- •Передмова
- •Lesson 1
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Chemical engineering and chemistry
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Objective and Subjective Infinitive Constructions:
- •8. Pick up the key words from the text “Chemical engineering and chemistry”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •9. Write an abstract to the text “Chemical engineering and chemistry”.
- •10. Get ready for presenting the topic “Chemical engineering and chemistry” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on questions of Task 4. Lesson 2
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Unit operations in chemical engineering
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the terms denoting unit operations from the table below:
- •7. Match the columns to make up word combinations and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •8. Translate into English using a technical dictionary:
- •9. Pick up the key words from the text “Unit operations in chemical engineering”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •10. Write an abstract to the text “Unit operations in chemical engineering”.
- •11. Get ready for presenting the topic “Unit operations in chemical engineering” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on the following questions of Task 4. Lesson 3
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
- •Industrial dryers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •7. Point out the sentences containing information directly from the text:
- •8. Point out the word combinations with Participial constructions. Define the type of the Participle.
- •8. Pick up the key words from the text “Industrial dryers”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •9. Write an abstract to the text “Industrial dryers”.
- •10. Get ready for presenting the topic “Industrial dryers” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on the following questions of Task 4. Lesson 4
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Filtration and filters
- •3. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •6. Change the following sentences according to the model.
- •Lesson 5
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Centrifuges
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Change the following sentences according to the model:
- •6. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the word “since”:
- •7. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false
- •8. Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •Lesson 6
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Mixing and blending
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text and translate these word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •6. Choose the correct grammar form for each sentence:
- •6. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false explain why:
- •Lesson 7
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: Heat exchangers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •7. Which of the following sentences from the text contain the Passive Voice forms? Explain how you define these forms.
- •6. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false explain why:
- •Lesson 8
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: Crushers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Match the words to make up possible word combinations:
- •6. Try to put these words in the right order and make a sentence:
- •7. Say if the statement is true or false. If the statement is false give the correct answer:
- •8. Read the following text. Retell it to a partner:
- •9. Open the brackets choosing the correct form of the Participles. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Lesson 9
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Grinders
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false
- •6. Сhoose the correct item to complete the following statements:
- •5. Match the words to make up possible word combinations and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •7. Find out the sentences containing gerundial constructions and define the function of Gerund:
- •Lesson 10
- •Reading strategies
- •Writing abstracts
- •Особливості перекладу науково-технічного тексту
8. Point out the word combinations with Participial constructions. Define the type of the Participle.
1. the most frequently encountered chemical engineering operations
2. to be bolted together depending on the importance of the seams
3. to be used for removing moisture from substances
4. shared characteristics
5. fluidized spray dryers
6. anticipated product
7. materials brought into direct contact with hot air
8. moisture caused to evaporate by jets of hot steam
9. dryers made from stainless steel
10. to precise quality standards regarding particle size distribution
8. Pick up the key words from the text “Industrial dryers”. Make up your own sentences with them.
9. Write an abstract to the text “Industrial dryers”.
10. Get ready for presenting the topic “Industrial dryers” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on the following questions of Task 4. Lesson 4
1. Read and memorize the following word and word combinations:
|
by interposing |
шляхом установки |
|
recovery |
відновлення |
|
for the sake of … |
для, для того, щоб… |
|
to purify |
очищувати |
|
in respect to |
у відношенні до |
|
mixture |
суміш |
|
slurry |
суспензія |
|
septum |
септа, перегородка |
|
to accumulate |
накопичуватися |
|
filter cake |
осад після фільтрування |
|
continuous filter |
неперервний фільтр, аналоговий фільтр |
|
intermittent filter |
імпульсний фільтр |
|
interruption |
зупинка, перерва |
|
rotary drum filter |
ротаційний барабанний фільтр |
|
soluble |
розчинний компонент |
|
clarified effluent |
очищений потік |
|
sticky |
липкий, клейкий |
|
sludge |
відстій |
|
unit |
агрегат |
|
to designate |
визначати |
|
to discharge |
розгрузити, звільнити |
|
filter medium |
фільтруюче середовище |
3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Filtration and filters
In many industrial processes it is necessary to separate finely divided solid materials from liquids. Filtration is a mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. Filtration is also important and widely used as one of the unit operations of chemical engineering. It may be simultaneously combined with other unit operations to process the feed stream. The process of filtration consists in passing the liquid through a porous medium, which retains the solid particles. In some cases the recovery of the solid material is the main object; in others the filtration is done for the sake of purifying the liquid.
The mixture to be separated is called the slurry: the fluid that passes through the septum is called the filtrates and the septum is called the filter medium, and the equipment assembly that holds the medium and provides space for the accumulated solids is called a filter. The fluid may be a gas or a liquid. The solid particles may be very fine, and their concentration in the suspension may be extremely low (a few parts per million) or quite high (>50%).
When the separated solids accumulate in amounts that visibly cover the medium, they are called the filter cake or simply the cake.
Filter media are manufactured from cotton, wool, linen, silk, glass fibre, porous carbon and other solids, rayons and other synthetics, porous rubber, etc. Many types of filters are in use today. They differ in respect to the various materials which are available for filtration, and the construction of the apparatus in which these are applied.
Filters used in chemical processing are classified into two distinct groups: continuous and intermittent. Filters that operate without interruption for weeks to months are classified as continuous filters. The main types are the rotary drum and disk filters and various horizontal designs.
Rotary drum filters are the most widely used continuous filters in the chemical process industries. The design provides means for concentrating slurry solids to dry (moist) cakes, washing solubles from such cakes when required, and producing a clarified effluent.
Many design configurations have been developed to utilize most effectively the basic principle for the varying filtration characteristics of slurries, ranging from extremely fine particles to very coarse particles (50 - 150 mm) and from thin, sticky cakes to thick, fairly dry sludges. These filters are used in some form in practically every process operation involving slurries where solids must be recovered from the liquor for further processing.
Rotary disk filter is a version of the rotary drum filter. A series of parallel disks provides vertical filtering surfaces in place of the cylindrical surface on the rotary drum. Thus, the rotary-disk unit provides more filter area (up to 3.5 times) than a drum type. When the filtering surface operates in a horizontal plane, the filter is designated as a horizontal type.
Filters whose continued vibration is limited by their solid-collecting capacity are known as intermittent filters. Their cycle must be interrupted periodically when the solids accumulation has to be discharged.