4. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What does drying signify?

2. What are main methods of drying?

3. What shared characteristics do industrial dryers have?

4. What are dryers essential for?

5. What is the principle of action of air dryers?

6. What do flash dryers use to dry materials?

7. What dryers rely on electromagnetic radiation from a certain segment of the wavelength?

8. What is spray drying highly suited for?

5. Complete the word combinations according to the context and translate them into Ukrainian:

	Ukrainian translation
1. particular method of __________
2. intake and output __________
3. water treatment and paper _________
4. direct contact with hot __________
5. a short intense burst of heat _________
6. steam up through a perforated plate__________
7. to dry solid materials quickly and without __________
8. to flash dry and __________

6. Match the words from the text with their synonyms on the right:

1) moisture	a) production	1)
2) method	b) flood	2)
3) characteristic	c) movement	3)
4) utilize	d) expected	4)
5) manufacturing	e) vapor	5)
6) anticipated	f) feature	6)
7) motion	g) make	7)
8) cause	h) humidity	8)
9) flow	i) use	9)
10) steam	j) way	10)

7. Point out the sentences containing information directly from the text:

1. Because of the variety, there is no single design or model of industrial dryer, though there are some shared characteristics.

2. Fluidized spray dryers are operationally flexible and enable production of a wide range of physical properties and optimum thermal efficiency because of the drying at the low temperature.

3. Flash dryers are extensively used for drying powders and granules, crystalline material.

4. Many dryers are made from stainless steel because it is strong, sanitary and corrosion resistant.

5. All spray dryers use some type of atomizer or spray nozzle to disperse the liquid or slurry into a controlled drop size spray.

6. The three main methods of drying encompass a variety of models that carry out the task in different ways.

7. In chemical synthesis, products are often freeze-dried to make them more stable, or easier to dissolve in water for subsequent use.

8. Spray drying introduces the material to jets of hot steam which causes the moisture to flash dry and evaporate.

9. Air heating increases the driving force for heat transfer and accelerates drying.

10. Every spray dryer consists of feed pump, atomizer, air heater, air disperser, drying chamber, and systems for exhaust air cleaning and powder recovery.