- •Contents
- •Загальні відомості
- •Texts and spoken activity
- •1. My Family My Family Tradition
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Is it important to have a friendly and united family? Explain your answer. What role does a friendly and united family play in your life?
- •2. Apartment Description
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Imagine that you are a realtor. Make up a dialogue with a customer and try to convince him/her to buy a little flat not far from the city centre.
- •3. My Working Day Small Business Efficiency: Improve Office Efficiency
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7 Tips To Enjoy Your Day Off`
- •Vocabulary practice
- •13 Ways to spend a day off without leaving the house
- •Vocabulary practice
- •5. A Holiday Hosting a Holiday Party?
- •Is it the Season for Giving?
- •It is Better to Give – Real Gifts
- •Vocabulary practice
- •6. My University East Ukraine Volodymyr Dahl National University
- •Vocabulary practice
- •7. Going Abroad Getting Through Customs
- •Vocabulary practice
- •8. Ukraine – Our Motherland
- •Vocabulary practice
- •9. At the hotel Choosing a Hotel
- •Vocabulary practice
- •10. A Business Appointment Top 7 Ways To Recover When You Miss a Business Appointment
- •Vocabulary practice
- •11. A Business Talk Business Appointment Success or Failure
- •Vocabulary practice
- •12. The Economy of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •13. Travelling by Railway Rail Travel in the usa
- •Vocabulary practice
- •14. At the Booking-office Online Air Ticket Booking
- •Vocabulary practice
- •15. Cities and Towns of Ukraine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •16. Discussing a Contract
- •10 Things you need to know before entering into a contract
- •1. Know the Other Party
- •Vocabulary practice
- •17. Outstanding People of Ukraine
- •Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky
- •Vocabulary practice
- •25. At the Restaurant Restaurant and Dinner Party Manners and Etiquette
- •In a restaurant:
- •Vocabulary practice
- •How To Successfully Taste Wine
- •Vocabulary practice
- •Grammar exercises
- •3) Put in was or were into the gaps.
- •4) Put in was or were into the gaps.
- •6) Choose the correct present tense form of the verb to have for each sentence:
- •7) Choose the verb to be or to have for each sentence:
- •2) Write the correct possessive pronoun for each sentence:
- •3) Fill in each blank with the correct reflexive pronoun:
- •3) Choose the correct response:
- •1) Fill There is or There are in the gaps below.
- •2) Add there is or there are to the following sentences.
- •3) Fill in all the gaps
- •1) Fill in the blanks with much/many or a few/a little.
- •2) Decide whether you have to use little or few.
- •3) Underline the correct word from each sentence :
- •1) Define the right variant.
- •2) Choose the right modal verb.
- •3) Insert the appropriate modal verb.
- •4) Rewrite these sentences using must or can't
- •1) Rewrite each of the following sentences, omitting the underlined preposition which precedes the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
- •2) Rewrite each of the following sentences, inserting the preposition to before the indirect object, and making the necessary changes in word order. For example:
- •3) Use the words in brackets to fill the gaps.
- •1) Choose the correct verb for each sentence and put it into the simple past:
- •2) Put the verbs into the Past Simple tense.
- •3) Put the verbs into the Past Simple tense.
- •1) Insert some or any.
- •2) Insert some or any.
- •3) Insert some or any.
- •1) Put in the verbs in brackets as Present Participle into the gaps.
- •2) Choose which verb tense (present/past simple or continuous) fits better.
- •3) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •4) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses.
- •1) Fill in each blank space with the correct past participle for each verb.
- •2) Choose which verb tense (simple past or present perfect) fits better.
- •3) Choose the right answer
- •1) Make each of the following sentences grammatically negative.
- •2) Put the verb in brackets into Future (will or going to).
- •1) Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses, then click the "Check" button to check your answers.
- •2) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense Past Perfect or Simple Past.
- •3) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps in the correct tense.
- •1) Choose the right answer.
- •2) Use the correct form of the verb in brackets.
- •3) Put the verb in brackets into the right tense. In some cases alternatives are possible.
- •1) Build sentences from the given words bellow.
- •2) Put the verb in brackets into the correct form in the gap after the verb. Where no verb is given, put one of the following linking words into the gaps.
