Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

utevskaya_n_l_english_grammar_book_version_2_0

.pdf
Скачиваний:
6962
Добавлен:
15.04.2015
Размер:
41.77 Mб
Скачать

;:;;.:

telep\юne.

1О. "This song is поt popular апу loпger," tl1e уонпg man saicl.

с

""11. "I liked this play very mucl1," ту frieпd said after retнmiпg f'rom tl1e theatre.

.:Q

12. "We will settle tl1is question tomorrow," Mary said to her motl1eг.

::::::

<

:?.

Exercise 111

:2:

Report tl1e followiпg using а proper introdLtctory verb trom tl1e Jist bellow.

<

::::::

promise, apologize, remind, complain, deny, inform, ordeг, allmv,foгbld, encoшage

(.;)

::с

1. "I !1aven't marked tl1e exam papers," tl1e teacl1er said to ше. 2. "I '11 tidy ttp

r...r;_

.._,

when 1 return home," Nick said to his motl1er. 3. "Doп't forget to tlшпk уош

 

2father," sl1e said to her daugl1ter. 4. "You mostп't соте !10ше so late," sl1e

~said to her sоп. 5. "l'm sorry I forgot to seпd а letter," she said. 6. "Yotl may take my dictionary," Mike sakl to his brotl1er. 7. "1 didп't 11it l1im," Неlеп said. 8. "Get offthe grass at опсе," J1e said to tl1e kids. 9. "Try it agaiп," sl1e said to те. 10. "Уон'rе always forgetting to slшt tl1e dоог," sl1e said to l1er

lшsband.

Exercise IV

Turn tl1e tollowiпg iпto iпdirect qнestions.

1.Where is tl1e post office? (Do you know ... )

2.Wl1at have you dопе? (I woпder ... )

3.Are we goiпg for а walk? (I waпt to kпow ... )

4.Have rmade а mistake? (1 dонЬt ... )

5.Wlюse uтbreila is tl1is? (У woпder ... )

6.Does tl1e bus stop l1ere? (Could you tellme ... )

7.Wl1at tiтe is it? (Do you kпow ... )

8.Will you соте with те? (l waпt to know ... )

9.Wl1eп do you l1ave уош diппer? (Could yoll tell те ... )

10.Where does your sister live? (I want to kпow ... )

Exercise V

Change the follo\viпg fгот Direct into Reported Speec\1.

1. "Ореп tl1e parcel, please," s\1e said to те. 2. "Go to your rоот and stay there," his father said. 3. "Doп't walk оп tl1e grass," sl1e said to нs. 4. "WI1ere will уон show те your staтps?" Boris asked те. 5. ''Wl1ere did you gatl1er these plaпts?" the teacher asked. 6. "Do you like t.o read Eпglis\1 books?" Kate asked те. 7. "What size shoes do you take?" the shop assistant said to him. 8. "Did you рау the electricity Ьill?" he said to his wife. 9. "Do it at опсе," father said to the Ьоу. 1О. "Will you diпe with us?" she said to те. 11. "We bought this thiпg а week ago," тother said to те. 12. "Doп't stay нр reading too late," ту father said to те. 13. "Let's paiпt the walls Ьlue," ту little sister said. 14. "I'll phone you at seveп o'clock toпigl1t," she said to hiт.

190

Exercise Vl

Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech.

1. "She will соте toтorrow," I1e said. 2. "I ат busy," she said to те. 3. "Do you speak French?" they asked те. 4. "When did you leave !юте yesterday?" ту father asked те. 5. "Will you соте to see нs tomorrow?" 1 asked her. 6. "I wiJI apply for this post," tl1e doctor said. 7. "Не sl1ares tl1e room witl111is brotl1er," I answered. 8. "Wait for me at tl1e scl1ool епtrапсе," Jапе said. 9. "WI1eп did you l1ave Iuпch today?" 11е asked. 10. "Are you ready to listen to the lecture?" the professor asked the studeпts. 11. "Will you get offtl1e Ьнs at tl1e пехt stop?" she asked me. 12. "I have пever еаtеп sucl1 а dish iп ту life," tl1e Ьоу said. 13. "Уон сап buy а new coat next year," ту father said.

