- •Part three
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •4. Summarize the issue presented in the text.
- •3.2 B. Listening and Watching
- •1. Check the statement that summarizes the commentator's viewpoint.
- •2. Read the following questions and answers. Listen to the commentary again and circle the best answer.
- •3. For discussion
- •3.2 C. Live and Let the Others Live
- •1. Read the article
- •Based on the article by Jon Bowermaster1
- •2. Find the words meaning the same in text.
- •3. Match the words that collocate.
- •4. Authors can have different viewpoints, but their opinions can sometimes be similar. Read the statements below and say whether Trefil and or Bowermaster would agree with them.
- •5. After you have distinguished the opinions of the commentator and the author, express your own opinions on the above statements.
- •3.2 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. “All Creatures Great and Dying” is an allusion to Biblical all creatures great and small.
- •2. Match the following allusions with their meaning.
- •3. Replace the italicized words with one of the discussed allusions.
- •4. Use allusions from the list above no more than once in completing the sentences below.
- •5. Choose the word that best completes each of the sentences.
- •6. Explain the meaning of the following animal idioms and use them in the sentences, change the form if necessary.
- •3.2 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Complete the sentences with the terms from the previous exercise.
- •3.3 B Words in Context
- •1. Tick the word closest in meaning to that of the each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning.
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •Indoor pollution
- •3.3 C. Economics and Ecology
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Read the four questions below and answer them after listening to the first part of the interview.
- •3. Match the words from the second part of the interview with their explanations.
- •4. Listen to the second part of the interview about eco-efficiency label. And answer the questions below.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.3 E. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
- •2. Make the sentences more formal using the words from the previous exercise instead of the underlined ones. Make any other necessary changes to produce a correct sentence.
- •3. Complete the sentences with the following expressions from the box.
- •4. What do the words in the bold mean? Match the words with their explanations. Answer the questions that follow.
- •5. Study the following expressions and match the two parts of the sentences containing these expressions.
- •6. Use the words in the box once each to complete the paragraph below.
- •3.3 F. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.4 B. Strive to Thrive
- •1. Read the article.
- •In Time for a Divine Comedy4
- •2. Match the following words from the article with their explanation.
- •3. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements? If there is no evidence, decide what the article really says.
- •4. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •5. We can infer the writer's views on certain aspects of medieval and modern life by his choice or words.
- •6. Which of these statements would the writer agree with?
- •6. Find the following sentences in the article. What does each sentence comment on? Which sentences express approval and which express disapproval?
- •7. Discuss the following questions.
- •3.4 C. Listening and Watching
- •1. Say whether the statements are true or false, according to what Prof. Abrahams says.
- •2. Discuss the following questions:
- •3.4 D. Vocabulary in Focus
- •1. Complete the text with the words from the box.
- •2. Answer the following questions.
- •3. Guess the meaning of the following words and match them with their definitions.
- •4. Choose the three best answers to fill the gap in each sentence.
- •3.4 E. Creative Consolidation
- •2. Write the word next to its definition. The sentences in the previous exercise will help you decide on the meaning of each word.
- •3. Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once.
- •3.5 B Genetic Engineering
- •1. Read the article.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions connected with genetic engineering.
- •3. Look at the title of the article and comment on the interplay of words.
- •4. Answer the following questions.
- •5. Discuss the following questions.
- •2. Revise the active vocabulary. Complete the text with the words from the boxes.
- •3.6 Reading Selection
- •Vocabulary
- •Divert – to change the direction or purpose of sth: diverted traffic; divert sth into; divert attention/criticism; divert people – entertain them; diverting (adj) – entertaining and amusing.
- •1. Find the words and expressions which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. For discussion
- •By Masha Gessen
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article which mean the same.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Scan the text as quickly as possible to find where these ideas are mentioned. Read the article and decide whether the statements are true or false.
- •2. There are a number of questions or unfinished sentences below. Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d.
- •3. Scientific texts often look more complicated than they really are. Look at the article in this section again and note down any 'difficult' scientific words or expressions.
- •4. The opening sentence of the text suggests that there are other 'nightmare scenarios'. What scenarios is the writer probably referring to?
- •By Dick Thompson
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following phrases.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the information provided by the writer.
