- •Министерство образования и науки российской федерации
- •Английский язык.
- •Молодцова в.Е. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов архитектурно-строительного факультета / Под ред. Л.А. Семашко. — Челябинск, юУрГу, 2005. — 60 с.
- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Building Construction…………………………………………... 5
- •Introduction
- •Unit 1 Building Construction
- •New words:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •Put the prepositions into the sentences and translate them.
- •Make up sentences out of given words.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •A) Make up the right sentences according to the model.
- •Unit 2 elements of buildings
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words.
- •Read the following international words. What Russian words do they associate with?
- •Find the synonyms.
- •Put the correct word into each gap.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following word combination.
- •Using the dictionary find the right translation (part b) of the word combinations (part a).
- •Put in the proper preposition (of, in, into, from, onto, to, for, between).
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the words ''floor'', ''stor(e)y'', ''level''.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function and meaning of ''one'', ''ones''.
- •Find and translate the sentences in which ''one'' is used as a substitution word.
- •Compare the following pairs of sentences given in Active and Passive Voice and translate them into Russian.
- •Use the predicates of this sentences in Passive Voice and translate them.
- •Translate the following sentences. Mind the predicates in Passive Voice.
- •Read and translate the text. Elements of buildings
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Define the type of each door and window.
- •Replace the words and word combinations in italics (a) by their contextual synonyms (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Give the English equivalents.
- •With your group-mates fill in the table using the text.
- •Unit 3 foundations
- •New words:
- •Mark the number of a sentence where "to be" is translated as "должен".
- •Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to different functions of the verb "to be".
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •Say and write the following sentences in:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs.
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Read the text and translate it in Russian. Foundations
- •There are some notes the student made after reading the text "Foundations". Did he remember everything right? Read his notes and correct them if necessary.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (1 – 4) to their ends (a – d) using the information from the text.
- •Caissons
- •Say the facts proving the following statements.
- •Unit 4 floors
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words according to the models.
- •Beams and their types
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Beams and their types
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Lightweight steel beams and joists introduced
- •Unit 6 shells, trusses and space frames
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text . Shells, trusses and space frames
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Replace the words in bold type into their contextual synonyms given below.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Identify the type of the given trusses. Explain the difference between the Pratt and the Warren truss systems.
- •With your partner, discuss the main features of trusses and space frames. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Unit 7 Roofs
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Aluminium roofs for reservoirs and storage tanks
- •Speak directly about construction of roofs for water reservoirs using the following expressions:
- •New words:
- •Build up and translate the gerunds according to the model.
- •Translate the sentences with gerunds.
- •Translate the sentences with the Continuous Tenses.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ing-forms.
- •Read and translate the text. Towards Industrialized Construction
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (a) with their endings (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Interview your partner about the reasons of moving building construction towards industrialization. Use the following words and expressions.
- •Read and translate Text 2. From the history of building construction
- •Answer the questions to the text 2. Check your answers in accordance with the text.
- •Read the text for the second time and mark interesting facts in each part of it.
- •What is a ''rule of thumb'' technique? unit 9
- •Assembly works and time-tabling
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Assembly works and time-tabling
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Identify each kind of assembly works.
- •Identify the part of the building or the phase of the assembly sequence described in the sentences.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Make a list of other things that could go wrong on a building site. Say when they might occur and how they could affect the time schedule. References
Beams and their types
Texts: Beams and their types
Lightweight steel beams and joists introduced
Grammar: Participle I, Participle II (Синявская, p. 383-385)
New words:
anchor, n. [´æNkq] анкер
appropriate, adj. [q´prqVrprııt] подходящий, соответствующий
beam, n. [bi:m] балка
brace, n. [breıs] связь, скоба
girder, n. [´gE:dq] прогон, главная балка
groove, n. [gru:v] канавка, желоб, паз
joist, n. [GOıst] балка
overall, adj. [´qVvqrql] полный, всеобщий
span, n. [spæn] пролет
stiffness, n. [´stıfnıs] жесткость
versatile, adj. [´vE:sqtaıl] универсальный
bridging anchor анкерное крепление
cast iron чугун
compressive strength прочность на сжатие
tensile strength прочность на растяжение
floor joist ригель
roof joist стропильная балка
Read the following international words. What Russian words do they associate with?
Control, designer, diagonal, element, form, geometry, horizontal, material, parallel, perpendicular, transport.
Find the synonyms.
overall a) opening
appropriate b) support
versatile c) hardness
span d) channel
stiffness e) total
anchor f) suitable
groove g) flexible
Build up Participles I (Indefinite Active) and translate them into Russian.
To build, to support, to use, to carry, to call, to bring, to give, to span, to permit, to provide.
Build up Participles II and translate them into Russian.
To build, to support, to give, to reinforce, to add, to develop, to attach, to carry, to make, to produce, to roll.
Read and translate the following word-combinations into Russian, paying attention to the participles.
a) the element providing the anchorage
the beam spanning the opening
the workers building the bridge
the joist supporting the floor
the wall carrying the loads
b) the method developed by the builders
the material used in the 18th century
the element attached to the walls
the type of beam called the girder
the floor slab reinforced by the iron rods
Read and translate the following sentences.
The new materials recommended for the construction of this building were reinforced concrete and glass.
These beams spanning an opening and carrying loads are of prestressed concrete.
Large beams carrying the ends of other beams perpendicular to them have been already brought to the construction site.
Supporting the above construction the beam experiences different types of loads.
Floor slabs reinforced by the iron rods are manufactured at the factory.
Floor joists are attached to the walls by metal supports called anchors.
The opening spanned by beams permitted the assembly of the next floor.
Read and translate the text. Beams and their types
In building construction a beam is a horizontal member spanning an opening and carrying a load that may be a brick or stonewall above the opening. The load may be a floor or roof in a building, in which case the beam is called a floor joist or a roof joist. Joists – of timber, steel, or reinforced concrete – are laid in a parallel series across abutting girders or a bearing wall, to which they are attached, usually by metal supports called joist anchors.
The ends of the joists are grooved so that they are leveled with the load-bearing elements to provide a smooth horizontal. Before the floor is laid above additional strength may be given in the form of bridging anchors – diagonal braces between the horizontal beams.
Large beams carrying the ends of other beams perpendicular to them are usually called girders. Metal girders may be single rolled pieces to provide greater stiffness and longer spans. Concrete girders are also widely used.
Beams may be of wood, steel or other metals, reinforced or prestressed concrete, plastics, and even brickwork with steel rods in the bond between bricks. Timber is easier to cut and transport. Apart from its inferior durability, it is also a more appropriate material because timber has a tensile strength along the grain to match its compressive strength. With stone there was only one possibility – the use of metal reinforcement at the bottom to improve the tensile strength.
Iron beams became structurally important elements only in the late 18th century with the widespread introduction of cast iron. Reinforced concrete became a highly versatile structural material, since the strength of the concrete, the overall geometry of the element, and the quantity and placement of the reinforcement rods were all under the designer's control.