- •Contents
- •Загальні відомості
- •Texts and spoken activity
- •1. My Family My Family Tradition
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Is it important to have a friendly and united family? Explain your answer. What role does a friendly and united family play in your life?
- •2. Apartment Description
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Imagine that you are a realtor. Make up a dialogue with a customer and try to convince him/her to buy a little flat not far from the city centre.
- •3. My Working Day Small Business Efficiency: Improve Office Efficiency
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7 Tips To Enjoy Your Day Off`
- •Vocabulary practice
- •13 Ways to spend a day off without leaving the house
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. A Holiday Hosting a Holiday Party?
- •Is it the Season for Giving?
- •It is Better to Give – Real Gifts
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. My University East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7. Going Abroad Getting Through Customs
- •Vocabulary practice
- •8. Ukraine – Our Motherland
- •Vocabulary practice
- •9. At the hotel Choosing a Hotel
- •Vocabulary practice
- •10. A Business Appointment Top 7 Ways To Recover When You Miss a Business Appointment
- •Vocabulary practice
- •11. A Business Talk Business Appointment Success or Failure
- •Vocabulary practice
- •12. The Economy of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •13. Travelling by Railway Rail Travel in the usa
- •Vocabulary practice
- •14. At the Booking-office Online Air Ticket Booking
- •Vocabulary practice
- •15. Cities and Towns of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •16. Discussing a Contract
- •10 Things you need to know before entering into a contract
- •1. Know the Other Party
- •Vocabulary practice
- •17. Outstanding People of Ukraine
- •Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky
- •Vocabulary practice
- •25. At the Restaurant Restaurant and Dinner Party Manners and Etiquette
- •In a restaurant:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •How To Successfully Taste Wine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Grammar exercises
- •3) Put in was or were into the gaps.
- •4) Put in was or were into the gaps.
- •6) Choose the correct present tense form of the verb to have for each sentence:
- •7) Choose the verb to be or to have for each sentence:
- •2) Write the correct possessive pronoun for each sentence:
- •3) Fill in each blank with the correct reflexive pronoun:
- •3) Choose the correct response:
- •1) Fill There is or There are in the gaps below.
- •2) Add there is or there are to the following sentences.
- •3) Fill in all the gaps
- •1) Fill in the blanks with much/many or a few/a little.
- •2) Decide whether you have to use little or few.
- •3) Underline the correct word from each sentence :
- •1) Define the right variant.
- •2) Choose the right modal verb.
- •3) Insert the appropriate modal verb.
- •4) Rewrite these sentences using must or can't
- •1) Rewrite each of the following sentences, omitting the underlined preposition which precedes the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
- •2) Rewrite each of the following sentences, inserting the preposition to before the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
- •3) Use the words in brackets to fill the gaps.
- •1) Choose the correct verb for each sentence and put it into the simple past:
- •2) Put the verbs into the Past Simple tense.
- •3) Put the verbs into the Past Simple tense.
- •1) Insert some or any.
- •2) Insert some or any.
- •3) Insert some or any.
- •1) Put in the verbs in brackets as Present Participle into the gaps.
- •2) Choose which verb tense (present/past simple or continuous) fits better.
- •3) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •4) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •1) Fill in each blank space with the correct past participle for each verb.
- •2) Choose which verb tense (simple past or present perfect) fits better.
- •3) Choose the right answer
- •1) Make each of the following sentences grammatically negative.
- •2) Put the verb in brackets into Future (will or going to).
- •1) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.
- •2) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense Past Perfect or Simple Past.
- •3) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense.
- •1) Choose the right answer.
- •2) Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •3) Put the verb in brackets into the right tense. In some cases alternatives are possible.
- •1) Build sentences from the given words bellow.
- •2) Put the verb in brackets into the correct form in the gap after the verb. Where no verb is given, put one of the following linking words into the gaps.
- •The Unlucky Burglar
- •3) Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate form of the future in the past.
- •1) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words.
- •2) These are typical questions that a mum gets asked every day. Peter is asking his mum loads of questions. Please read the explanation to "Reported Speech" beforehand if you aren't too sure.
- •3) Complete the sentences in the Reported Speech. Pay attention to the change of Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns and Verbs.
- •1) Fill in the spaces with the right modal verbs.
- •2) Use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill each gap.
- •3) Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
- •2) Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb like in the example.
- •3) Choose the right variant.
- •1) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence – type I. Only use the will-future in the main clauses.
- •2) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence – type I. Only use the will-future in the main clauses. Mind the negations in the sentences.
- •3) Fill in all the gaps.
- •1) Translate into Russian using the Complex Object.
- •2) Translate into English using the Complex Object.
- •Texts for additional reading
- •1. My family values
- •2. Efficiency Around the Office
- •3. How to Organize a Holiday Office Party: Holiday Party Planning Tips
- •4. Essential Business Trip Planning
- •5. Planning a Successful Business Lunch
- •6. Ten Economic Freedoms of Ukraine
- •Investment Freedom – 30.0
- •7. Five common ticketing errors – and how to avoid them
- •8. Outstanding People of Ukraine
- •9. The Art of Choosing a Good Restaurant
- •U sed literature
- •R ecommended resources
Vocabulary practice
Exercise 1. Fill in the correct word from the word list. Match each phrase with the best translation on the right. Make up sentences (affirmative, negative and interrogative) with these phrases.
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COMPREHENSION CHECK
Exercise 2. Read the sentences and say if they are True or False. Prove the statement or correct it.
