- •Part three
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •4. Summarize the issue presented in the text.
- •3.2 B. Listening and Watching
- •1. Check the statement that summarizes the commentator's viewpoint.
- •2. Read the following questions and answers. Listen to the commentary again and circle the best answer.
- •3. For discussion
- •3.2 C. Live and Let the Others Live
- •1. Read the article
- •Based on the article by Jon Bowermaster1
- •2. Find the words meaning the same in text.
- •3. Match the words that collocate.
- •4. Authors can have different viewpoints, but their opinions can sometimes be similar. Read the statements below and say whether Trefil and or Bowermaster would agree with them.
- •5. After you have distinguished the opinions of the commentator and the author, express your own opinions on the above statements.
- •3.2 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. “All Creatures Great and Dying” is an allusion to Biblical all creatures great and small.
- •2. Match the following allusions with their meaning.
- •3. Replace the italicized words with one of the discussed allusions.
- •4. Use allusions from the list above no more than once in completing the sentences below.
- •5. Choose the word that best completes each of the sentences.
- •6. Explain the meaning of the following animal idioms and use them in the sentences, change the form if necessary.
- •3.2 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Complete the sentences with the terms from the previous exercise.
- •3.3 B Words in Context
- •1. Tick the word closest in meaning to that of the each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning.
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •Indoor pollution
- •3.3 C. Economics and Ecology
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Read the four questions below and answer them after listening to the first part of the interview.
- •3. Match the words from the second part of the interview with their explanations.
- •4. Listen to the second part of the interview about eco-efficiency label. And answer the questions below.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.3 E. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
- •2. Make the sentences more formal using the words from the previous exercise instead of the underlined ones. Make any other necessary changes to produce a correct sentence.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the following expressions from the box.
- •4. What do the words in the bold mean? Match the words with their explanations. Answer the questions that follow.
- •5. Study the following expressions and match the two parts of the sentences containing these expressions.
- •6. Use the words in the box once each to complete the paragraph below.
- •3.3 F. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.4 B. Strive to Thrive
- •1. Read the article.
- •In Time for a Divine Comedy4
- •2. Match the following words from the article with their explanation.
- •3. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements? If there is no evidence, decide what the article really says.
- •4. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •5. We can infer the writer's views on certain aspects of medieval and modern life by his choice or words.
- •6. Which of these statements would the writer agree with?
- •6. Find the following sentences in the article. What does each sentence comment on? Which sentences express approval and which express disapproval?
- •7. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.4 C. Listening and Watching
- •1. Say whether the statements are true or false, according to what Prof. Abrahams says.
- •2. Discuss the following questions:
- •3.4 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Guess the meaning of the following words and match them with their definitions.
- •4. Choose the three best answers to fill the gap in each sentence.
- •3.4 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.5 B Genetic Engineering
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions connected with genetic engineering.
- •3. Look at the title of the article and comment on the interplay of words.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Revise the active vocabulary. Complete the text with the words from the boxes.
- •3.6 Reading Selection
- •Vocabulary
- •Divert – to change the direction or purpose of sth: diverted traffic; divert sth into; divert attention/criticism; divert people – entertain them; diverting (adj) – entertaining and amusing.
- •1. Find the words and expressions which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. For discussion
- •By Masha Gessen
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article which mean the same.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Scan the text as quickly as possible to find where these ideas are mentioned. Read the article and decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •2. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •3. Scientific texts often look more complicated than they really are. Look at the article in this section again and note down any 'difficult' scientific words or expressions.
- •4. The opening sentence of the text suggests that there are other 'nightmare scenarios'. What scenarios is the writer probably referring to?
- •By Dick Thompson
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following phrases.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the information provided by the writer.
- •5. For Discussion
- •By Joseph t.Straub and Raymond f.Attner
- •Voicing Concerns
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions.
- •3. Choose the most suitable answer.
- •4. Summarize the article.
- •5. For discussion
- •By Nancy Shute
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article meaning the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the arguments provided by the writer.
- •5. For discussion
- •Vocabulary
- •2. According to the article, genetic engineering has already been used to modify the following foods:
- •3. Decide where the following sentences should go in the article.
- •4. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements?
- •5. Would you say the writer of this article has done the following?
- •6. Which arguments in the article do you sympathize with?
- •7. Write a short paragraph summarizing your views.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the equivalents in the article.
- •3.8 Panel Discussion
- •3.9 Creative Consolidation
- •1. Project-Making
3.2 E. Creative Consolidation
1. Make a synthetic review of Bowermaster’s article and Trefil’s commentary, supporting it with the information derived from other sources.