Exercise Vll

Sнpply tl1e priпcipal clauses нsiпg as predicates verbs best sнited to ti1e seпse of

each sепtепсе.

1. .. ....... (that) he had пever seen tl1e white пights before.

2..........

(that) he was delighted.

3..........

(that) he woнld тiss us greatly.

4..........

(that) they would Ье аЬlе to take the tickets beforehand.

5..........

(that) he had пever expected to see sнch а beautiful city.

6.

.. ....... whether I I1ad ever Ьееп to Kiev.

7.

.. ....... ifl slюнld like to go dowп tl1e Yolga with tl1em.

8.

.. ....... whetl1er we woнld тееt.

9.

.. ....... which 1 preferred: travelliпg Ьу laпd or Ьу sea.

10..........

what kind ofsport 1was kееп оп.

11.

.. ....... which of tl1e players would win.

12.

.. ....... Jюw many records I had got.

13..........

iп wlыt directioп we iпteпded to go.

14.

.. ....... (that) tl1ey woнld have left already Ьу tl1e пехt Sнпdау.

15 ..........

(tllat) 1slюuld have to see them off.

16.

.. ....... ifl l1ad ever takeп part iп а boat-race.

Exercise Vlll

Turn the following iпto Reported Speech; нsе differeпt introdнctory verbs. Model 1 Do уон ever work in the gardeп? Sl1e asked me ifl ever worked in the

gardeп.

1.What sort offlowers do yoнlike?

2.Do you like pansies?

3.Where wШ уон plaпt those lovely poppies?

4.Are these gardeп or wild flowers?

5.Do you water t11e flowers in the morпing or iп the eveпiпg?

6.Are tнlips shade-Joving flowers?

'J:

;_;j

:r;

L,;,;

-

~

z

С'

(..;J

С/)

i..:.J

:::::

r-·

191

------------------------------

~

~

~

~

;::::

::0::

<

:?:

<

~

·~

""'

:т:

(/;

с

z

щ

7.Who has broken the boughs ot'the lime-tree?

8.Why have these flowers opened so soon?

9.Have you ever seen а cherry orchard in Ьlossom?

10.Will you grow vegetaЬles in your kitcl1en garden next year?

Exercise IX

Comp!ete tl1e following sentences.

А

1. She asked if .........

2. She wondered wheп .........

3. She waпted to know wl1ere ........ .

4.

SI1e was iпterested to know how ........ .

5. Sl1e inquired for wi1at purpose ........ .

6.

SI1e wou!d like to know lюw much ........ .

в

 

1.

Не told them to .........

2.

Му moti1er asked me to ........ .

3.

Му brotl1er advised me to........ .

4.

TI1e doctor forbade l1er to........ .

5.

Tl1e guide warned us поt to ........ .

6.

Ti1e пurse persuaded the patieпt поt to .........

с

 

1.

.. ....... поt to worry about me.

2.

.. ....... to do physical exercises regu!arly.

3..........

not to go skating on suc11 thin ice.

4.

.. ....... to рау more attention to 11is hea!t\1.

5..........

not to a11ow her cl1ildren to play оп the road.

6..........

to keep up correspondence witi1\1im.

Modal Verbs in Reported Speech

The forms of some modal verbs change in Reported Speech when the reported sentence is out of date.

willjshall

~

would

can

~

couldjwould Ье аьtе to

may

~

might

shall

~

should (asking for advice)

 

 

would (asking for information)

 

 

offer (expressing offers)

must

~

mustjhad to (oЬiigation)

needn't

~

didn 'tneed to, didn 't have tojwouldn 'thave to

192

Would, could, need to, mustn 't, shou/d, might, ought to, had better reтain the

sате.

!)irect Speech

Не said, "1'11seeyou later."