- •5. For Discussion
- •By Joseph t.Straub and Raymond f.Attner
- •Voicing Concerns
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words in the article which mean the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions.
- •3. Choose the most suitable answer.
- •4. Summarize the article.
- •5. For discussion
- •By Nancy Shute
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the words and expressions in the article meaning the same.
- •2. Explain the meaning of the following expressions.
- •3. Answer the following questions.
- •4. Comment on the title of the article summarizing the arguments provided by the writer.
- •5. For discussion
- •Vocabulary
- •2. According to the article, genetic engineering has already been used to modify the following foods:
- •3. Decide where the following sentences should go in the article.
- •4. What evidence is there in the article for the following statements?
- •5. Would you say the writer of this article has done the following?
- •6. Which arguments in the article do you sympathize with?
- •7. Write a short paragraph summarizing your views.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the equivalents in the article.
- •3.8 Panel Discussion
- •3.9 Creative Consolidation
- •1. Project-Making
3.8 Panel Discussion
Do you think environmental restrictions on industry should be abolished or relaxed if this leads to the creation of jobs? Or Do you think that environmental restrictions on industry should be strengthened even if this leads to unemployment?
3.9 Creative Consolidation
1. Project-Making
Devise an environmentally friendly enterprise. Remember about community benefits. Be ready to present it to the municipal committee and speak about its advantages – ecological, social and economic. Take into account the population profile of the community (old age pensioners, young families, high proportion of the unemployed etc.)
2. Write a 350-word essay supporting one of the following theses. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement. Support your views with the reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or readings.
1. Government should establish regulations to reduce or eliminate any suspected health hazards in the environment, even when the scientific studies of these health hazards are incomplete or contradictory.
2. Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.
3. It is unrealistic to expect individual nations to make independently the sacrifices necessary to conserve energy. International leadership and worldwide cooperation are essential if we expect to protect the world’s energy resources for future generations.
4. With the increasing emphasis on a global economy and international cooperation, people need to understand that their role as citizens of the world is more important than their role as citizens of a particular country.
5. The best way to preserve the natural environment is to impose penalties – whether fines, imprisonment, or other punishments – on those who are most responsible for polluting or otherwise damaging it.
6. The primary responsibility for preventing environmental damage belongs to the government, not to individuals or private industry.
7. In general people are not as concerned as they were a decade ago about regulating their intake of red meat and fatty cheeses. Vegetarian restaurants are still making a modest living but the owners of “the houses of beef” are millionaires.
8. Because of recent advancements in business and technology, the overall quality of life in most societies has never been better than at the present time.”
9. It is essential that the nations of the world increase spending on the building of the space stations and on the exploration of other planets, even if that means spending less on other government programs.
10. Technology ultimately separates and alienates people more than it serves to bring them together.
11. The automobile has caused more problems than it has solved. Most societies would probably be much better off if the automobile had never been invented.
12. Some people claim that the growth of mass media has stifled intellectual curiosity. Others however, argue that the availability of so much information and entertainment has encouraged individuals to expand their intellect and creativity.
1 From Rolling Stone, May 3, 1990, By Straight Arrow Publishers, Inc. 1992.
2 Based on “Dirty Work Ahead” by kay Itoi, B.J. lee, MICHAEL LARIS, barbara KOH, Newsweek, December 8, 1997,”Heavy Weather: How Procrastination and Politics Hobble Action on Climate Change” by Fiona Harvey, Financial Times, December 6, 2005, “For Sale: a License to Pollute” by Leyla Boulton, Financial Times, 1996.
3 Persons dissatisfied with the methods of modern medicine or with the results sometimes seek help from those professing expertise in other, less conventional, and sometimes controversial, forms of health care, which are often called traditional, alternative or complementary medicine. Such practitioners are not medically qualified. Numerous persons also seek out some form of faith healing to cure their ills, sometimes as a means of last resort.
4 Based on Peter Ustinov “In Time for a Divine Comedy”, the European and John Collee “Psychobabble”, the Observer, Simon Greenall, Diana Pye, CAE Reading Skills, Cambridge University Press, 1996, pp. 101-109; Christine Gorman “ Vitamin Overload”, Time, November 10, 1997.
5 Neonatal – relating to the first weeks of a baby’s life.
6 The articles in this section reflect the position of their writers and do not necessarily coincide with the stance of the author of this book.