2. Write an essay “Economic might vs. Ecologic right”.
3.3 Raise the Issue
➢ What is “sustained development”? What are its preconditions?
3.3 A. Sustainability
➢ What can the results of the neglectful attitude to the sustainability on the part of the society be?
1. Read the text paying special attention to the terms in bold and explain them.
We are all in the same boat, so you shouldn’t turn a blind eye to the ecological problems in the most distant parts of the globe as the fragile ecological balance could be disrupted and repercussions could be far-reaching.
Sustainability is the idea that the economy should be organized in ways that can be continued without causing irreversible damage to the environment or depletion of natural resources, so that the ability of the planet to reproduce and support life can be sustained.
Businesses should be run not for short-term profit, but in a way that takes account of the long-term interests of the society and the environment.
Developing countries are trying to attain living standards of the industrialized world. Some scientists warn that the world’s natural resources are not sufficient for it. Others argue that renewable, non-polluting energy resources such as wind power will allow further economic growth without causing damage to the environment. Probably nuclear energy still has a role to play.
For any economy it’s essential to manage natural resources efficiently. For example, deep-sea fishing has to be done in a way that maintains fish stocks and avoids overfishing. Ideally, those engaged in logging that causes deforestation should have an incentive to maintain future timber stocks through reafforestation. These industries should be run in ways that are sustainable – in ways that maintain resources that they rely on.
Today companies are more concerned with environmental or green issues. That’s why some of them try to greenwash – to give a more favorable impression than is justified by the real facts.
2. Complete the sentences with the terms from the previous exercise.
1. Illegal ………… could accelerate degradation or even cause ……………, which has affected more than 9.8 million acres of forest in the past 30 years.
2. Fishermen are being encouraged to catch alternative fish species because ………… has caused ………. of the stocks to near-collapse.
3. The country’s society is maturing and adopting a model of economic development that balances economic growth, social justice and the ………… use of ………… .
4. They accuse multinational companies of “………….” – polishing up their images on environmental issues with brochures and advertising campaigns.
5. Many politicians are keen to revive research into renewable …………… like solar and wave power.
3.3 B Words in Context
1. Tick the word closest in meaning to that of the each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning.
belligerent (adj) Usually peaceful and gentle Esteban becomes belligerent whenever the question of animal extinction arises.
Belligerent means a. overly casual b. quarrelsome c. confused
commensurate (adj) The developers who endangered the local water supply by dumping poisonous wastes in the landfill did not get a punishment that was commensurate with their reprehensible act: they had to pay only a small fine.
Commensurate means a. essential b. delayed c. consistent
dissipate (v) After twenty minutes of meditation, I find that the stresses of my day have dissipated, and I am relaxed enough to enjoy the evening.
Dissipate means a. blend b. scatter c. assemble
imperative (adj) It’s imperative to help people learn more about environment protection.
Imperative means a. impossible b. difficult c. essential
integral (adj) Careful attitude to natural resources is an integral part of sustained development.
Integral means a. essential b. very small c. predicted
mitigate (v) Ecology-friendly approach to farming includes actions to mitigate grievous effects of indiscriminate usage of pesticides for the environment.
Mitigate means a. relieve b. worsen c. reveal
nonchalant (adj) Sara’s calm, casual style seems to be an inherent part of her personality. She remains nonchalant in tense situations that would make most people distraught.
Nonchalant means a. coolly unconcerned b. anxious c. angry
noxious (adj) The entire office building had to be evacuated when noxious fumes started coming out of the air vents and dozens of workers got sick.
Noxious means a. potential b. unhealthy c. impossible
subversive (adj) For the Green Party supporters logging of forests is a subversive act.
Subversive means a. faithful b. blameless c. destroying
unprecedented (adj) Recent period has been marked by unprecedented growth of environmental awareness, which has caused a greater demand for recycled paper.
Unprecedented means a. unheard-of b. unprejudiced
c. controversial
utilitarian (adj) In deciding which over-the-counter medicine to take, it’s important to use a utilitarian approach. Choose a drug for the specific purpose it serves, and don’t rely on any one drug as a panacea.
Utilitarian means a. unique b. practical c. expensive
vindicate (v) People falsely accused of crimes often have to spend a great deal of money on legal fees in order to vindicate themselves.
Vindicate means a. prove innocent b. make a commitment
c. weaken
yen (n) While the word “yen” can refer to a strong desire for anything, to many people it has the specific connotation of a sharp longing for a particular food.
Yen means a. longing b. disapproval c. memory