- •Part three
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •4. Summarize the issue presented in the text.
- •3.2 B. Listening and Watching
- •1. Check the statement that summarizes the commentator's viewpoint.
- •2. Read the following questions and answers. Listen to the commentary again and circle the best answer.
- •3. For discussion
- •3.2 C. Live and Let the Others Live
- •1. Read the article
- •Based on the article by Jon Bowermaster1
- •2. Find the words meaning the same in text.
- •3. Match the words that collocate.
- •4. Authors can have different viewpoints, but their opinions can sometimes be similar. Read the statements below and say whether Trefil and or Bowermaster would agree with them.
- •5. After you have distinguished the opinions of the commentator and the author, express your own opinions on the above statements.
- •3.2 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. “All Creatures Great and Dying” is an allusion to Biblical all creatures great and small.
- •2. Match the following allusions with their meaning.
- •3. Replace the italicized words with one of the discussed allusions.
- •4. Use allusions from the list above no more than once in completing the sentences below.
- •5. Choose the word that best completes each of the sentences.
- •6. Explain the meaning of the following animal idioms and use them in the sentences, change the form if necessary.
- •3.2 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Complete the sentences with the terms from the previous exercise.
- •3.3 B Words in Context
- •1. Tick the word closest in meaning to that of the each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning.
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •Indoor pollution
- •3.3 C. Economics and Ecology
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Read the four questions below and answer them after listening to the first part of the interview.
- •3. Match the words from the second part of the interview with their explanations.
- •4. Listen to the second part of the interview about eco-efficiency label. And answer the questions below.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.3 E. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
- •2. Make the sentences more formal using the words from the previous exercise instead of the underlined ones. Make any other necessary changes to produce a correct sentence.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the following expressions from the box.
- •4. What do the words in the bold mean? Match the words with their explanations. Answer the questions that follow.
- •5. Study the following expressions and match the two parts of the sentences containing these expressions.
- •6. Use the words in the box once each to complete the paragraph below.
- •3.3 F. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.4 B. Strive to Thrive
- •1. Read the article.
- •In Time for a Divine Comedy4
- •2. Match the following words from the article with their explanation.
- •3. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements? If there is no evidence, decide what the article really says.
- •4. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •5. We can infer the writer's views on certain aspects of medieval and modern life by his choice or words.
- •6. Which of these statements would the writer agree with?
- •6. Find the following sentences in the article. What does each sentence comment on? Which sentences express approval and which express disapproval?
- •7. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.4 C. Listening and Watching
- •1. Say whether the statements are true or false, according to what Prof. Abrahams says.
- •2. Discuss the following questions:
- •3.4 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Guess the meaning of the following words and match them with their definitions.
- •4. Choose the three best answers to fill the gap in each sentence.
- •3.4 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.5 B Genetic Engineering
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions connected with genetic engineering.
- •3. Look at the title of the article and comment on the interplay of words.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Revise the active vocabulary. Complete the text with the words from the boxes.
- •3.6 Reading Selection
- •Vocabulary
- •Divert – to change the direction or purpose of sth: diverted traffic; divert sth into; divert attention/criticism; divert people – entertain them; diverting (adj) – entertaining and amusing.
- •1. Find the words and expressions which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. For discussion
- •By Masha Gessen
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article which mean the same.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Scan the text as quickly as possible to find where these ideas are mentioned. Read the article and decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •2. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •3. Scientific texts often look more complicated than they really are. Look at the article in this section again and note down any 'difficult' scientific words or expressions.
- •4. The opening sentence of the text suggests that there are other 'nightmare scenarios'. What scenarios is the writer probably referring to?
- •By Dick Thompson
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following phrases.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the information provided by the writer.
- •5. For Discussion
- •By Joseph t.Straub and Raymond f.Attner
- •Voicing Concerns
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions.
- •3. Choose the most suitable answer.
- •4. Summarize the article.
- •5. For discussion
- •By Nancy Shute
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article meaning the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the arguments provided by the writer.
- •5. For discussion
- •Vocabulary
- •2. According to the article, genetic engineering has already been used to modify the following foods:
- •3. Decide where the following sentences should go in the article.
- •4. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements?
- •5. Would you say the writer of this article has done the following?
- •6. Which arguments in the article do you sympathize with?
- •7. Write a short paragraph summarizing your views.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the equivalents in the article.
- •3.8 Panel Discussion
- •3.9 Creative Consolidation
- •1. Project-Making
3. Complete the sentences with the following expressions from the box.
non-renewable resources, discharge, dispose, effluent, monitor, carcinogenic, protection of natural environment, toxic emissions, environmental pollution, radioactivity |
1. In recent years the quest for economic growth has increasingly come up against a concern for the………………………………………...
2. Ecologists are concerned about the consumption of…………………………………, the creation of waste, and the pollution of the land, sea and air.
3. The scientists believe that companies should minimize ……………………………….
4. Companies should not pollute the air with …………………..from chimneys or with …………..– toxic liquids that they ………………….into rivers or the sea.
5. Companies should ………………of waste in more acceptable ways.
6. Nuclear power plants are required to ………… levels of radioactivity in the air and water around them, but critics say that even minimum levels of …………… are unacceptable.
7. Some pollutants are…………………, causing cancer.
8. Many ………………………….people advocate imposing stringent regulations to compel companies to limit pollution.
4. What do the words in the bold mean? Match the words with their explanations. Answer the questions that follow.
Recycling
Recycling, the recovery and re-use of various materials, is an environmentally friendly approach to using scarce resources. Not only products should be recyclable – the European Union, for example, has regulations about the percentage content of products and packaging that must be reused and recycled. Household and industrial waste should also be recycled. Supporters of recycling say that it’s imperative that we should stop messing up the environment and salvage refuse. Dumping waste in landfills cannot continue indefinitely and burning waste in incinerators is also environmentally damaging.
a machine designed to burn things at a very high temperature in order to destroy them;
unwanted materials or substances that are left after you have used sth;
designed not to harm natural environment;
used materials put through a special process so that they can be used again;
limited in number and amount;
pollute, affect in a damaging way;
to save rubbish from damage and destruction for the subsequent recycling and re-use;
the practice of burying waste under the soil, or the waste buried in this way, a place where this waste is buried;
the amount of substance in a container;
getting rid of sth that you no longer need in a most careless way.
● Is packaging always necessary or is it just one of the sales gimmicks?
● Is excessive packaging confined only to luxuries? Give your own examples. (For example, to get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking)
● The most popular packaging containers are made of plastic. What is the impending threat to the environment? (The trouble with the plastic is that it doesn’t rot)
5. Study the following expressions and match the two parts of the sentences containing these expressions.
To know more about environmental issues
Environmental credentials – evidence that you care about environment
Environmental degradation – damage to environment
Environmental devastation – severe damage to the environment
Environmental lobby – pressure groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth
Environmental standards – rules that companies and government authorities should follow in relation to the environment
1. He led a political campaign against the company , saying its oil production caused environmental |
a. lobby, this type of plastic is such a dangerous substance to manufacture and dispose of that it should be banned. |
2. According to the environmental |
b. credentials, there are several household cleaning products that will cause less damage to the environment, but are likely to cost slightly more. |
3. If you really want to shoe your environmental |
c. devastation in the area. |
4. The project will boost Brazilian efforts to fight environmental |
d. standards, the amount of household waste is growing more slowly than the economy as a whole. |
5. In the richest countries with the toughest environmental |
e. degradation in the Amazon basin. |