Английский язык 1 часть
.pdfTalking about Holidays
15.
18.
19.
20.
It’s easy. |
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— Это — легко. |
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e.g. It’s not easy to learn |
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Нелегко учить английский язык. |
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English, |
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1. получать |
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to get (got, got) v |
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to get a message |
— хорошо загореть |
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to get a good tan |
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to get to (a place) |
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2. добираться до (к-л места), попасть |
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e.g. It’s easy to get to Klin |
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(в к-л место) |
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from Moscow, |
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here |
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to get there |
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home |
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e.g. He got home late yes |
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terday. |
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3. (как глагол-связка) становиться |
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to get old |
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стареть |
to get cold |
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холодать |
to get wet |
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промокнуть |
to get tired |
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устать |
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a train [trein] n |
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поезд |
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to go by train |
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ехать поездом |
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but: to go by an express train |
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ехать скорым поездом / экспрессом |
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by [bai] prep |
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указывает на способ передвижения, |
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пересылки и т.д. — по, на |
to go by |
car |
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ехать на машине, машиной |
air |
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на самолете, самолетом, по воздуху |
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by mail / post |
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по почте |
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by airmail |
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авиапочтой |
seaside ['si:said] n |
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побережье |
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to be at the seaside |
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to come |
to the seaside |
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to go |
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прибрежный городок |
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a seaside town |
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a village [Vilid3] n |
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деревня |
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a hotel [hou'tel] n |
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гостиница, отель |
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to stay at a hotel |
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жить в гостинице |
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a five-star hotel |
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пятизвездочная гостиница |
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С названиями гостиниц употребляется определенный артикль:
^the Hilton hotel
21. youth [ju:0] n — 1. молодежь, юношество; 2. моло дость, юность
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Lesson 5 |
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22. |
a hostel ['hostol] |
n |
— 1. общежитие (особ, студенческое) |
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2. |
тур |
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a youth hostel |
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— молодежный туристический лагерь |
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23. |
to call v |
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— называть, звать |
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e.g. His name is Richard but |
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his friends |
call him |
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Dick. |
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24. |
accommodation |
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— помещение; жильё, комната(ы) в |
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[okomo'deifn] п |
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доме, отеле и т.д. |
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much accommodation |
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little accommodation |
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e.g. It’s not easy to get ac |
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commodation at the sea |
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side in summer. |
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to become [Ы'клт] |
— (как глагол-связка выражает пере- |
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(became, become) v |
ход в к-л состояние) — стать |
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to become red |
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— покраснеть |
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to become interested |
— заинтересоваться |
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syn. to get |
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26. |
expensive [iks'pensiv]adj |
— дорогой (о цене), дорогостоящий |
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house |
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an expensive book |
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room |
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27. |
that is why |
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— вот почему, поэтому |
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to walk [work] v |
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— 1. ходить, идти пешком; 2. гулять,- |
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a walk п |
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прогуливаться |
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— 1. ходьба |
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e.g. The town is anhour’s |
— От нас до города час ходьбы. |
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Г~~ |
-»--- —-- --- |
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walkrrom us. |
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2. |
прог |
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to go for a walk |
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— выйти на прогулку, пойти погулять |
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to hike v |
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— путешествовать / ходить пешком |
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to go hiking |
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30. to cycle [saikl] v |
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— ездить на велосипеде |
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to go cycling |
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a tour [tuo] n |
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— путешествие, поездка, турне |
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to be on a tour (of) |
— находиться в поездке (по) |
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to go on a tour (ofsome |
— отправиться (поехать) в поездку (по |
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country) |
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какой-либо стране) |
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e.g. Last year we went on a |
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tour of France, |
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a walking / hiking tour |
— туристический поход |
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212
Tqlking about Holidays
a cycling tour
a package ['paekid3] tour
32. to rent v
a room
to rent a house a flat
acar
33.during 'djuorig] prep
the year
during the lesson the interval
the holiday
34.hot adj
hot weather a hot day
e.g. It’s hot today,
35.dry [drai] adj
e.g. The weather is dry. It’s dry today.
^б) a beach [bi:tj] n to be on the beach to go to the beach
37.to swim (swam, swum) [swim, swaem, swAm] v to go swimming
a swimming pool [pu:l]
38.to sunbathe ['sAnbeid] v suntan ['sAn(,)taen]
to get a suntan
39.to ski [ski:] v to go skiing
to go in for skiing
e.g. He usually goes skiing during the New Year holidays,
40.a mountain ['mauntin] n in the mountains
plants mountain air
climate
путешествие на велосипеде организованная туристическая по ездка (с предоставлением всех ус луг)
снимать, брать напрокат
—в течение, во время
—жаркии
Сегодня — жарко, сухой
Сегодня — сухо, пляж, взморье
—плавать, плыть
—плавать, заниматься плаванием
—бассейн
—загорать
—загар
—загореть
—ходить на лыжах, кататься на лыжах
—кататься на лыжах
—заниматься лыжным спортом
1.гора
вгорах
2.как прилагательное
горные растения горный воздух горный климат
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Lesson 5
41. the Caucasus [’korkosis] in the Caucasus
to go to the Caucasus 42. the Crimea [krai'mio]
in the Crimea
С названием гряды гор употребляется определенный артикль. Напр, the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Alps.