- •The Unlucky Burglar
- •3) Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate form of the future in the past.
- •1) Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words.
- •2) These are typical questions that a mum gets asked every day. Peter is asking his mum loads of questions. Please read the explanation to "Reported Speech" beforehand if you aren't too sure.
- •3) Complete the sentences in the Reported Speech. Pay attention to the change of Pronouns, Demonstrative Pronouns and Verbs.
- •1) Fill in the spaces with the right modal verbs.
- •2) Use one of the modal verbs in brackets to fill each gap.
- •3) Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
- •2) Fill in the words in brackets as adjective or adverb like in the example.
- •3) Choose the right variant.
- •1) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence – type I. Only use the will-future in the main clauses.
- •2) Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Conditional sentence – type I. Only use the will-future in the main clauses. Mind the negations in the sentences.
- •3) Fill in all the gaps.
- •1) Translate into Russian using the Complex Object.
- •2) Translate into English using the Complex Object.
- •Texts for additional reading
- •1. My family values
- •2. Efficiency Around the Office
- •3. How to Organize a Holiday Office Party: Holiday Party Planning Tips
- •4. Essential Business Trip Planning
- •5. Planning a Successful Business Lunch
- •6. Ten Economic Freedoms of Ukraine
- •Investment Freedom – 30.0
- •7. Five common ticketing errors – and how to avoid them
- •8. Outstanding People of Ukraine
- •9. The Art of Choosing a Good Restaurant
- •U sed literature
- •R ecommended resources
Vocabulary practice
Exercise 1. Find the synonyms to the following words from the word list:
1. uncertain, 2. critical, pressing, 3. limitation, control, 4. come close to, 5. unexpected, spontaneous, 6. possibility, chance, 7. conditions, 8. appropriate.
COMPREHENSION CHECK
Exercise 2. Read the sentences and say if they are True or False. Prove the statement or correct it.
1. You can afford to be late in 15 min. |
T |
F |
2. Let the prospect know how much time you will need to make your sales presentation. |
T |
F |
3. If your prospect doesn’t have enough time it is better to re-schedule the appointment. |
T |
F |
4. Try to be polite, friendly and attentive to your prospect. |
T |
F |
5. If your introduction was successful, the business card won’t help you. |
T |
F |
6. "Cold calling" is a method which is usually used in the last resort. |
T |
F |
7. A personal card could be quite beneficial. |
T |
F |
8. Don’t pay attention to someone else, for example a friend of the prospect, except the person you made the appointment with. |
T |
F |
9. If the friend is busy or shows indifference to you, try to interest him and talk to both of them anyway. |
T |
F |
SPEAKING
Exercise 3. Discuss the following questions in a group:
What would you feel if your partner missed a business appointment? Would you change your opinion about him?
In what way would you explain your hour late to your boss? Would you tell the truth (that you haven’t heard your alarm-clock)? Or not? Why?
12. The Economy of Ukraine
The economy of Ukraine is an emerging free market, with a gross domestic product that has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Ukraine's economy is ranked 33rd in the world according to 2007 GDP (PPP).
Formerly a major component of the economy of the Soviet Union (both in industry and agriculture), country's economy experienced major recession during the 1990s, including hyperinflation and drastic falls in economic output; GDP growth was first registered in 2000, and reforms are continuing. In 2007 the economy continued to grow and posted real GDP growth of 7%.
Overview
Ukraine has many of the components of a major European economy – rich farmlands, a well-developed industrial base, highly trained labour, and a good education system. At present, however, the economy remains in poor condition. While Ukraine registered positive economic growth starting from 2000, this came on the heels of eight straight years of sharp economic decline. As a result, the standards of living for most citizens has declined more than 50% since the early 1990s, leading to a relatively high poverty rates. The macroeconomy is stable, with the hyperinflation of earlier in the decade having been tamed. Ukraine's currency, the hryvnia, was introduced in September 1996, and has remained fairly stable. The economy started growing in 2000, and growth has continued. GDP in 2000 showed strong export-based growth of 6% – the first growth since independence – and industrial production grew 12.9%. The economy continued to expand in 2001 as the real GDP rose 9% and industrial output grew by over 14%. Growth of 4.6% in 2002 was more moderate, in part a reflection of faltering growth in the developed world. In general, growth has been under girded by strong domestic demand, low inflation, and solid consumer and investor confidence. Growth was a sturdy 9.3% in 2003 and a remarkable 12% in 2004, despite a loss of momentum in needed economic reforms.