1. Even if the business is not properly registered in the state, you can sign a contract without any hesitations. |
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2. You have to know exactly what you are paying or getting paid, when the money is due, how it is to be paid, where it is being paid to. |
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F |
3. Time frames for delivery of the product or service can be varied. |
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F |
4. Specify the condition of the product or service. |
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F |
5. Most contracts contain reliable information about getting out of them. |
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F |
6. It’s important to get more accurate information about an automatic renewal. |
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F |
7. There are no ways to obtain compensation for defaults outside of the contract. |
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SPEAKING
Exercise 3.
Imagine that your father is nervous because he is going to sign a very important contract. Retell him this article and pay his attention to the most significant things to know before entering into a contract.
What is your opinion about marriage (nuptial) contract? Would you like to draw up such contract with your future husband/wife?
17. Outstanding People of Ukraine
Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky
Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky's father, Yakov Vasilievich Bunyakovsky, was a colonel. Bunyakovsky was first educated at home and then went abroad, obtaining a doctorate from Paris in 1825 after working under Cauchy. Bunyakovsky submitted three doctoral theses in the spring of 1825. The first two were submitted together: Rotary motion in a resistant medium of a set of plates of constant thickness and defined contour around an axis inclined with respect to the horizon and Determination of the radius-vector in elliptical motion of planets. The third Heat propagation in solids was submitted later and accepted three weeks after the first two.
In 1826 Bunyakovsky left Paris and returned to St Petersburg. In this he played an important role in the development of mathematics in the Russian Empire for he brought back with him an expertise in applying Cauchy's theory of residues which were at that time unknown in the Russian Empire. He also brought French probabilistic ideas which formed a basis for the development of probability in the Empire prior to the work of Chebyshev.
Bunyakovsky studied and taught in St. Petersburg for many years. He taught at a number of different institutions in St. Petersburg, including the First Cadet Corps, the Communications Academy and later the Naval Academy. The courses he offered were on mathematics and mechanics. He was a professor at the University in St. Petersburg from 1846 until 1880. His scientific research work, however, was not done at these institutions, but was carried out at the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Two years after his return to St Petersburg from Paris, Bunyakovsky became an adjunct in mathematics at the Academy, then he was named an extraordinary academician in 1830 (here extraordinary means the same as in the German system, the equivalent of an associate professor in the present American system). Then in 1841 he was promoted to an ordinary academician at the Academy. In 1864 he became vice-president of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences, a post which he held until his death.
Bunyakovsky published over 150 works on mathematics and mechanics. He is best known for his discovery of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, published in a monograph in 1859 on inequalities between integrals. This is twenty-five years before Schwarz's work. In the monograph Bunyakovsky gave some results on the functional form of the inequality. There are many reasons why certain theorems are not named after their discoverer but after a later rediscoverer. However, in the case of Bunyakovsky there seems no good reason at all why he should not have the credit for his discovery. One would have to note, however, that the terminology of mathematics is not universal and in some countries his theorem is correctly named, or named after Cauchy, Bunyakovsky and Schwarz. A history of the Cauchy–Bunyakovsky–Schwarz inequality is given in.
Bunyakovsky worked on number theory, geometry and applied mathematics. His work in number theory was important and he gave a new proof of Gauss's law of quadratic reciprocity. Dickson, in his book on the history of number theory, gives 40 references to papers of Bunyakovsky. In 1846 Bunyakovsky wrote a number theory work in which he gave an original exposition of this science and its application to insurance and demography.
Bunyakovsky also worked on geometry. In 1853 he examined Euclid's fifth postulate, giving a critical account of previous attempts to prove it. He then attempted his own proof, unaware that Lobachevsky had invented non–Euclidean geometry 25 years before and, although it was published, it had been rejected by Ostrogradski when it had been submitted for publication in the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
His work in applied mechanics and hydrostatistics are probably not his most important, but are still a good contribution to the subject. His 1846 book on probability Foundations of the mathematical theory of probability is usually recognised as providing the development of Russian probabilistic terminology. Bunyakovsky's book also attempts to make Laplace's Théorie analytique des probabilites (1812) more accessible.
Bunyakovsky is remembered in many ways other than for the formula which fails to bear his name. A medal and prize was instituted by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1875 for outstanding mathematical work. For example Voronoy is one of the recipients of the prize.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Source: http://turnbull.dcs.st–and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Bunyakovsky.html
Word List:
Cauchy – матем. Коши;
Submit – [səb'mɪt] – представлять на рассмотрение;
Rotary – ['rəut(ə)rɪ] – ротационный, поворотный, вращающийся;
Motion – ['məuʃ(ə)n] – движение, перемещение;
Resistant – [rɪ'zɪst(ə)nt] – прочный, резистентный; устойчивый
Axis – ['æksɪs] – ось, осевая линия;
Incline – ['ɪnklaɪn] – наклонять, наклонная плоскость;
Determination – [dɪˌtɜːmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n] – вычисление, определение, стремление;
Heat – [hi:t] – тепло, тепловая энергия;
Propagation – [prɔpə'geɪʃ(ə)n] – распространение;
Solids – хим. сухое вещество, сухой остаток;
Residue theory – мат. теория вычетов;
Naval – ['neɪv(ə)l] – военно-морской;
Carry out – фраз. гл. выполнять, осуществлять;
Adjunct – ['æʤʌŋ(k)t] – редк. помощник, адъюнкт;
Cauchy–Schwarz inequality – неравенство Буняковского;
Gauss's law – теорема Гаусса;
Quadratic reciprocity – квадратичная взаимность;
Rejected – [rɪ'ʤektɪd] – отвергать, отклонять;
Attempt – [ə'tempt] – пытаться, стараться, стремиться, делать попытку;
Non–Euclidean geometry – неевклидова геометрия;
Probabilistic – вероятностный;