- •Часть 1
- •Часть 1
- •Москва 2010
- •Часть 1
- •1.1 Lead-in
- •1.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •1.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •Background information Environment of Global Finance
- •1.4 Comprehension Understanding the reading
- •Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •In a nutshell, ...
- •Scanning*
- •1.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f). With a partner, discuss why.
- •1.4.3 Scan the text and find the information to complete the following lists:
- •1.4.4 Scan the text again and find the English equivalents for the following:
- •1.4.5 Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary given in brackets:
- •1.5 Practice
- •Word Building
- •1.5.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations: Countries and nationality adjectives
- •1.5.4 A. Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Substitute the words and word combinations given in bold type by synonyms or synonymous expressions from the active.
- •1.6 Dialogue 1
- •Import and Export
- •Supporting materials
- •Incoterms*
- •Trade Restrictions
- •The wto in brief
- •1.7 Case study & role play Case 1
- •1.7.1 Develop the following ideas.
- •1.7.3 Say it in English using the word combinations from both the Case-study and Role-play sections:
- •Appendix
- •1.7.4 Develop the following ideas:
- •1.7.5 Say it in English:
- •1.7.6 A. Find examples that show how trade restrictions affect multinational corporations.
- •Making a Decision
- •1.8 Grammar back up: The Infinitive
- •1. Is the verb followed by a full or bare Infinitive?
- •1.8.1 Insert to before the infinitive where required. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Which verbs are followed by Complex Object?
- •I’d rather not be told the truth.
- •I’ll have you speak English in no time.
- •I hear (that) you have had successful talks.
- •2. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
- •I watched the secretary type a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead.
- •I watched the secretary typing a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead. (I.E. I saw part of the action)
- •1.8.2 Join these pairs of sentences, deciding when to use a bare infinitive or ing.
- •I’ll have you know I’m the company secretary.
- •I’ll have you speaking English in no time.
- •1.8.3 Use the bare infinitive or the -ing form after have in these sentences.
- •4. What is Complex Subject and when do we use it?
- •With the verb “ turn out “.
- •B. Paraphrase the following using a Complex Subject with the verbs in brackets.
- •Revision
- •2 The Firm and Its Environment
- •2.1 Lead-in
- •2.2 Language input
- •Developing vocabulary
- •2.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •2.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •2.3 Background information The Firm and Its Environment
- •Understanding the reading
- •Scanning
- •Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2.4.3 Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary given in brackets:
- •2.4.4 Match each of the phrases on the left with an appropriate explanation on the right. Use the grid below:
- •2.4.6 Scan the text again and find the English equivalents for the following:
- •Practice Language focus
- •2.5.3 A. Read the text, ignoring the missing parts.
- •Word-building
- •2.6 Dialogue 1
- •Types of securities
- •Mergers, Takeovers & Acquisitions
- •Supporting Materials
- •2.7 Case study & role play The Case
- •Chart 2.
- •Making a Decision
- •2.8 Grammar back up: The ing-Form & Past Participle
- •1. When do we use the -ing form?
- •I need a console desk. - I need a trading desk.
- •2. When do we use the Past Participle?
- •2. What form of the participle should be used?
- •3. What forms of participles do we use in the negative meaning?
- •4. When do we use the perfect participle passive?
- •Change the Infinitive in brackets for Perfect Participle (active or passive). Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •5 What do we call misrelated participles?
- •6. What is the meaning of the structure to have (get) something done?
- •7. What participial constructions do the participles build?
- •Do it in Russian
- •Мужчина с портфелем ручной работы вон там – это посредник, представляющий компанию-конкурента.
- •Context
- •Topics for the Power Point presentations:
- •3.1 Lead-in
- •3.2 Language input
- •3.2.1 Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own:
- •3.2.2 Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
- •Environment of Accounting
- •3.4 Comprehension Understanding the reading
- •3.4.1 Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •Scanning
- •3.4.2 Scan the text to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why:
- •3.4.3 Scan the text and find the information to complete the following lists:
- •3.4.4 Scan the text and find the English equivalents for the following:
- •3.4.5 Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary, given in brackets:
- •3.5 Practice
- •Word Building
- •Complete the table with words from the text and related forms. Put a stress mark in front of the stressed syllable.
- •3.5.2 A. Read the text, ignoring the missing parts. Accounting Assumptions and Principles
- •Financial Statements
- •3.5.3 A. Fill in the gaps with the suitable expressions from the box:
- •5.5.4 A. Read the text, give the English equivalents for the words in brackets, and single out the main items of the income statement.
- •Income Statement
- •In eur thousand
- •3.5.5 A. Read the text and single out the main items of the balance sheet.
- •Illustration 5.2.
- •July 31, 200x
- •I. Consider the other parts of the consolidated balance sheet given below. Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column.
- •A. Read the text and supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Illustration 5. 3.
- •3.5.7 Say it in English:
- •5.5.8 A. What do the following abbreviations stand for?
