы, которые должны состояться через месяц, непросто с организационной точки зре­ния; отсрочка потребует сложных правовых маневров, на кото­рые могут уйти недели.

Примечание. 1. В сочетании с глаголом to fail или существительным failure инфинитив передает неудавшуюся попытку совершить действие или просто отрицание и часто переводится на русский язык личной формой гла­гола в отрицательной форме.

The negotiators failed to come to agreement Участники переговоров не пришли к согласию (не смогли договориться)

2. Сочетание is (was) bound с инфинитивом переводится обязательно, неизбежно должно было

It was bound to happen. Это неизбежно должно было произойти (случиться).

5. Инфинитив может быть в предложении вводным элементом: to tell the truth... no правде говоря , to be frank, если говорить от­кровенно... , to put it mildly мягко выражаясь

Примечание Инфинитив в начале предложения может выступать либо в функции подлежащего или обстоятельства цели, либо быть вводным элементом Синтаксический анализ предложения дает возможность совер­шенно точно определить его функцию

Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.

1. Kurds are especially happy with a US pledge last September toprotect them against Baghdad.

2. India and Pakistan are racing to put warheads on fast-flying mis­siles, set on a hair trigger, to be launched at first warning or lost to an in­coming strike.

3. Efforts to attract investment by selling Ireland abroad also have along history.

4. British Airways said, it would install heart monitors and cardial de-fibrillators devices on all its aircraft within a year, becoming the first in­ternational airline to do so

5. Military rule and disdain for human rights have supposedly madeNigeria a country not to be visited.

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6. Even from the point of view of Britain's homegrown capitalists, thecurrent policies are failing. That is the only conclusion to be drawn fromthe Bank of England's quarterly review and the report of the CommonsTreasury and Civil Service Committee.

7. Information comes in floods now, but we haven't installed a way touse the brains with the capacity to filter and distill it.

8. The decision to ban export of beef and cattle from Portugal wasmade after a sharp increase in the number of cases last year of «madcow» disease in cattle grown in Portugal.

9. The candidate said this morning that he was fully aware of the ob­stacles to be faced and the charges that would be made.

10. The Euro-American democracies have, in the new NATO, a cen­tral organization to co-ordinate the military actions of those NATOmembers which decide they need to act.

11. The US government controls exports of strong encryption prod­ucts to preserve its capability to decode messages from foreign govern­ments and criminals.

12. There are lessons to be learnt from the cold war, but the inevita­bility of a peaceful outcome is not one of them.

13. Most Japanese educators concede that a reliance on rote learningand cramming does great damage to creativity, and many universities aremoving to include interviews and essay writing in their entrance tests.

14. A personal campaign to acquaint the farmers with the facts aboutthis year's agricultural price review will be launched by the Minister ofAgriculture on Monday.

15. Peru plans to raise $1 billion through bond sales and loans to helpthe country's struggling companies restructure debt.

16. Britain had the most extensive network of double taxation agree­ments in the world to protect companies trading in Britain and othercountries from paying tax twice over.

17. The said tax increases to reduce government borrowing would dolittle to help recession hit industry or reduce unemployment.

18. The United States used the UN inspection team to send a US spyinto Baghdad to install a highly sophisticated electronic eavesdroppingsystem.

19. In his semiannual report to Congress, the US Federal Reservechairman suggested that « storm clouds massing over the western Pacificand headed our way» might dampen demand for US goods and servicesjust enough to relieve inflationary pressure — and render unnecessary aFed hike in short-term rates.

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20. Having shed enough of its history to look outward and prosper inEurope, Ireland has retained enough, up to now, to ameliorate the strainsof rapid social change. This is a balance that will be difficult to preserve

21. The general feeling in Egypt is that the government has won itswar against the Islamist militants. What it is still not confident enough todo is to allow political Islam a public voice.

22. Japanese consumers have simply not been purchasing many of thehigh-ticket items—particularly automobiles and appliances — in suffi­cient volume to keep Japan's economy moving at the higher rate businesswould like to achieve.

23. Although Mr.Kim [South Korea"] was the first of the three to em­brace the need for a rescue by the International Monetary Fund, he madeworrying noises about wanting to renegotiate the deal once he enteredoffice.

24. Mr.Cook is not the first British foreign secretary to arrive in officedetermined to change things, nor will he be the last to run up against thediplomats' natural scepticism about his ability to do.

25. The achievement [of Ireland] is certainly not to be dismissed, assome would have it, as a matter of statistical fudges, subsidies fromEurope and tax dodges for multinationals. But lessons for would-be tigersare either difficult to infer or of little use.

