- •Министерство образования и науки российской федерации
- •Английский язык.
- •Молодцова в.Е. Английский язык: Учебное пособие для студентов архитектурно-строительного факультета / Под ред. Л.А. Семашко. — Челябинск, юУрГу, 2005. — 60 с.
- •Contents
- •Unit 1. Building Construction…………………………………………... 5
- •Introduction
- •Unit 1 Building Construction
- •New words:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given below.
- •Put the prepositions into the sentences and translate them.
- •Make up sentences out of given words.
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Agree or disagree with the statements.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •A) Make up the right sentences according to the model.
- •Unit 2 elements of buildings
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words.
- •Read the following international words. What Russian words do they associate with?
- •Find the synonyms.
- •Put the correct word into each gap.
- •Give Russian equivalents to the following word combination.
- •Using the dictionary find the right translation (part b) of the word combinations (part a).
- •Put in the proper preposition (of, in, into, from, onto, to, for, between).
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the meaning of the words ''floor'', ''stor(e)y'', ''level''.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the function and meaning of ''one'', ''ones''.
- •Find and translate the sentences in which ''one'' is used as a substitution word.
- •Compare the following pairs of sentences given in Active and Passive Voice and translate them into Russian.
- •Use the predicates of this sentences in Passive Voice and translate them.
- •Translate the following sentences. Mind the predicates in Passive Voice.
- •Read and translate the text. Elements of buildings
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Define the type of each door and window.
- •Replace the words and word combinations in italics (a) by their contextual synonyms (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Give the English equivalents.
- •With your group-mates fill in the table using the text.
- •Unit 3 foundations
- •New words:
- •Mark the number of a sentence where "to be" is translated as "должен".
- •Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to different functions of the verb "to be".
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to modal verbs and their equivalents.
- •Say and write the following sentences in:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the modal verbs.
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents.
- •Read the text and translate it in Russian. Foundations
- •There are some notes the student made after reading the text "Foundations". Did he remember everything right? Read his notes and correct them if necessary.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (1 – 4) to their ends (a – d) using the information from the text.
- •Caissons
- •Say the facts proving the following statements.
- •Unit 4 floors
- •New words:
- •Translate the following derived words according to the models.
- •Beams and their types
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Beams and their types
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Lightweight steel beams and joists introduced
- •Unit 6 shells, trusses and space frames
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text . Shells, trusses and space frames
- •Match the definitions with the appropriate words.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text.
- •Replace the words in bold type into their contextual synonyms given below.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Identify the type of the given trusses. Explain the difference between the Pratt and the Warren truss systems.
- •With your partner, discuss the main features of trusses and space frames. Use the following words and word combinations.
- •Unit 7 Roofs
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text.
- •Aluminium roofs for reservoirs and storage tanks
- •Speak directly about construction of roofs for water reservoirs using the following expressions:
- •New words:
- •Build up and translate the gerunds according to the model.
- •Translate the sentences with gerunds.
- •Translate the sentences with the Continuous Tenses.
- •Translate the following sentences paying attention to the ing-forms.
- •Read and translate the text. Towards Industrialized Construction
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Match the beginnings of the sentences (a) with their endings (b).
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Interview your partner about the reasons of moving building construction towards industrialization. Use the following words and expressions.
- •Read and translate Text 2. From the history of building construction
- •Answer the questions to the text 2. Check your answers in accordance with the text.
- •Read the text for the second time and mark interesting facts in each part of it.
- •What is a ''rule of thumb'' technique? unit 9
- •Assembly works and time-tabling
- •New words:
- •Read and translate the text. Assembly works and time-tabling
- •Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words.
- •Identify each kind of assembly works.
- •Identify the part of the building or the phase of the assembly sequence described in the sentences.
- •Answer the questions to the text.
- •Make a list of other things that could go wrong on a building site. Say when they might occur and how they could affect the time schedule. References
Answer the questions to the text 2. Check your answers in accordance with the text.
How long has construction developed?
Are many of the processes developed through thousands of years still practiced to the present day? Name some of them in case they are.
What has construction been orientated to?
What has construction been traditionally based on?
What materials were in common use in the U.K.?
What materials were foundations and walls constructed?
How were roads formed?
What was design based on?
Why has the population gone away from the villages?
Read the text for the second time and mark interesting facts in each part of it.
What is a ''rule of thumb'' technique? unit 9
PREFABRICATION
Text: Prefabrication
Grammar: The Infinitive
New words:
accuracy, n. [´ækjVqrqsı] точность, правильность
actual, adj. [´æktSql] действительный
aesthetic, adj. [i:s´θetık] эстетический
drawback, n. [drO:bæk] недостаток
essential, adj. [ı´senS(q)l] существенный, необходимый
joint, n. [GOınt] шов, стык
security, n. [sı´kjV( q)rıtı] надежность
strength, n. [streNθ] прочность
cold bridges мостики холода
cost saving сокращение затрат
fire resistance огнеупорность
thermal insulation теплоизоляция
weather exclusion погодоустойчивость
under off-site conditions в заводских условиях
Give Russian equivalents to the following word combination.
Global economy; industrialized construction; standardized building components; to form building elements; the dimensional co-ordination; a maximum and a minimum limit of size; the accuracy of the components; industrialized building systems; adequate strength and security; the cost savings of mass production; standard repetitive tasks.