- •3.6 Dialogue 1
- •Jobs in Accounting
- •Supporting Materials
- •Read and translate the following dialogue: Tax Accounting
- •Supporting Materials
- •A Brief Summary of the Activities of the Office of the Auditor General in Norway
- •3.7. Case study& role play Case
- •Discussion questions:
- •Exhibit 1 Sales of the Microcomtec 100
- •Exhibit 2 Microcomtec’s Balance Sheet as of December 2000
- •Discussion questions:
- •Interoffice Memorandum
- •Making a Decision
- •3.8 Grammar back up The Infinitive, Past Participle and the “-ing” form (Revision)
- •Infinitive or the ing-form
- •Infinitive or the ing-form
- •Topics for the Power Point presentations
Supporting Materials
Insider trading is the trading of a corporation's stock or other securities (e.g. bonds or stock options) by individuals with potential access to non-public information about the company. In most countries, trading by corporate insiders such as officers, key employees, directors, and large shareholders may be legal, if this trading is done in a way that does not take advantage of non-public information. However, the term is frequently used to refer to a practice in which an insider or a related party trades based on material non-public information obtained during the performance of the insider's duties at the corporation, or otherwise in breach of a fiduciary19 or other relationship of trust and confidence or where the non-public information was misappropriated from the company.
While "legal" insider trading cannot be based on material non-public information, some investors believe corporate insiders nonetheless may have better insights into the health of a corporation (broadly speaking) and that their trades otherwise convey important information (e.g., about the pending retirement of an important officer selling shares, greater commitment to the corporation by officers purchasing shares, etc.)
Illegal insider trading is believed to raise the cost of capital for securities issuers, thus decreasing overall economic growth. Insider trading cases may be cases against:
Corporate officers, directors, and employees who traded the corporation's securities after learning of significant, confidential corporate developments;
Friends, business associates, family members, and other "tippees" of such officers, directors, and employees, who traded the securities after receiving such information;
Employees of law, banking, brokerage and printing firms who were given such information to provide services to the corporation whose securities they traded;
Government employees who learned of such information because of their employment by the government;
Other persons who misappropriated, and took advantage of, confidential information from their employers.
Reading for Cross-cultural Associations
a. Read the text about new product development.
New product development that coordinates efforts across national markets leads to better products and services, but companies develop products in different countries in markedly different ways.
Japanese companies, for example, tend to believe much more in getting new products to market and then gauging the reaction to them. The product itself may have been developed with reference to observations of present and potential customers rather than conventional market research. US companies on the other hand, tend to use more formal market research methods. And for German companies, product development schedules tend to be more important.
Clearly, companies decide on different launch strategies for different categories of products. Toshiba launched the Digital Video Disk (DVD) in Japan in November 1996, in the US in March 1997 and in Europe in autumn 1997. However, Intel launched its latest PC chips simultaneously in all countries.
The launch decision also includes marketing mix decisions. When Citibank introduced its credit card in the Asia-Pacific region, it launched it sequentially and tailored the product features for each country while maintaining its premium positioning. The promotional, pricing and distribution strategies also differed from country to country.
The introduction of the Internet and Intranets has the potential to accelerate the process of mining all markets for relevant information and for features that can be included in new products. Numerous companies investigate the possibilities of melding product ideas arising from different countries.
Both Marks and Spenser, by selling underwear and pensions, and Virgin, with flights to New York and cans of cola, have seized opportunities for extending their brand names into new areas. But if you stretch a brand too far, the name becomes devalued, as some companies have found to their cost. Brand extension has become valuable in the past five years. During the recession, hard-pressed marketing directors in the food industry offered consumers more choice by adding new flavours, taking out fat or sugar, or moving from one tried and tested category, such as confectionery, to an allied one such as soft drinks. It was a low-risk strategy – it avoided the huge costs of new product development and offered variation on an existing purchase.
Instead of building its own new products, a company can buy another company and its established brands. In the past years we have seen a dramatic flurry of one big company gobbling up another (Nestle absorbed Rowntree Mackintosh, Philip Morris obtained General Foods, Pfizer acquired Pharmacia Corporation, etc.). Such acquisitions can be tricky – the company must be certain that the acquired products blend with its current products and that the firm has the skills and resources needed to continue to run the acquired brands profitably.
In recent years, many companies have used “me-too” product strategies – introducing imitations of successful competing products. Thus Tandy, Sanyo, Compaq and many others produce IBM-compatible personal computers. These “clones” sometimes sell for less than half the price of the IBM models they emulate. Imitation is now fair play for products ranging from soft drinks to toiletries. Me-too products are often quicker and less expensive to develop. But the imitating company enters the market late and must battle a successful, firmly entrenched competitor.
Many companies turn to reviving once-successful brands that are now dead or dying. Reformulating, repositioning an old brand can cost much less than creating new brands. Thus Dannon yogurt sales rocketed as a result of linking it to healthy living; Coca-Cola rejuvenated Fresca by adding NutraSweet and real fruit juices.
b. Draw a parallel between the practice of new product development in different countries. Discuss their advantages and disadvantages.
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Examples |
Advantages
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Disadvantages
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the USA |
Japan |
Germany |
Russia |
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Market research method |
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Launch strategies: |
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Brand extension |
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Acquisition |
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Me-toos |
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Revival of old brands |
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Marketing mix decisions |
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