Ukraine is relatively rich in natural resources, particularly in mineral deposits. Although oil reserves in the country are largely exhausted, it has other important energy sources, such as coal, natural gas, hydroelectricity and nuclear fuel raw materials.
Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing cast iron, steel and pipes. As of 2005, Ukraine was the world's seventh largest steel producer. Another important branch is the country's chemical industry which includes the production of coke, mineral fertilizers and sulfuric acid. Manufactured goods include metallurgical equipment, diesel locomotives, tractors, automobiles. The country possesses a massive high-tech industrial base, including much of the former USSR's electronics, arms industry and space program. However, these fields are state-owned and underdeveloped in terms of business practices.
Ukraine is a major producer of grain, sugar, meat and milk products
Since the late 1990s, the government has pledged to reduce the number of government agencies, streamline the regulatory process, create a legal environment to encourage entrepreneurs, and enact a comprehensive tax overhaul. Outside institutions – particularly the IMF – have encouraged Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms and have threatened to withdraw financial support. But reforms in some politically sensitive areas of structural reform and land privatizations are still lagging.
Ukraine encourages foreign trade and investment. The Parliament of Ukraine has approved a foreign investment law allowing Westerners to purchase businesses and property, to repatriate revenue and profits, and to receive compensation if the property is nationalized by a future government. However, complex laws and regulations, poor corporate governance, weak enforcement of contract law by courts, and corruption all continue to stymie direct large-scale foreign investment in Ukraine. While there is a functioning stock market, the lack of protection for shareholders' rights severely restricts portfolio investment activities. Total foreign direct investment in Ukraine is approximately $17.4 billion (17.4 G$) as of April 2006, which, at $371 per capita. Much reform is still needed, in order to stabilize the investment climate.
Most of Ukrainian trade is conducted with Russia and the European Union. An overcrowded world steel market threatens prospects for Ukraine's principal exports of non-agricultural goods such as ferrous metals and other steel products. Although exports of machinery and machine tools are on the rise, it is not clear if the rate of increase is large enough to make up for probable declines in steel exports, which today account for 46% of the country's overall exports.
Ukraine imports 90% of its oil and most of its natural gas. Russia ranks as Ukraine's principal supplier of oil, and Russian firms now own and/or operate the majority of Ukraine's refining capacity. Natural gas imports come from Russia – which delivers its own gas, as well as the gas from Turkmenistan. Instead, Ukraine is transporting Russian gas to EU through its well-developed gas pipelines system, being Europe's vitally important connection. The country's dependence on Russian gas supplies dramatically affects its economics and foreign policy, especially after the recent major gas dispute.
However, Ukraine is independent in its electricity supply, moreover, exporting it to Russia and other countries of Eastern Europe. This is achieved through a wide use of atomic energy and hydroelectricity. The recent energy strategy intends gradual decreasing of gas- and oil-based generation in favor of nuclear power, as well as energy saving measures, shortening of industrial gas consuming. Reform of the still inefficient and opaque energy sector is a major objective of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank programs with Ukraine.
In 1992, Ukraine became a member of the IMF and the World Bank. It is a member of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. In 2008 the country joined World Trade Organization. Ukraine applied for WTO membership in 1993, but its accession process was stalled for 15 years.
A political crisis in the middle of 2006 was feared as a threat to economic and investment stability, however, despite the forecasts, the political situation has not scared investors. The GDP has shown a good growth rate of 7% in 2007, compared to the previous year. Industrial output has increased. Car sales soared, while the banking sector has expanded, thanks to the arrival of European banks.
Environmental Issues
Ukraine is interested in cooperating on regional environmental issues. Conservation of natural resources is a stated high priority, although implementation suffers from a lack of financial resources. Ukraine established its first nature preserve, Askania-Nova, in 1921 and has programs to breed endangered species.