Find the synonyms.
drawback a) advantage; b) disadvantage; c) benefit.
essential a) necessary; b) unnecessary; c) needless.
strength a) weakness; b) power; c) fragile.
actual a) real; b) unreal; c) true.
accuracy a) privacy; b) concrete; c) precision.
Read and translate the word combinations.
the accuracy to be achieved the achieved accuracy of components
industrialized systems to be developed the developed industrialized systems
standard repetitive tasks to be completed the completed standard repetitive tasks
limits of size to be determined the determined limits of size
components to be manufactured the manufactured building components
prefabricated components to be finished the finished prefabricated components
Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive.
Prefabrication can improve productivity greatly.
The need to be competitive in the global economy is a hot.
Components are manufactured units to be used in building.
Some basic requirements should be taken into account when designing joints.
All joints should be able to transfer loads from one unit to another.
With the quick development of new technologies all this work can be done by robots.
Advantages of prefabrication include the opportunity to use specialized equipment to produce components.
Read and translate the text.
PREFABRICATION
The need to be competitive in the emerging global economy is a hot. Many prefabrication technologies deliver a better product because building is done in a quality controlled, sheltered environment. Besides, prefabrication can improve productivity greatly. An awareness of the current trends and latest innovations in prefabrication and industrialized construction is essential.
Prefabrication is an assembly of standardized building components under off-site conditions. Components are manufactured units, made to pre-determined sizes, to be used in building. Standardized components are joined together to form building elements. Units may include doors, stairs, window walls, wall panels, floor slabs, roof trusses, room-sized components, and even entire buildings.
Once fabrication of building components has started, it is difficult to make changes to the design. This means that the dimensional co-ordination between all the components is essential. For any component there will be a maximum and a minimum limit of size, between which the actual size must lie. The actual size must always be less than the basic size.
The greater the accuracy of the components to be joined, the less width will the joint between them require. The joint between components is the major problem in industrialized building systems. If external, its problems are those of weather exclusion, thermal insulation, and fire resistance. All joints should be of adequate strength and security. The aesthetic problem of large joints exposed is a serious one.
The design of the joints should be as simple and economical as possible, so the following basic requirements should be taken into account:
in-situ concrete connections should be kept to a minimum;
all joints should be able to transfer loads from one unit to another;
all joints must have the same degree of fire resistance as the structure;
all external panel joints should be insulated so that cold bridges will not be formed.
Advantages of prefabrication include the cost savings of mass production, the opportunity to use specialized equipment to produce components, and standardization of parts for quick assembly and erection.
The major drawback is the responsibility for quality control, but with the quick development of new technologies all this work can be done by robots. Robots are most suited for an industrialized construction, where prefabrication can be divided into standard repetitive tasks. Robots are also being developed for assembly of prefabricated components on site. They can inspect finished prefabricated components for drawbacks. The Japanese are installing rails on prefabricated panels to serve as guides for robots.
Fill in the gaps.
Prefabrication can improve … greatly.
a) fertility; b) productivity; c) possibility.
An awareness of the current trends and innovations in construction is … .
a) essential; b) special; c) residential.
Prefabrication is an assembly of standardized components under … conditions.
a) on-site; b) off-side; c) off-site.
The … size must always be less than the basic size.
a) pre-determined; b) standardized; c) actual.
The greater the … of the components to be joined, the less width will the joint between them require.
a) security; b) accuracy; c) possibility.
All joints should be of adequate … and security.
a) strength; b) strong; c) fire resistance.
External panel joints should be insulated so that … will not be formed.
a) mass production; b) thermal insulation; c) cold bridges.
… can be divided into standard repetitive tasks.
a) construction; b) prefabrication; c) innovation.
Robots can inspect finished prefabricated components for … .
a) advantages; b) comebacks; c) drawbacks.
There are some notes the student made after reading the text "Prefabrication". Did he remember everything right? Read his notes and correct them if necessary.
A lot of prefabrication technologies produce a better product because construction is done in the controlled conditions.
It is not important to be aware of the latest tendencies and novelties.
The assembly of the prefabricated components is done at the building site.
Standardized components include room-sized components and entire buildings.
When production of building elements has started, you can easily change the design.
The actual size of components is equal to its maximum size.
The problems of large exposed joints is the aesthetic one.
The main advantage of prefabrication is quality control.
Robots can be applied to carry out standard repetitive tasks.
Answer the questions to the text.
What is prefabrication?
What building components can be produced industrially?
What is an actual size of a prefabricated component?
What does the width of a joint depend on?
What are the problems of external joints?
What are the basic requirements for the joints?
Name all the advantages of prefabrication?
What is its disadvantage?
What can help builders to overcome this trouble?
Give the English equivalents.
технологии заводского изготовления
заранее определенные размеры
соответствие размеров всех компонентов
монолитные бетонные швы
массовое производство
проверять готовые элементы на брак
быстрый монтаж и возведение
Ask your partner to explain to you in English the following terms.
prefabrication;
pre-determined size;
actual size;
cold bridges;
fire resistance.
Discuss with your group-mates the role of the robots in the building construction nowadays and in the future. Suggest your own ideas on the improvement of construction techniques.
UNIT 10