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Walking about London

32.

a cathedral [ko'Gndrol] n

собор

 

St. Paul’s Cathedral

 

Собор Св. Павла

33.

a monument ['monjumont] n

памятник

 

a monument to smb, smth

 

 

the monument to Peter the 1st

— столетие, век

34.

a century f'sentjuri] n

 

35.

the 21st century

 

 

— бедный; плохой; низкосортный

poor

pus] adj

 

 

 

poor

people

 

 

 

 

districts

 

 

 

 

 

houses

 

 

— быть низкого качества

 

to be of poor quality

 

 

e.g. The goods of this com­

 

 

pany are of poor quality.

— узкий

36.

narrowfnaerou] adj

 

 

a narrow

beach

 

 

 

 

 

 

street

 

 

— грязный

37.

dirty ['ds:ti] adj

 

 

38.

working class n

 

 

— рабочий класс

 

working-class people

 

— рабочие

39.

to change ['tjeind3] v

 

— 1. менять; 2. меняться

 

to change

a job

 

 

 

 

a place of living.

 

 

e.g. I hope the weather will

— Надеюсь, что скоро погода изме­

 

change

for

the

better

нится к лучшему.

 

soon.

 

 

 

 

40.

like (в знач. предлога)

 

— подобно, как и ...

 

e.g.

Like

other

big

cities

 

 

Moscow has many prob­

 

 

lems.

 

 

 

загрязнение окружающей среды

41.

pollution [p9'lu:Jn]/2

 

42.

clean [kli:n] adj

 

 

чистый

 

clean

air

 

 

 

 

 

 

windows

 

 

типичный

43.

typical ['tipiksl] adj

 

 

a typical Englishman

 

типично для ... быть типичным для

 

to be typical of...

 

 

e.g. This town is typical of old Russia.

321

11 АмпкАскяЯ язык для делового общения

Lesson 2

 

44.

food [fud] n

— 1. пища, еда; 2. продовольствие,

 

 

продукты питания

45.

sights [salts] п (pi)

— достопримечательности

 

Sights — более широкое понятие, чем places of interest. Включает

^

и просто красивые дома, сады и т.д.

 

to go sightseeing ['saitsi:г)]

— осматривать достопримечательности

 

syn. to see the sights

 

 

e.g. When I visit a city for the

 

 

first time I always go

 

 

sightseeing.

 

46.

a passer-by ['pa:sobai] n

—прохожий

47.

to excuse [iks'kjuiz] v

— извинять, прощать

 

Excuse me.

— Извините.

 

(syn. I am sorry / Sorry)

 

Excuse me употребляется при обращении к кому-либо, когда нужно

^привлечь чье-либо внимание.

Sorry употребляется для выражения сожаления по поводу сделанного или сказанного.

48.

quickly ['kwikh] adv

— быстро

 

to walk

. ..

 

 

to answer

quickly

 

 

quick adj

 

— быстрый

49.

to stop v

 

— Постанавливать

 

e.g. We stopped a passer-by

2. останавливаться

 

 

 

to ask him the way to Ox­

 

 

ford Street.

 

 

a stop [stop] n

— остановка

 

a bus stop

автобусная остановка

 

e.g. At what stop are you get­

 

 

ting off?

(указывает на движение вдоль чего-

50.

along [эЪпд] prep

 

 

либо) вдоль (по), по ...

 

to walk a,0ng(Oxf0rdstreet)

повернуть

51.

to turn [to:n] v

322

 

 

 

Walking about London

52.

straight [streit] adj

 

прямой

 

 

 

adv

 

прямо

 

 

 

to go straight on

 

идти прямо (направление

движе­

 

e.g. Go straight on along this

 

ния)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

street.

пересекать, переходить

 

53.

to cross v

 

 

a street

 

 

 

 

 

to cross a square

 

 

 

 

 

a park

 

 

 

 

 

a crossing n

— пешеходный переход

 

 

e.g. We must cross the street

 

 

 

 

 

at the crossing.

 

 

 

 

54.

traffic-lights n

 

светофор

 

 

 

at the traffic-lights

 

у светофора

 

 

55.

as far as

 

до (к-л места)

 

 

 

e.g. We went as far as the bus

 

Мы дошли до автобусной останов­

 

stop.

 

ки.

 

 

56.

to miss v

 

пропустить, не

заметить,

пройти

 

 

 

мимо

 

 

 

You can’t miss the museum. — Вы не можете

не заметить (не

 

 

 

пройдете мимо) музея.

 

 

ADDITIONALWORDSAND EXPRESSIONS

 

1.

financial [fai'naenf(o)l] adj

финансовый

 

 

 

finance n

— финансы

 

 

 

the Ministry of Finance

 

 

 

 

 

to finance v

финансировать

 

 

2.a skyscraper ['skai.skreipo] n — небоскреб, высотный дом

3.within [wi'din] prep — (указывает на нахождение внутри

 

 

 

какого-либо пространства) в, внут­

 

an end n

 

ри, в пределах

4.