Не said, "1 can run fast."

Не said, "1 can ring you up toтorrow." Не said, "1 тау see Pete."

Не said, "Howshould 1repairthetap?"

Не said, "When shallwe соте back?" Не said, "Shalll tidy up the rоот?" Не said, "You тust return the book." Не said, "You тust Ье kind."

Не said, "You should rest тоге." Не said, "You had better help те." Не said, "You needn'tdoit now."

Hesaid, "You needn'tcoтetoтorrow."

Reported Speech

Не said (that) he would see те later. Не said (that) he could run fast.

Не said (that) he would Ье аЫе to ring те up the next day.

Не said (that) he тight see Pete.

Не asked how he should repair the tap. Не asked how to repair the tap.

Не asked when theywould соте back. Не offered to tidy up the rоот.

Не said (that) 1тustjhad to return the book.

Не said (that) 1тust Ье kind.

Не said (that) 1should rest тоге. Не said (that) 1had better help hiт.

Не said (that) 1didn 'tneed to/1 didn 't havetodo itthen.

Не said (that) 1wouldn'thave to go tl1e nextday.

Reporting а Dialogue or а Conversation

ln conversations or dialogues we use stateтents, coттands and questions. When we report dialogues or conversations, we use: and, as, adding that, and he/ she added that, explaining that, because, but, since, so, and then hejshe wenton to say, while, then etc or the introductoryverb in the present participle forт.

Exclaтations such as: Oh! Oh dear! We/1! etc are oтitted in Reported Speech.

Direct Speech

-----

"Oh, thatisaverynicedress!" shesaid. "Where did you buy it?"

"lt is so difficult for you," she said. "Shalll help you?"

"Why don 'tyou соте over for dinner on Friday?" she said. "We could discuss your рrоЫет then."

Reported Speech

She reтarkedjexclaiтed that it was а

very nice dress and she asked where 1had bought it.

She said itwas so difficultfor те, offering to help.

She invited те to dinner on Friday, suggesting that we could discuss ту

probleт then.

:.r;

~

J:

z

,-..

Li...

/"'

~..:..;

.,., z

~

о

;..:...; :1:

[.:_i

~

.....

' 2i 11>

193

 

тorning to те.
'./:.
;,:;
;--:_
;.:J
=r:
...1:
;;""
<
=r:
;.;:-,
~ ExclamationsjYesjNo Short AnswersjQuestion
о
о
:::: Tags

Exclaтations are introduced in Reported Speech with exclaiт, thank, wis/1, say, cry out in pain, give an exclaтation of surprisejhorrorjdisgustjdelight, scream with painjsurprise etc.

The exclaтation тark Ьесотеs а full stop. Exclaтatory words such as Oh!,

::Еее!, Wow! etc are oтitted in the reported sentence.

"Oh dear! l've torn тydress!" ~ She exclaiтed that she had torn her dress.

Yesjno short answers are expressed in Reported Speech with the subject proper auxiliary verb or the subject proper introductory verb.

"Сап you соте to see те?" he said. - "No, "she said. ~Не asked her if she cou/d соте to see hiт and said she couldn 't.

or Не asked her if she could соте to see him, but she refused.

Question tags are oтitted in Reported Speech. We can use а proper introductory verb.

"Не isn 't /ying, is he?" she said. ~ She wondered if he was lying.

Conversational Formulas

Direct Speech

"Pete," said Kate, "тeetтyfriend, Mike."

Theteachersaid, "Hello. (Good тorning, good afternoon)."

"Hello, Ann," said Nick.- "Hello, Nick," saidAnn.

"Good тorning, darling," said тother. Alice said, "Мапу l1appy returns ofthe day, Kate."

"Congratulations," said тother. "1 ат so glad you passed your finals!" Marysaid, "Excuse тyringing upso early(late)."

"You're always welcoтe to ou r hоте," said Ann'sтother to Nell.

~~ported Speech

Kate introduced Mike to Pete.

The teacher greeted her pupils.