43. |
a season ['snzon] n |
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сезон, время года |
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The four seasons are: |
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summer ['sAmo] n |
— лето |
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autumn ['о:tom] п |
— осень |
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winter [’winto] п |
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зима |
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spring [spnr)] п |
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весна |
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in summer (autumn, win |
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ter, spring) |
— как прилагательное |
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summer |
days |
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44. |
winter |
holidays |
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the South [sau0] n |
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the South of London |
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South America |
— на юге |
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in the South |
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wonderful [Wndoful] adj |
— изумительный, замечательный, чу |
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wonderful weather |
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десный |
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46. |
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курорт |
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a resort [n'zo:t] n |
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a popular |
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a seaside |
resort |
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a summer
47.a coast fkoust] n — побережье (в основном употребля
e.g. I always spend my holi day on the coast of the Baltic Sea.
The village is on the South coast.
but: I always spend my holi day at the seaside,
48.a sea [si:] n
to swim in the sea the Black Sea
ется с географическими названиями)
— море
^С названием морей употребляется определенный артикль. Напр, the Red Sea.
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Talking about Holidays |
49. |
because [bi'koz] conj |
— потому что, так как |
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e.g. We stayed at home be |
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cause |
the weather |
was |
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very cold |
путешествовать, ездить |
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50. |
to travel ['traevol] v |
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a travel n |
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путешествие |
51. |
an agency ['eid3onsi] n |
агентство |
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a travel agency |
туристическое агентство |
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52. |
private ['praivit] adj |
1. частный |
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a private bank |
2. личный, собственный |
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flat |
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a private |
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letter |
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2.
3.
ADDITIONAL WORDSAND EXPRESSIONS
a plane п |
— самолет |
to go by plane |
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in the country |
— загородом |
a river [Vivo] n |
— река |
С названием рек употребляется определенный артикль. Напр, the Istra river
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to relax [ri'laeks] v |
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отдыхать, расслабляться |
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snow n |
— снег |
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to skate (ice-skate) v |
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кататься на коньках |
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to go (ice-)skating |
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7.besides [bi'saidz] prep — кроме (того), помимо (этого)
8.
9.
e.g. I have visited Italy this summer. Besides, I’ve been to the Crimea.
polluted po'lu:tid] adj
polluted airwater to water 'wa.'to] v to water flowersplants
загрязненный
— поливать
waters |
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вода |
10. an ocean ['оиГэп] п |
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океан |
С названием океанов употребляется определенный артикль. Напр, the Pacific [po'sifik] Ocean — Тихий океан
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Lesson 5
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to dive v |
— нырять, прыгать в воду |
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a diving lesson |
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N O T E T H E P R O N O U N C I A T I O N : |
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an airport ['espoit] n |
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an excursion [iks'ksjsn] n |
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SPEECH PA TTERN S |
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People who read verymuch |
— Люди, которые много читают, много |
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know a lot. |
знают. |
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The English book which |
— Английская книга, которую я про- |
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I read last week is very |
читал на прошлой неделе, очень инте- |
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interesting. |
ресная. |
L E S S O N |
6 |
Grammar: |
Modal Verbs (модальные глаголы) can, must, may. |
Text:_________ Discussing Contract Terms.___________________________ |
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U N I T I |
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GRAMMAR |
SECTION I |
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MODAL VERBS CAN, MUST, MAY |
STEP 1. READ THE DIALOGUES AND STUDY TH E USE OF THE MODAL VERBS.
1)— How many foreign languages can you speak?
—I can speak English and French, but I cannot speak German.
2)— I can’t speak to you now. I must go home.
—Must you go now?
—Yes, I must.
3)— May I go to the cinema, Mother?