26. Scientology tries to turn its followers' minds and part them fromtheir money; of course it will try to change their lives forever. But so dolots of religions.

27. Any newly elected government can expect to be given the benefitof the doubt by the public.

28. The U.S. Federal law allows the satellite systems to provide net­work programming only to a viewer who cannot receive the local affiliateof a network using a conventional TV antenna.

29. The United Nations said that a UN delegation would visit Chinanext month to look at what help the country needs to implement its com­mitments on human rights.

30. This attack on Serbia may be the start of a new trend to restrainthugs and despots, though it does not look terribly likely.

31. They say ways and means must be found whereby developingcountries can expand their exports and increase foreign exchange earn­ings to pay for such internal programmes as power projects, transportservices, exploitation of natural resources and industrialization generally.

32. The US President calls on America to accept a global role.

33. To meet the need for increasingly precise forecasts, meteorologistshope to extend their observational system until it covers every corner ofthe earth.

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34. The chancellor in fact, was quick to warn us against raising falsehopes on the basis of the new international support given for the pound.

35. The Prime Minister had told the party meeting that as a toughPrime Minister, he refused to be dictated to by any group.

36. [NATO] Already the Europeans cannot agree to finance the mod­ernization programs that were considered essential even before enlarge­ment came into the picture.

37. In London the British Government's special envoy said on return­ing yesterday from a two-week Far East «factfinding mission», that hewas disappointed not to have been invited to take part in the talks on theregion's problems.

38. Perhaps BNP [Banque Nationale de Paris] felt left out: it courtedSociete General unsuccessfully for two years only to see the bank fall intothe arms of Paribas.

39. The retired director of the Brain Institute at the University of Cali­fornia — Los Angeles, devoted his life to studying that complex organ,only to be crippled by a brain disease that leaves its victims unable to carefor themselves.

40. Education standards are bound to be hit by the government's latestround of spending cuts, the Education Secretary admitted yesterday.

41. Japan's economic success carries inevitable political conse­quences, and they are bound to be recognized sooner or later.

42. The announcements of his latest trip is bound to intensify suspi­cions about the objectives of the Government's manoeuvres.

43. «The US economy already looks fairly bubble-like. Such an econ­omy is bound to slow once stock prices fall, and so the base trend will bea stronger yen once Japan's economy strengthens,» said a top official inthe Finance Ministry.

44. The Chancellor of Germany said he had serious concerns that fail­ure to reach agreement on the EU reforms could lead to complicationsconcerning the European single currency, the euro.

45. Even a public apology from the prime minister for failing to ex­plain his policy failed to turn the tide of opinion in his favour.

46. European Union leaders last night failed to make any break­throughs on the future financing of the community.

47. The two social workers stood bail of $500 each. When the youthfailed to appear, they were summoned to court and ordered to forfeit$300 each...

48. Will Republicans squabble so acrimoniously to define the soul oftheir party that they condemn themselves to a protracted civil war that,

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two years from now, will lead not just to failure to recapture the White House but to failure to keep control of Congress?

49. The old controversy about whether government borrowing im­poses a burden on the future has lately been given a new airing. Consider,to begin with, the recipe for making a « primary real burden» of the na­tional debt as laid down by Professor Brown of the University of Vir­ginia.

50. To begin with, the cumulative effect of so many cocktail and otherparties amounts to a serious physical drain on the U.N. delegates; consid­erable stamina is required to stand up to some seven hundred social func­tions a year.

51. It was freely stated, to begin with, that she was little more than afigurehead, used by the politicians of her party to get back into power ona strong wave of emotion which only she could inspire.

52. To judge living standards, it is better to add to GDP the incomeearned by foreign assets, and to deduct from it the income paid to foreigncreditors.

53. The other leg of the Nissan plan is to raise operating margins frombelow zero up to 5% within two years.

54. The commercial broadcasting industry convinced Americans thatit was « good citizenship to consume news at regular intervals».

55. In many respects the father of both the supersonic Concorde andthe wide-bodied Airbus airliners, Henri Ziegler lived long enough to seethe recent major restructuring of the French aircraft industry.

56. Behind the closed doors of homes ranging from modest apart­ments to mansions in Virginia, many foreign servants live in silent de­spair, toiling long hours for low wages but too fearful, isolated or inse­cure about what will happen to them to complain or breakfree, humanrights advocates and investigators say.

57. It is increasingly recognized that the current peacekeeping re­sources and powers of the UN are too limited to enable it to intervene ef­fectively in many conflicts. One solution would be to create peace en­forcement units, to be made available in clearly defined circumstances.

II. Инфинитивные конструкции