- •Передмова
- •Lesson 1
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Chemical engineering and chemistry
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Objective and Subjective Infinitive Constructions:
- •8. Pick up the key words from the text “Chemical engineering and chemistry”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •9. Write an abstract to the text “Chemical engineering and chemistry”.
- •10. Get ready for presenting the topic “Chemical engineering and chemistry” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on questions of Task 4. Lesson 2
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Unit operations in chemical engineering
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •6. Fill in the gaps using the terms denoting unit operations from the table below:
- •7. Match the columns to make up word combinations and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •8. Translate into English using a technical dictionary:
- •9. Pick up the key words from the text “Unit operations in chemical engineering”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •10. Write an abstract to the text “Unit operations in chemical engineering”.
- •11. Get ready for presenting the topic “Unit operations in chemical engineering” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on the following questions of Task 4. Lesson 3
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian:
- •Industrial dryers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •7. Point out the sentences containing information directly from the text:
- •8. Point out the word combinations with Participial constructions. Define the type of the Participle.
- •8. Pick up the key words from the text “Industrial dryers”. Make up your own sentences with them.
- •9. Write an abstract to the text “Industrial dryers”.
- •10. Get ready for presenting the topic “Industrial dryers” at the conference ”Innovations in Science and Engineering” based on the following questions of Task 4. Lesson 4
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Filtration and filters
- •3. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •6. Change the following sentences according to the model.
- •Lesson 5
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Centrifuges
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Change the following sentences according to the model:
- •6. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the word “since”:
- •7. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false
- •8. Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •Lesson 6
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Mixing and blending
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Fill in the gaps with the words from the text and translate these word combinations into Ukrainian:
- •6. Choose the correct grammar form for each sentence:
- •6. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false explain why:
- •Lesson 7
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: Heat exchangers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Choose the correct continuation to complete the following statements:
- •7. Which of the following sentences from the text contain the Passive Voice forms? Explain how you define these forms.
- •6. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false explain why:
- •Lesson 8
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: Crushers
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Match the words to make up possible word combinations:
- •6. Try to put these words in the right order and make a sentence:
- •7. Say if the statement is true or false. If the statement is false give the correct answer:
- •8. Read the following text. Retell it to a partner:
- •9. Open the brackets choosing the correct form of the Participles. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •Lesson 9
- •2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
- •3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian. Grinders
- •4. Answer the questions to the text:
- •5. Say if the following statements are true or false. If the statement is false
- •6. Сhoose the correct item to complete the following statements:
- •5. Match the words to make up possible word combinations and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •7. Find out the sentences containing gerundial constructions and define the function of Gerund:
- •Lesson 10
- •Reading strategies
- •Writing abstracts
- •Особливості перекладу науково-технічного тексту
Lesson 8
1. Read and memorize the following words:
|
crusher |
дробарка |
|
to break |
подрібнювати |
|
downtime |
непродуктивна витрата часу |
|
to dispose |
утилізувати |
|
to recycle |
переробляти |
|
mill |
млин |
|
reliability |
надійність |
|
querns |
ручний млин |
2. Read and memorize the following word combinations:
|
to compress material |
стиснення матеріалу |
|
solid mix |
тверда суміш |
|
waste materials |
відходи |
|
raw material |
сировина |
|
to resist deformation |
не піддаватися деформації |
|
jaw crusher |
щокова дробарка |
|
coarse material |
крупнозернистий матеріал |
|
higher production |
висока продуктивність |
|
cone crusher |
конусна дробарка |
|
rotating speed |
швидкість обертання |
|
crushing chamber |
камера подрібнення |
3. Read and translate the text into Ukrainian: Crushers
A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw materials (as in rock ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated.
Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly, and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that its molecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each other. The earliest crushers were hand-held stones, where the weight of the stone provided a boost to muscle power, used against a stone anvil. Querns and mortars are types of these crushing devices.
In industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials. Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with primary and secondary crushers handling coarse materials, and tertiary and quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. Each crusher is designed to work with a certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Crushers are used to reduce particle size enough so that the material can be processed into finer particles in a grinder. A typical circuit at a mine might consist of a crusher followed by a SAG mill followed by a ball mill. In this context, the SAG mill and ball mill are considered grinders rather than crushers.
In operation, the raw material (of various sizes) is usually delivered to the primary crusher's hopper by dump trucks, excavators or wheeled front-end loaders. A feeder device such as a conveyor or vibrating grid controls the rate at which this material enters the crusher, and often contains a preliminary screening device which allows smaller material to bypass the crusher itself, thus improving efficiency. Primary crushing reduces the large pieces to a size which can be handled by the downstream machinery.
Some crushers are mobile and can crush rocks (as large as 16 in), concrete and asphalt into material as it is driven over material on road surface, thus removing the method of hauling oversized material to a stationary crusher and back to road surface. They are used, for example in road constructions.
For the most part advances in crusher design have moved slowly. Jaw crushers have remained virtually unchanged for sixty years. More reliability and higher production have been added to basic cone crusher designs that have also remained largely unchanged. Increases in rotating speed, have provided the largest variation. For instance, a 48 inch cone crusher manufactured in 1960 may be able to produce 170 tons/h of crushed rock, whereas the same size cone manufactured today may produce 300 tons/h. These production improvements come from speed increases and better crushing chamber designs.
The largest advance in cone crusher reliability has been seen in the use of hydraulics to protect crushers from being damaged when uncrushable objects enter the crushing chamber. Foreign objects, such as steel, can cause extensive damage to a cone crusher, and additional costs in lost production. The advance of hydraulic relief systems has greatly reduced downtime and improved the life of these machines.