1 курс / Латинский язык / Латинский_язык_и_основы_медицинской_терминологии_Жура_В_В_,_Мартинсон

NOTE. In III declension neuter words ending in the Nominative Singular in -e, - al, -ar end in the Nominative Plural in –ia (neuter adjectives having the Nominative Singular ending -e thus will be included): animal → animalia; hepar

→ hepatia; tuber frontale → tubera frontalia.

EXERCISES

1. A. Put the nouns into the Nomintaive Plural:

Discus, i m; ductus, us m; cellula, ae f; fonticulus, i m; bursa, ae, f; processus, us m; ampulla, ae f; recessus, us m; junctura, ae f; ramus, i m; palpebra, ae f; meniscus, i m; meatus, us m; fascia, ae f; lobus, i m; caverna, ae f; planum, i n; folium, i n; labium, i n; ganglion, i n; corpus, oris n; foramen, inis n; septum, i n; nomen, inis n; genu, us n; dens, dentis m; sectio, onis f; pyramis, idis f; meninx, ngis f; terminatio, onis f; pars, partis f; articulatio, onis f; phalanx, ngis f; tendo, inis m; margo, inis m; pulmo, onis m; rete, is n; canalis, is m; canaliculus, i m.

B. Translate orally:

Joints, regions, synchondroses, lungs, cartilages, tendons, impressions, muscles, vertebrae, sutures, spines, ribs, incisures, teeth, partitions, sinuses, fingers, nuclei, arches, papillas, borders, mouths, branches.

C. Put the adjectives into Nominativus Pluralis:

Buccalis, lata, posterius, labiale, major, craniale, vertebrale, brevis, flava, liber, proprium, dorsale, thyroideum, osseus, simplicissimus, bronchialis, sacrale, zygomaticum, longus, alaris, latissimum, minima.

D. Translate in writing:

Upper incisor teeth, articular surfaces, canines, veins of kidney, cartilages of nose; retinacula of skin; convolutions of cerebrum, nuclei of pons (pons, pontis m); teniae of colon; rotating muscles of neck, thorax, loin; muscles of abdomen; bones of skull; bones of face; sutures of skull; lobules of thymus; leaves of cerebellum, ligaments of liver; veins of knee; cartilages of larynx; muscles of eyeball; rays of lens.

2. Translate into English:

103

Termini generales; glandulae labiales; sinus intermedii; musculi subcostales; organa genitalia masculina; regiones abdominales; tubuli seminif ěri; plicae gastricae; pyramǐdes renales; vasa sinusoidea lienis; juga alveolaria; alveoli

interglobularia; nomina anatomica; corpora paraaortica; glandulae uterinae; radii lentis; rami dentales inferiores.

3.Match the nouns in the Nominative Singular and the adjectives which are in grammatical agreement with them:

Nodi (lumbales, lymphatici, pectoralia, epigastrici, pulmonales, dextri, internae, iliǎci, occipitales, profunda, mastoidei, regionales); papillae (linguales, conicae, fungiformes, vallatae, filiformes, foliatae, renales, sinistri, lentiformes, minora); ligamenta (interosseae, interspinalia, flava, palmaria, cruciata, intercarpei, alaria, radiata, dorsalia, supraspinalia, costoxiphoidea); dentes (acustici, incisivi, molares, longae, canini, premolares, decidui, permanentes, major, brevia, minores); plexus (iliǎci, rectales, inferiores, gastricae, medii, vesicales, medianae, viscerales, vasculares); foramina (ethmoidalia, minora, nervosae).

4.Translate into Latin, make the nouns in the Nominative case plural, agree the adjectives with them.

A.Smaller alar cartilage; lower vein of the encephalon; bursa and synovial vagina; smaller sublingual duct; superficial lymphatic vessel; interspinous muscle of the neck; short posterior ciliary artery; thoracic cardiac branch; accessory nasal cartilage.

B.Pelvic ganglion; section of the spinal cord; lobe of the breast; front and back paraventricular nucleus; smaller renal calyx; sacral pelvic hole; semilunar band of colon; trochanteric bursa of middle gluteal muscle; bone of lower extremity; transverse temporal convolution.

104

C. Small sublingual duct; lower canine; small palatine canal; superior and posterior auricular muscle; ophthalmic fascia; accessory nasal cartilage; pterygoid process of sphenoid bone; upper molar; posterior upper alveolar opening; great and small horn; furrow of great and small petrosal nerves; superior gingival branch; superior and inferior nasal concha; orbital part of frontal bone.

5. Study the following abbreviations commonly used in anatomy:

Aa. – arteriae; Bb. – bursae; Gll. – glandulae; Forr. – foramina; Ligg. – ligamenta; Mm. – musculi; Nn.– nervi; Rr. – rami; Vagg. – vaginae; Vv. – venae.