Ann and Nick exchanged greetings.

Motherwished good

Alice greeted Kate on her Ьirthday. Alice wished Kate таnу happy returns ofthe day.

Mother congratulated те on passing

тyfinals.

Магу apologized to те for ringing up so early (late).

Ann'sтother expressed а warт

welcoтeto Nell.

194

MEXERCISES

Exercise 1

Rewrite the followiпg coпversatioпs iп Reported Speec\1.

А"How сап 1 lose weight?" Nick said.

"Уон тнstп't eat sweets. Внt уон сап eat vegetaЬles апd frнit. You shoнld also

get plenty of exercise," said tl1e doctor. "SI1all I go in for gyтпastics?" said Nick.

"No, you пееdп't. You can go joggiпg every day," said the doctor.

В"Are you Eпglish?" Jапе said.

"Yes, 1 ат. I соте from Maвchester," said Mr Kelly. "Is it уонr first visit to Moscow?" said Jапе.

"No, I've Ьееп here опсе before. I visited Moscow апd St Petersburg two years ago," said Mr Kelly.

"Are you l1ere оп holiday?" said Jапе.

"No, I have соше to Moscow оп busiпess," said Mr Kelly. "How long are you stayiпg?" said Jапе.

"1 s!1all Ье Ьеrе for tl1ree weeks," said Мr Kelly.

"Are you goiпg to visit St Petersburg again?" said Jапе.

"No, I'ш afraid поt. I've Ьееп very busy. Апd we are flyiпg to Eвglaвd from Moscow," said Mr Kelly.

С"1 doп't want to go to tlle сапtееп а}опе. Will youjoiп те for !uпch?" Mary said.

"I'dloveto," Anпsaid.

"W!1еп will уон Ье tree?" Mary said.

"lп а qнarter of ап hour," Апп said.

"All rigl1t, tl1eп, we'll go togetl1er," Mary said.

DOn eпteriпg the old !ady's room !1е said, "l hope 1 haveп't iпterrupted your work!"

"Of сошsе поt. Sit dowп, p!ease. Have а cup oftea?"

"Tlшпks, 1've had ту tea."

SЬе said, "I l1aven't seen you for ages. How is your wife?"

"SI1e is aJI rigl1t поw!" l1e answered. "Don't you waпt to соте апd see our ЬаЬу? Му wife says she is а darling."

"Don't уон think so?"

"Of course, 1 do. Внt 1 thiпk I'll!ove l1er тоrе when she grows up," he added.

The old lady sшiled. "That's а tender father!"

V':

~.:

(/:

''l

"'·-~

;..~-

·_;;

z~

w

::::>

...;

·л

LLi

:::

!-·

195

~

~

~

с:::

<

:?;

,?.

Exercise 11

Turn tl1e followiпg into Reported Speech.

1. "Онс\1!" he said, as tl1e пшsе gave !Jiш tl1e iвjectioп. 2. "Уон '11 try to do it as qнick as possiЬle, \\'оп't you?" he said to l1er. 3. "Wow!" she said wheп sl1e first saw the Pyraшids. 4. "Yoн'JJ try not to Ье late, woп't уон?" I1e said to llis

<mother. 5. "Would yoнlike апоthег cup oftea?" she asked. "Yes, please," he

~

·~

replied. 6. "Will уон leave уош dictioпary?" she asked. "Of сошsе," he said.

:r:

7. "Уон raпg те нр yesterday, didп't you?" l1e asked. 8. "Уон coнld Jeпd me

:/;

some mопеу, coнldл't уон?" he asked те. 9. ''Ugl1!" sl1e said, as sl1e stepped

 

:z

iпto tl1e пшd. 10. "Damп! l've twisted my thнmb," she said. 11. "Ol1 dear! I

пever tгavel оп traiпs tl1at Jeave from platfoпn 13! lt's ап uпlнcky пumber,'' she

~!

 

cried. 12. "Tl1e teac!1er gave me tl1e wroпg mark, didп't sl1e?" l1e said.