конец, окончание .

 

at the end (of the street,

в конце (улицы, фильма, книги)

 

film, book)

 

 

5.

free adj

свободный

 

free time

 

 

 

e.g. Are you free tomorrow?

 

 

6.

space n

космос, космическое пространство

 

to travel in space

час пик

8.

a rush hour

9.

a route [ru:t]

маршрут

323

Lesson 2

SPEECH PATTERN

Most of the streets (Most — Большинство улиц в Лондоне не streets) in London are not очень широкие,

very wide.

L E S S O N 3

Grammar:1. Adverbs (наречия). Formation. Degrees of Comparison.

2.Compounds (производные) ofsome, any, no, every.

3.Adverbial Clauses of Time and Condition (придаточные предложения времени и условия, относящиеся к бу­ дущему).

Text:______ Discussing the Delivery Terms and Time._______________

U N I T I

GRAMMAR

SECTION I

ADVERBS. FORMATION. DEGREES OF COMPARISON

STEP 1. FORMATION. READAND STUDY.

a)The secretary did the work very quickly and very well.

b)Bad news travels fast.

c)Jane arrived at the office early.

Щ Большинство наречий образуются от прилагательных при-

J

давлением суффикса -1у:

 

Ш

bad

— badly

 

heavy

— heavily

 

beautiful

— beautifully

Ряд наречий совпадают по форме с прилагательными: early, fast, late, little, much.

Ex. 1. Form adverbs Srom the adjectives!

active; comfortable; foil; possible; necessary, traditional; beautiful; cheap; easy, quiet; urgent; wonderful.

STEP 2. DEGREESOFCOMPARISION.READ, STUDYANDPRACTISE.

Степени сравнения наречий образуются:

Ш1) для односложных наречий и наречия early путем при­ бавления окончаний -er, -est:

high — higher — highest early — earlier — earliest

325

Lesson 3

2)для наречий, состоящих из двух и более слогов при по­ мощи more, most:

quickly— more quickly — most quickly

3)Исключения:

well — better — best badly — worse — worst little — less — least much — more — most

Впредложениях с наречиями в сравнительной степени употребляется союз than:

Не works more than I do.

Впредложениях с наречиями в превосходной степени мо­ жет употребляться конструкция наречие + of all:

She speaks best of all. He runs fastest of all.

Ex. 2. Form the degrees of comparison from the adverbs:

quietly, late, often, comfortably, badly, quickly, much, heavily, little, beau­ tifully, fully, actively, early, closely.

Ex. 3- Supply the correct forms of the adverbs*

1.The traffic hasn’t been heavy today and I could get to the office (quickly) than yesterday.

2.Mike speaks English (well) than the other students, because he stud­ ies very much.

3.On Monday I come home (late) than on the other days because it’s the busiest day.

4.Peter swims (well) of all.

5.The director will stay in London for a week or a bit (long).

6.(Often) I spend my summer holidays on the coast of the Black Sea.

7.Jane usually arrives at the office (early) than the other people of the company.

8.Sam bought some furniture for his flat (cheaply) than he planned.

9.You can get to any place by Underground (quickly) than by bus.

10.Irene plays tennis (badly) than her friends.

Ex. 4. Answer the questions.

1.What places of interest in Moscow do you like best of all?

2.What places in Moscow do foreign visitors go to see most often?

326

Discussing the Delivery Terms and Time

3.Who speaks English best of all in your office?

Why does he know English better than the other people in the office?

4.Why do you sometimes stay in the office later than usual?

5.Where do you most often go at weekends?

6.By what transport can you get to Sheremetyevo Airport more quickly — by a shuttle bus or by taxi?

7.In what parts of Russia does it snow most heavily in winter? Where does it rain most heavily in summer?

8.Where can you buy food more cheaply — in a small shop or in a supermarket?

9.Which place of interest in London (Paris, Rome) would you like to visit most of all?

Why would you like to visit this place more than the other places?

10.Which TV programme do you like least of all?

SECTION II

COMPOUNDS OF SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY

STEP 1. READAND REMEMBER:

 

+ thing

+ body = + one

+ where

 

(for things)

(for people)

(for places)

some +

something

somebody

=

someone

somewhere

(утверд

['sAmOig]

['sAmbodi]

 

['sAmwAn]

['sAmweo]

предлож.)

что-то,

кто-то, кто-нибудь

где-то, где-

 

что-нибудь

 

 

 

нибудь, куда-

 

 

 

 

 

нибудь

any +

anything

anybody

=

anyone

anywhere

(отриц.

['emOii}]

[‘embodij

 

['emwAn]

['eniweo]

и вопр.

что-то,

кто-то, кто-нибудь, любой

где-нибудь,

предлож.)

что-нибудь

 

 

 

куда-нибудь

ПО +

nothing

nobody

=

no one

nowhere

(отриц.

['паОнз]

['noubodi]

 

['nOUWAn]

fnouweo]

предлож.)

ничто,

никто, никого

нигде, никуда

 

ничего

 

 

 

 

every +

everything

everybody

=

everyone

everywhere

(утверд.

['evrieir)]

[‘evribodij

 

[‘evriwAn]

['evriweo]

предлож.)

всё

все, каждый

везде, повсюду,

всюду

327

Lesson 3

^ 7; •

Производные местоимения с -body, -one и -thing в роли

L iU

подлежащего согласуются с глаголом в единственном числе

 

и употребляются в предложении по тем же правилам, что и

 

неопределенные местоимения some, any.

Ex. 5. Read and translate the dialogues:

a)— Have you heard anything about the new model of computers?

No, I’ve heard nothing about it.

b)— Can you tell me anything about the places of interest of Lon­ don?

Yes, I can tell you something, but not very much.

c)— Has anyone phoned me?

No, nobody has.

If somebody phones, tell him that I’ll come back soon.

d)— Will you go anywhere in July?

I’d like to go somewhere, if I have a holiday.

STEP 2. PRACTISE THE USE OF THE COMPOUNDS OF SOME, ANY, NO ANDEVERY.

Ex. beAsk and answer.

Example: — Do you know anything about Brighton?

— Yes, it a popular resort near London.

Do you know anything about Heathrow Airport?

the London Hilton Hotel?

the West End of London? Rockefeller Centre in New York? the White House in Washington? Hyde Park in London?

the Metropol Hotel in the centre of Moscow?

the weather in London in winter?

Ex. 7* Act out sim ilar dialogues:

Example: — Let’s go somewhere tonight (at the weekend ...)•

— 1 don’t want to go anywhere (Pd like to watch TV...).

328

Discussing the Delivery Terms and Time

Ex. 8. The manager is speaking to the people in the office.

She / He asks: Can anybody...

перевести этот факс?

заехать в отель за мистером Брауном?

просмотреть новый каталог легковых машин?

договориться о встрече с миссис Фаунтон?

сделать несколько копий нашего типового контракта?

отправить срочный факс в Лондон?

найти информацию о ценах на немецкие холодильники?

подготовить сообщение о ситуации на рынке встроенной ку­ хонной мебели?

Answer her / him.

Ex. 9. Supply the correct compounds.

1. ... likes skiing.

2.There is ... interesting for you to read in this journal. I recommend you to take it.

3. ... reads a lot in Russia.

4.Ask Mr Voronin to tell us ... about his visit to Great Britain.

5.Let’s go to the beach.... has already gone there.

6.There is ... in the park. It’s cold.

7. ... phoned you half an hour ago. I asked him to phone back at two o’clock.

8.Have you read ... interesting lately?

9.I’m sorry I haven’t heard ... about the new film.

10.There was ... interesting on TV yesterday, that’s why I didn’t watch it.

11.Have you ever m et... famous?

12.Mr Smith lives ... near London.

13.There are a lot of sports, cultural and entertainment facilities in Portland. We can say that there is ... for ... .

14.— Have you been ... outside London?

— No, I haven’t been ... yet, but I’m planning to go to Windsor.

15. ... knows that the British Prime Minister lives at No 10 Downing Street in London.

329

Lesson 3

SECTION III

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME AND CONDITION

STEP 1. READ, STUDYAND PRACTISE.

a) I’ll speak to Mary

when she arrives home. after she finishes her work,

b) I’ll stay at home -----------► till (until) the children come back.

c)You will get to the office

more quickly ---------------

► if you go by bus.

We will make the contract —►if the company gives a discount.

В придаточных предложениях условия и времени, относя­ щихся к будущему, после союзов if если, when когда, before

прежде чем, as soon as как только, after после того как, till (until) до тех пор пока не вместо будущего времени упот­ ребляется настоящее.

После союзов till (until) сказуемое всегда стоит в утвердительной форме (см. пример “Ь”).

Ex. 10.Continue the sentences:

If I have free time tonight...

If I go to London...

• If the weather is good at the weekend ...

If your company is interestedin (German) goods ...

When I come to the office tomorrow ...

After I finish work tonight...

After I arrive at Sheremetyevo A irport...

As soon as we receive the Sellers’ offer ...

Before I go on holiday ...

When I speak English very w ell...

I won’t go to the country till...

We won’t sign the contract till...

I won’t go and have lunch until...

We won’t discuss the terms of the contract until...

I won’t go to Yalta for a holiday until...

I won’t invite my friends to see the new flat until...

Dan won’t buy a new car till...

330