5. Mark the number of a sentence where "to be" is translated as "должен".

1. The main function is to provide a basement.

2. The prevailing type is the reinforced concrete square footing.

3. Mat footing is to provide a foundation equal to the whole area of the substructure.

4. The problem is to choose a suitable type of a footing.

6. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to different functions of the verb "to be".

1. A foundation is the supporting part of a structure.

2. Foundations are divided into spread and deep foundations.

3. A lighter type is used if the main function is to provide a basement.

4. There is an isolated footing in the new building.

5. The number of students was growing and there were many difficulties with classrooms.

6. Spread foundations are classified into several types.

7. Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.

CAN = to be able (иметь физическую возможность)

MAY = to be allowed (разрешение)

MUST = to have to, to be to, should (долженствование)

1. We must read much. 2. We have to read much. 3. They are to be here in time. 4. You should know all this by heart. 5. He had to guess of one more meaning of this word. 6. We should recognize these international words. 7. You may ask any questions on this problem. 8. Finally we shall be able to read easily. 9. He may come at any moment. 10. You are allowed to use this laboratory. 11. They are note allowed to miss lectures. 12. After school we might work or study. 13. We could enter any institute.

8. Say and write the following sentences in:

a) Past Indefinite; b) Future Indefinite.

Model 1: He must learn the new words.

He had to learn the new words.

He will have to learn the new words.

Model 2: He can skate well.

He could skate well.

He will be able to skate well.

Model 3: You may smoke in the corridor.

You were allowed to smoke in the corridor.

You will be allowed to smoke in the corridor.

1. The reinforced concrete continuous footing can have greater width and smaller height than the mass concrete footing.

2. They must be highly mechanized.

3. A building must be made of the reinforced concrete units.

4. Prefabricated units may be classified into two main groups: for residential and industrial buildings.

5. The house can be assembled of precast concrete elements.

6. Present–day designs for housing must give greater attention to the size of dwellings.

9. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs.

1. These techniques are to increase the output of better structures at lower cost.

2. The buildings erected at present can be divided into two general classes: buildings for housing and industrial buildings.

3. Floors may be either of timber or of reinforced material.

4. The walls may be solid and hollow.

5. The materials used for construction of footings can be brick, stone, concrete and other natural or artificial materials.