 

Exercise 111

 

Traпslate iпto Eпglisl1.

 

1. Мы хотели знать, кто будет нашим классныl\1 руководителем на сле­

 

дующий год. 2. Учитель спросил Аню, почему она пропустила первый

 

урок. 3. Я спросил Лену, пошла бы она со мной в кино, если бы я пригла­

 

сил ее. 4. Я спросил Колю, сколько ему было лет, когда он начал играть

 

в хоккей. 5. Мама хотела знать, следует Нине принимать лекарство два

 

или три раза в день. 6. Я спросил женщину, сколько лет было ее сыну,

 

когда она начала учить его кататься на коньках. 7. Мать надеялась, что

 

сын вернется через неделю. 8. Директор сказал, что не разрешает менять

 

расписание. 9. Мама сказала, чтогости приедут в субботу, а сейчас только

 

пятница. 10. УсiИтельница сказала, что мы можем провалиться на экза­

 

мене, если не повторим все правила. 11. Олег не мог понять, что говорит

 

учитель. 12. Она сказала полчаса назад, что ее сын приезжает ровно в

 

три. Значит, он будет здесь через час. 13. Мне хотелось бы знать, кто

 

рассказал вам об этом замечательном романе. 14. Пассажирам велели

 

пристегнуть ремни. 15. Мальчику велели не перебивать взрослых.

 

16. Учитель предупредил учащихся, спобы они не засиживались поздно

 

накануне экзаменов. 17. Пассажиров просят не курить в автобусе.

 

18. Тренер предложил, чтобы все приняли участие в соревнованиях. 19. Я

 

спросил Лену, пригласили ли ее на вечер.

 

Exercise IV

 

Traпslate iпto Eпglis\1.

 

l. В нашем классе новый мальчик. Он сказал, что он болгарин по наци­

 

ональности. Он сказал, что в Болгарии почти не бывает снега и поэтому

 

он не умеет кататься на коньках. Неля сказала, что она его научит.

 

2. Когда мама уходила, она сказала, что вернется позднее, чем обычно,

196

потому что у нее много работы. Папа сказал, что он, возможно, тоже

вернется позднее, так как у них будет собрание и, потом, он слишком

занят, чтобы приходить вовремя. Я сказал, что я приду позднее всех,

потому что у нас соревнования по шахматам, но, если я приду раньше

их, я приготовлю ужин. Мама вздохнула и сказала, что она постарается прийти пораньше.

Exercise V

Traпslate iпto Englisl1.

1. Знаете ли вы, что мы не пришли ни к какому решению? 2. Я был уве­ рен, что он может повторить эти предложения слово в слово. 3. Отец не

думал, что он выберет эту комнату. 4. Все знали, что мы не приедем в воскресенье. 5. Наш учитель сказал, что для успешного изучения ино­

странных языков нужна хорошая память. 6. Мальчик надеялся, что

его возьмут в цирк. 7. Я не была уверена, что подготовлюсь к докладу

завтра. 8. Я чувствовал, что она на меня сердится. 9. Она думала, что он работает, и поэтому не вошла в ком нату. 1О. Он сообщил, что взял билет на самолет в Адлер. 11. Он заявил, что не поедет с ним. 12. Он обещал сыну, что они проведут лето на юге. 13. Она напомнила мне, что я соби­ ралась навестить тетушку. 14. Она заметила, что ремонт квартиры сле­ дует делать летом. 15. Он уверял нас, что езда на мотоцикле совсем не

опасна.

Exercise Vl

Translate into Eпglish.

1.Мы решили, что в следующее воскресенье мы nокатаемся на лодке.