The country has significant environmental problems, especially those resulting from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in 1986 and from industrial pollution. In accordance with its previously announced plans, Ukraine permanently closed the Chernobyl Atomic Energy Station in December of 2000. In November of 2001, Ukraine withdrew an application it had made to the EBRD for funding to complete two new reactor units to compensate for the energy once produced by Chernobyl. Ukrainian concern over reform conditions attached to the loan – particularly tariff increases needed to ensure loan repayment-led the Ukrainian government to withdraw the application on the day the EBRD Board was to have considered final approval. Work on the so-called "object shelter" to permanently entomb the reactor where the world's worst nuclear accident occurred has been slower than anticipated but continues. Design work as well as structural improvements to the "sarcophagus" erected by the Soviet Union were largely complete, and construction on the new shelter are scheduled to begin in 2004.
Ukraine also has established a Ministry of Environment and has introduced a pollution fee system that levies taxes on air and water emissions and solid waste disposal. The resulting revenues are channelled to environmental protection activities, but enforcement of this pollution fee system is lax.
Source: http://tour2kiev.com/en/economy.html
Word list:
Emerging – [ɪ'mɜːʤɪŋ] – развивающийся, начинающий существование;
Gross domestic product – [grəus] – валовый внутренний продукт;
Recession – [rɪ'seʃ(ə)n] – эк. регресс, спад; снижение, падение (производства, спроса на товары, цен и т.п.)
Drastic – ['dræstɪk] – решительный, резкий, крутой;
Labour – ['leɪbə] – труд; рабочий класс, рабочая сила;
Decline – [dɪ'klaɪn] – упадок; ухудшаться, снижаться;
Tame – [teɪm] – приручённый, одомашненный; безвольный, робкий;
Moderate – ['mɔd(ə)rət] – умеренный, посредственный (о качестве), приемлемый;
Faltering – ['fɔːlt(ə)rɪŋ] – запинающийся, нерешительный, нетвёрдый, неуверенный;
Gird – [gɜːd] – рывок, бросок; резкое движение;
Domestic demand – [dɪ'mɑːnd] – внутренний спрос;
Solid – ['sɔlɪd] – надёжный, солидный; единодушный, единогласный;
Consumer – [kən'sju:mə] – потребитель;
Sturdy – ['stɜːdɪ] – прочный, крепкий;
Raw material – [rɔː] – сырьё;
Ferrous metals – ['ferəs] – чёрные металлы;
Cast iron – [,kɑːst'aɪən] – чугун;
Coke – [kəuk] – кокс;
Fertilizer – ['fɜːtɪlaɪzə] – удобрение;
Sulfur – ['sʌlfə] – сера, sulfuric acid – серная кислота;
Pledge – [pleʤ] – отдавать в залог, закладывать; обещать, клясться;
Streamline – ['stri:mlaɪn] – упрощать, рационализировать;
Entrepreneur – [,ɔntrəprə'nɜː] – бизнесмен, делец, предприниматель;
Enact – [ɪ'nækt], [en'–] – юр. определять, устанавливать в законодательном порядке;
Overhaul – [,əuvə'hɔːl] – тщательно исследовать, произвести проверку, совершенствовать;
Pace – [peɪs] – шаг; темп;
Scope – [skəup] – границы, рамки, предел;
Withdraw – [wɪð'drɔː] – гл.прош. вр. withdrew, отнимать, забирать, отказываться;
Lagging – ['lægɪŋ] – запаздывание;
Revenue – ['rev(ə)nju:] – выручка, государственные доходы;
Shareholder – ['ʃɛə,həuldə] – акционер;
Per capita – [pə'kæpɪtə] – на человека, на душу населения;
Overall – ['əuvərɔːl] – полный, всеобщий;
Rank – [ræŋk] – амер. превосходить по чину, званию;
Refine – [rɪ'faɪn] – очищать (от примесей), рафинировать; повышать качество;
Capacity – [kə'pæsətɪ] – возможность, мощность, производительность;
Opaque – [ə'peɪk ] – непрозрачный, тёмный;
Stall – [stɔːl] – останавливаться, стопориться;
Soar – [sɔː] – подъём вверх;