Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
The ultimate purpose of building techniques is to create a … structure.
Stresses vary according to the … of materials and the … of the member.
The kinds of stresses are … which resists pulling apart, and … , which resists crushing.
… occurs when one part of a member is in compression and the other is in tension.
… elements carry the loads of the upper parts of a building and that of snow, wind and other atmospheric precipitates.
Enclosing units separate the building from the … and give privacy to the … rooms.
Outer walls can form different … according to their position.
Floors divide a building into … .
The most widespread type of … in building practice is a suspended one.
Match the beginnings of the sentences (1 – 7) to their ends (a – g) using the information from the text.
Forces acting on any member of a building are …
Some bearing elements…
The bearing external and internal walls connected with floors form …
Partitions or screens rest on floors and divide …
Windows can be …
Doors can be …
Partitions can be …
may be considered as enclosing units too.
top-hung, sliding, pivoted, revolution and many others.
its own weight and the loads it carries from other members and also from persons, furnishings, wind, etc.
movable, solid, glazed and timber ones or other types and materials.
a building into individual rooms or spaces.
sliding, inner, entrance, folding, casement, French, etc.
a stiff box (framework) which is able to resist horizontal forces.
Define the type of each door and window.
Replace the words and word combinations in italics (a) by their contextual synonyms (b).
A.
The ultimate purpose of building techniques is to create a stable structure opposing to different forces.
Any building consists of some basic structural elements.
Enclosing units separate the building from the environment and give privacy to the adjacent rooms and spaces.
Windows are enclosing elements and serve for lighting and air circulation.
The bearing external and internal walls connected with floors form a stiff box which is able to resist horizontal forces, those of wind, for instance.
B. framework, isolate, construction methods, fundamental, oppose, ventilation, main task.
Answer the questions to the text.
What is the main aim of building techniques?
What are the forces/loads acting upon every element of a building?
What is a stress?
What kinds of stresses do you know?
What types are all the elements subdivided into according to their functions?
What are the load-bearing elements? enclosing units?
What structural elements are there in building practice?
What types of walls do you know?
What are the purposes of windows?
What kinds of windows can you name?
Are doors load-bearing elements? What do they serve for?
What types of doors are there in the building practice?