2. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?

a. The bare infinitive generally refers to the complete action:

I watched the secretary type a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead.

(i.e. from start to finish)

b. The -ing form generally refers to an action in progress:

I watched the secretary typing a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead. (I.E. I saw part of the action)

c. We may use hear, observe, perceive, see in the passive + -ing or a to-infinitive:

She was seen executing the order.

She was seen to execute the order.

d. We may also use Past Participle as a part of Complex object:

The freight forwarders watched the crates loaded.

1.8.2 Join these pairs of sentences, deciding when to use a bare infinitive or ing.

Model 1: Mr. Roberts was examining the furniture. Mr. Thorn saw him.

– Mr. Thorn saw him examining the furniture.

1. She was informing the beneficiaries. I heard her.

I heard _________________________________________________ .

2. The beneficiaries were instructing the bank manager. They were seen.

The beneficiaries were seen ________________________________ .

3. Mr. Roberts was reading the piece of paper stuck on the windscreen. Mr. Thorn saw it.

Mr. Thorn saw ____________________________________________.

4. A man in the transport café was asking what Andersons’ driver was carrying. The barman heard that.

The barman heard ____________________________________.

5. The newcomer was looking through the catalogues very thoughtfully.

Elizabeth Corby noticed that.

Elizabeth noticed _________________________________________.

6. The operators were showing the new machines in operation. The visitors of the exhibition watched it.

The visitors of the exhibition watched _______________________

7. Christopher Thorn was making his comments about the confidential file. Because of the noise in the room nobody heard that.

Nobody heard ____________________________________________.

Model 2: Mr. Roberts examined the furniture. Mr. Thorn saw him.

– Mr. Thorn saw him examine the furniture.

1. The typist said the shipping documents were enclosed. She was heard.

The typist was heard _______________________________________.

2 They discussed the invoice in question. I listened to them.

I listened ______________________________________________ .

3. One of the clerks told a lie. Everybody heard it.

Everybody heard __________________________________________.

4 Fenella made a lot of spelling mistakes in the letters. J.Martin noticed it.

John Martin noticed ________________________________________.

5. The customs officer examined the goods. We saw it.

We saw ________________________________________________.

Model 3: The furniture was examined. Mr. Thorn watched him.

– Mr. Thorn watched the furniture examined.

1. The goods were loaded on the steamer. The ship owner saw it.

The ship owner saw the goods __________________ .

2. The workers packed the crates. I saw it.

I saw the crates ______________ .

3. The captain signed the Bill of Lading. The seller watched it.

The seller watched the Bill of Lading _____________ .

Model 3: Mr. Grant wanted John to comment on the amount spent.

- Mr. Grant asked John to comment on it.

- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary.

- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary to be made.

1. The exporters wanted the beneficiary to draw the irrevocable letter of credit.

2. The seller required the buyer to deliver the gears on FOB terms.

3. I’d like the contractor to provide materials as soon as possible.

4. We ordered the trainee to set the letter of inquiry.

3. What do we use after “have” + object?

a. When we cause someone to do something for us, we use have + object + bare infinitive:

Have the next client come in, please.

We may also use have + know, have + believe: