Participle II

1. The morphological characteristics

2. Participle II has one form: asked, written, sent, which may denote the action simultaneous with the action of the verb-predicate or prior to it.

This is the letter written by you yesterday. (письмо написанное— a prior action)

Put down some words written with a final y in English. (которые пишутся — simultaneousness)

3. Participle II of objective verbs is always passive in meaning: the broken cup, the closed door, etc.

3.1. The syntactical characteristics. Participle II has the following functions in the sentence:

3.2. An attribute

Look at that broken cup.

Look at the cup broken by you.

3.2.2. The predicative

He felt disappointed.

She was expensively dressed.

3.2.3. An adverbial modifier

a. of time

When asked he always helped me.

b. of cause

Occupied by his thoughts he didn't hear my question.

c. of condition (usually with the conjunction if or unless) ,

If asked he always helped me.

d. of concession (usually with the conjunction though)

Though occupied by his thoughts, he willingly answered my question.

e. of comparison

He looked at me, as if bewildered by my question.

3.2.4. A part of the complex object

The complex object consists of a noun in the common case or a pro­noun in the objective case and participle II. The complex object with par­ticiple II is used after:

(1) verbs with a causative meaning (to have, to get, to make) denoting that something is done or made for the benefit of the person expressed by the subject

I had my hair cut.

Negative and interrogative sentences are formed with the help of the auxiliary verb do.

When did you have your hair cut?

(2) the verb of sense perception (to see, to hear, to feel, to find)

When I returned I found her gone.

3) the verbs denoting wish (to wish, to like, to want, to prefer)

I want the letter posted at once. Exercises

1. Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the function of participle II. Consult 3.2.1.- 3.2.3.

1. This speech was received with great applause, mixed with the cries of: 'That's the talk!" (Cron.) 2. Mr Wrenn, startled, dropped his hat. (P.W.) 3. Rosie looked round with delight at the great dark smoky house, crowded to the ceiling with the inhabitants of South London. (S.M.) 4. Carried away by the melody, Marie went so far as to dance a step or two herself. (F.W.) 5. "Let's skate again," she said, "shall we? With crossed hands." (Bates) 6. He seemed calmed arid at peace. (P.W.) 7. I took her hands in mine: she held my sprained wrist gently. (Bates) 8. These two people seem extraordinary interested in Mon Repos. (A.Chr.) 9. She seemed pleased at Jane's gra­ciousness and complimentary sayings. (A.Chr.) 10. Surrounded by difficul­ties and uncertainty, he longed for Christine. (Cron.) II. Sam looked up re­lieved. Dear Old Bates was standing in the lighted doorway. (P.W.) 12. I had been seated at the desk a long time, lost in thought. (H.R.) 13. They had gazed sadly on the pitted surface of the once smooth lawn. (A.Chr.)

2. Read and translate the following sentence. Speak on the verbs after which complex objects are used.

1. I found the room furnished with a Spartan simplicity. (N.Sh.) 2. ...I even heard it suggested that be might get the Foreign Office. (S.M.) 3. But a week later, feeling himself betrayed, hysterical and in terror, Herbert be­trayed his wife. (Maltz) 4. As he ate the cottage pie that was his portion he felt Blodwen's eye fastened on him... (Crort.) 5. We'll have supper sent up to the suite. (A.Chr.) 6. About ten minutes later he heard the front door shut. (A.Chr.) 7. Perhaps she refused to have him sent for because she knew he would refuse to come. (S.M.) 8. ...then I want to have my fortune told. (A.Chr.) 9. I'll take you to have your hair cut now. (Less.) 10. ...he looked up and saw the stars sprinkled above the plane-trees of the square. (Lind.) II. I should very much like it made clear to me. (A.Chr.)