Read the terms below replacing the abbreviations with full (non-abbreaviated) words:

aa. nutriciae; gll. intestinales; bb. trochantericae; aa. superiores; aa. sigmoideae; forr. incisiva; forr. palatina minora; ligg. interossea; ligg. extraarticularia; mm. interossei; mm. interspinales; nn. articulares; nn. profundi; nn. cardiaci; rr. orbitales; rr. oesophagei; vagg. synoviales; vv. cavernosae; vv. centrales.

6. Translate into English:

A.Nodi lymphatici capitis et colli, incisurae cartilaginis, calyces renales majores; plexus venosi vertebrtales interni (anterior et posterior), partes orbitales ossis frontalis, ganglia renalia.

B.Radiationes thalamicae posteriores, plicae transversae recti, rami substantiae nigrae, sectiones medullae oblongatae, recessus subhepatici, venae cerebri inferiores, nodi iliaci communes.

C.Processus pterygoidei ossis sphenoidalis, tubercula mentalia, cuspis coronae dentis posterior, musculi infrahyoidei, conchae nasales superior et inferior, dentes premolares et molares, gladulae buccales, musculi faciales et masticatorii.

7. Translate into Latin in writing:

105

Adrenal glands, cartilages of nose, borders of shoulder blade, furrows of dura mater; vertebral joints, inferior cervical cardiac branches, renal papillas, leaves of cerebrum, cerebrospinal roots, arteries of heart, molar glands, synovial pouches and vaginas, subhepatic recesses, cerebrospinal nerves, interphalangeal joints of foot, ventricles of larynx, pharyngeal glands, pelvic openings, muscles of the back, proper gastric glands, ethmoid cells, intervaginal spaces.

8. Make adjectives agree with nouns, translate:

Branches (mastoid, glandular, intermedial, duodenal, gastric); openings (alveolar, papillary, intervertebral, sacral); muscles (facial, transverse, infraoccipital); ligaments (auricular, ventral, yellow); joints (cartilaginous, fibrous, vertebral, synovial); veins (atrioventricular, bronchial, pharyngeal, nasal, labial, maxillary, tympanic, occipital, superficial).

VOCABULARY EXTENSION 10

A

106

107

108

UNIT 11

GENITIVE PLURAL

To change terms into the Genetive Plural you should go through the following steps: 1) determine the declension of the noun from its dictionary form; 2) determine the stem; 3) establish the gender from characteristic endings in the Nominative Singular; 4) determine to which of the two groups the adjective belongs; 5) decide to which declension the adjective agreeing with its noun in case, number and gender, belongs.

The Genitive Plural endings in all declensions of noun and adjectives are as follows:

The ending –um is given to:

1)nouns whose stem ends in a consonant and in whose Genitive Singular form an extra syllable is added: tendinum; regionum; foraminum;

2)adjectives in comparative degree (their stem also ends in a consonant): majorum (m, f, n) ; superiorum (m, f, n);

The ending –ium is given to:

1)all other nouns whose stem ends in more than one consonant: dentium; partium; ossium;

2)nouns in –es, -is in whose Genitive Singular form no extra syllable is added: avium; cutium;

3)neuter nouns ending in –e, -al, -ar: retium; animalium;

4)all adjectives of the 2nd group: brevium (m, f, n); occipitalium (m, f, n)

109

NOTE. 1. The noun vas, vasis n (vessel) is in the III declension when it is singular, and in the II declension when it is plural; so its Genitive Plural form is vasorum.

2.The noun fauces, ium is used only in the plural.

3.Nouns larynx, pharynx, meninx, phalanx of Greek origin have a Genitive Plural ending -um.

EXERCISES

1. Translate the given words into Latin, state their Dictionary Entry Form. Put them into Genetivus Pluralis:

Spine, ventricle, atrium, node, angle, cheek, muscle, sinus, gland, process, ganglion, knee, gum, plexus, joint, lung, foramen, tendon.

2. Translate into Latin, put these adjectives into Genetivus Pluralis.

Long, radial, deep, short, simple, greater, upper, lesser, anterior, minimal, maximal.

3. Translate into English:

A.Mm. palati et faucium; decussatio nn. trochlearium; rr. trigeminales et trochleares; vagina tendinum musculorum flexorum carpi; m. flexor digitorum; vagina synovialis mm. peroneorum (fibularium) communis; tuberculum vertebrarum cervicalium anterius et posterius; medulla rubra et medulla flava ossium; vasa vasorum; sinus venarum cavarum; facies anterior et posterior dentium premolarium et molarium; noduli valvularum semilunarium.

B.Ligg. ossiculorum auditus; forr. venarum minimarum; vagina tendinum musculi abductoris longi et musculi extensoris pollicis brevis; cavernae corporum cavernosorum; plexus cavernosi concharum; tunica conjunctiva palpebrarum; ganglia plexuum sympathicorum.

4. Translate the following terms into Latin:

110