2.Он признал, что его брат гребет лучше, чем он. 3. Он думал, что в вос­ кресенье он сможет посетить больную. 4. Мы предполагали, что скоро встретимся. 5. Он утверждал, что я ошибаюсь. 6. Они сказали, что ни­ когда здесь раньше не бывали. 7. Она спросила меня, нравятся ли мне эти песни. 8. Она спросила, где и когда я купила этот журнал. 9. Она

спросила, слышатшли я этотроманс раньше. 10. Он сказал, что предпо­

читает послушать что-нибудь классическое. 11. Командир приказал сол­ датам строиться. 12. Председатель призвал собравшихся соблюдать ти­ шину. 13. Секретарша попросила нас немного подождать. 14. Мы

ответили, что никогда не согласимся на изменение программы соревно­

ваний. 15. Он попросил ее повторить адрес. 16. Я очень просил их не

делать этого. 17. Он воскликнул, что целую вечность не видел нас.

~,r;

7.

t-

-::;;

i..:..J

v

2

;..:-{

о

:.;.J

(/)

L:..J

=

.....

197

~

~

::

~

~

<

;r:

<:

~

:""т.:

(/";

-

....J

v

z

:...;)

The Voice

There are two voices in English: the active voice and the passive voice. lf the subject is the doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice:

She speaks German.

1always repeat the words a/oud.

lfthe subject is the receiver ofthe action, the verb is in the passivevoice:

The exercise was written Ьу the pupi/ very quick/y. The picture is painted Ьуа famous artist.

The Formation of the Passive Voice

r=Yo Ье+ Participle 11 1

<1

.

 

 

 

 

·

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tense.

 

 

 

Passive

.......·. ·.·.·

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present

am

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ф

 

is

 

 

asked

 

 

 

 

are

 

 

 

 

 

 

а.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Е

Past

was

 

 

asked

 

 

 

сп

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

were

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future

will

 

 

beasked

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(/)

Present

am

 

 

being asked

 

 

 

 

 

is

 

 

 

::;,

 

 

 

 

 

о

 

are

 

 

 

 

 

::;,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

с:

Past

 

 

 

 

 

 

:;:;

was

1

beingasked

 

 

с:

 

 

 

о

 

were

 

 

 

 

 

(.)

Future

-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

....

Present

have

1

beenasked

 

 

(J

 

has

 

 

 

~

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

had been asked

 

 

 

ф

 

 

 

а.

Future

will have been asked

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The passive is formed byusing the propertense oftheverb to Ье + Participle 11. The Present Perfect Continuous, the Past Perfect Continuous, the Future Continuous are not used in the passive.

198

........

 

 

·.

.••.·. Active Voice ....

. Passive Voice

.

'-'

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-··

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

с

Present

 

They ask questions

Questions are asked at

 

 

 

 

>

Simple

 

atthe lesson.

thelesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present

 

They are asking

Questions are being

 

 

 

Continuous

 

QLJestions now.

asked now.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PastSimple

 

They asked questions

Questions were asked at

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

atthe lesson.

thelesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

 

Theywere asking

Questionswere being

 

 

 

Continuous

 

questionsatthe lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future

 

Theywill ask questions

Questions will Ье asked

 

 

 

Simple

 

atthe lesson.

atthe lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present

 

They have asked

Questions have been

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Perfect

 

questions at. the lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Past

 

They had asked

Questions had been

 

 

 

Perfect

 

questions at the lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Future

 

Theywill have asked

Questions will have been

 

 

 

Perfect

 

questions atthe lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Present

 

They should ask

Questions should Ье

 

 

 

 

lnfinitive

 

questions at the lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Perfect

 

They should have asked

Questions should have

 

 

 

 

lnfinitive

 

questionsatthe lesson.

been asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-ing form

 

Не likes people asking

Не likes questions being

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

questions at the lesson.

asked at the lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Perfect

 

Having asked questions...

Questions having been asked ...

 

 

 

-ing form

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modals+be

 

You must ask questions

Questions must Ье asked

 

 

 

+ participle 11

 

atthe lesson.

atthe lesson.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Use of the Passive Voice

The passive is used:

а) when the person who does the action is uпl<nown, unimportant or obvious from the context:

The door had been /ocked ( unknown doer of the action).

199

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]