—No, you mustn’t. The film is not for children. You can watch TV at home.
| j; j |
Модальные глаголы показывают отношение к действию, |
L .JJ |
выраженному инфинитивом. |
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Модальные глаголы не имеют окончания -s в 3-м лице |
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единственного числа настоящего времени; следующие за |
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ними глаголы в инфинитиве употребляются без частицы to. |
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Модальные глаголы не имеют формы инфинитива. |
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Past |
Negative |
Questions and |
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short answers |
сап |
(см. |
пример could |
cannot |
— Can you? |
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могу, |
умею. |
(can’t) |
— Yes, I can/No, I |
Выражает |
воз |
could not |
can’t. |
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можность |
/ спо |
(couldn’t) |
— Could you? |
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собность |
совер |
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— Yes, I could / |
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шить действие. |
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No, I couldn’t. |
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Lesson 6 |
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Past |
Negative |
Questions and |
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short,answers |
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must |
(см. при |
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must not |
— Must you? |
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мер |
2) должен. |
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(mustn’t) |
— Yes, I must / |
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Выражает |
дол |
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No, I m ustn’t (не |
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женствование |
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должен) |
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No, I |
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или |
необходи |
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needn’t |
(не |
нуж |
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мость совершить |
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но).* |
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действие. |
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might |
(не |
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may (см. пример |
may not |
— May he? |
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3) можно. |
Вы |
употребля |
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— Yes, he may / |
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ражает разреше |
ется в значе |
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No, he mustn’t. |
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ние |
совершить |
нии |
"раз |
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действие; |
часто |
решить сде |
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заменяется сап. |
лать", |
имеет |
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др. |
значе |
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ния). |
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STEPS. PRACTISETHEUSE OFTHEMODALVERBS.
Ex. 1. Imagine you’ve got a robot. Say w hat your robot can or can’t do.
at home:
to clean the flat;
to make a cup of good coffee;
to go shopping;
to play games with the children;
to drive a car;
to water the plants; to speak English;
to wash the windows; to go for a walk with the children (with your dog); to help you do your English homework.
in the office:
to make appointments; to discuss business problems;
to translate messages into Russian;
to clean the desk;
to answer the e-mail; to make copies of documents;
to serve lunch;'
to answer the phone; to say “Hello, will you take a seat?” to visi tors;
to fax documents.
*На вопрос с глаголом must отрицательный ответ с mustn't означает "не должен, нельзя", с needn't — "не нужно, нет необходимости".
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Discussing Contract Terms
Ex. 2. Say w hat you can (can’t) do now and w hat you could
(couldn’t) do when you were a child:
•to work on the computer;
•to speak English / German;
•to ski / water-ski;
•to ice-skate;
•to swim;
•to drive a car;
•to make computer programmes;
•to play computer games;
•to dive;
•to play (table) tennis / football / volleyball;
•to play the guitar [gi'ta:].
Ex. 3. Ask your friend when:
he / she must: |
go on business; |
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have business talks; |
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look through the new catalogues; |
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answer the messages; |
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meet the customers / the suppliers; |
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study some contract forms; |
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start / finish the working day. |
Ex. 4. Say what you must or needn’t do during the working day.
Must you |
get up early in the morning? |
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look through the e-mail in the morning? |
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make coffee for the other people in the office? |
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meet foreigh businessmen at the airport? |
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speak English (German, Spanish) with the partners? |
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clean your office? |
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make computer programmes? |
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sometimes work in the evenings / on Saturdays? |
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invite your customers to a restaurant? |
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prepare sales reports? |
Ex. S.Say w hat the signs mean.
Examptei No smoking — You mustn’t smoke.
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Lesson 6
NO
N O O W M K )
SKATE-
IMHUNNO БЁ5&
1.No skatebording — ...
2.No camping— ...
3.No swimming — ...
4.No standing — ...
5.No fishing— ...
6.No parking— ...
Example: Turn left — You must turn left.
Ex. 6. Combine the sentences:
The conference finishes at 5 o’clock. It’s 3 o’clock now.
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We can leave the conference now. |
We must stay until 5 o’clock. |
2. |
We must leave the conference now. |
We can stay until 5 o’clock. |
3. |
We mustn’t leave the conference now. |
We can’t stay until 5 o’clock. |
4. |
We needn’t leave the conference now. |
We needn’t stay until 5 |
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o’clock. |
Ex. 7*Complete the sentences:
1.— ... I answer the letter now? — No, you ... .
You ... do it after lunch.
2.Jack ... go to the bank today. He has spent all his money.
3.Paul... read when he was 4, but he ... write.
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If you go to Turkey, you ... get a visa. But if you |
can / can’t, |
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go to Great Britain, you ... get it. |
could /couldn’t, |
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The children ... go for a walk. It’s cold outside. |
must / mustn’t, |
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Mr Brown is speaking very quietly. W e... hear him. |
needn’t, |
7. |
My friend got a good job because he ... speak 2 |
may |
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foreign languages. |
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8.— ... I have another cup of tea?
— Yes, certainly.
9.You ... see films in foreign languages if you go to this cinema.
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