1 курс / Латинский язык / Латинский_язык_и_основы_медицинской_терминологии_Жура_В_В_,_Мартинсон

post – after; post mortem (after death)

2. Prepositions followed by nouns in the Ablative

cum – with, together with; cum extracto (with an extract)

ex – from; ex aqua (from water)

pro – for; pro injectionibus (for injections

3. Prepositions followed by nouns in the Accusative or Ablative

The choice of case form after the prepositions in (in) and sub (under) is guided by their meaning. If they denote location they require the Ablative; if they denote direction, they require the Accusative, e.g.:

in the vial (direction) in vitrum (Acc.)

in the vial (location) in vitro (Abl.)

under the tongue (direction) sub linguam (Acc.)

under the tongue (location) sub lingua (Abl.)

MOST COMMON PRESCRIPTION FORMULAS WITH PREPOSITIONS

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PRESCRIPTION

Prescription is the doctor’s written instructions to the pharmacist about the preparation, dispensing and administration of a drug. Prescription is an important legal document that has to be filled in according to certain rules. Prescriptions are made out on a standard form 105 x 108 mm and filled in distinctly without corrections. The prescription usually has the following sections:

1.Inscriptio – the name of medical establishment

2.Datum – date of writing out the prescription

3.Nomen aegroti – the patient’s surname and initials

4.Aetas aegroti – the patient’s age

5.Nomen medici – the doctor’s name and initials

6.Praescriptio – name and dosage of drug

7.Subscriptio – instructions to the pharmacist about dosage, dispensing or packaging of the drug.

8.Signatura – instructions to the patient about the administration of the drug

9.Nomen et sigillum personale medici – the doctor’s signature and personal stamp.

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The main content of the prescription is in section 6, praescriptio. The Latin part of the prescription begins with the imperative Recĭpe. Its direct object, the dosage, is written at the end of the line, with the name of drug or ingredient in between. Each ingredient is written on a separate line, beginning with a capital letter. Names of plants and medicinal agents are also capitalized. Names of ingredients or preparations are grammatically subordinate to the dosage and are used in the genitive case:

The amount of solid or friable medicinal agents is prescribed in grams, with the word gram omitted, the figure written as a decimal, e.g.:

Recipe: Unguenti Zinci 30.0 Recipe: Anaesthesini 0.3

Recipe: Extracti Belladonnae 0.015

The amount of fluid medicinal agents is given in milliliters. e.g.:

Recipe: Olei Vaselini 30 ml

Recipe: Extracti Crataegi fluidi 20 ml

If a fluid medicinal agent is prescribed in an amount under 1 ml, the dosage is indicated in drops: the word drop is used in Accusative Singular (guttam) or Accusative Plural (guttas); the amount is shown by a Roman figure, e.g.:

Recipe: Solutionis Aminazini hydrochloridi 0.1% guttam I Recipe: Olei Menthae piperitae guttas V

In prescribing antibiotics the dosage is usually indicated in international Units of Action (UA), e.g.:

Recipe: Benzylpenicillini-natrii 250,000 UA

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If two or more medicinal agents are prescribed in the same amount, the dose is indicated only once after the last one and preceded by the word ana “in equal measure”, e.g.:

Recipe: Amidopyrini Analgini ana 0.25

Da tales doses numero 12 in tabulettis Signa: 1 pill in case of headache

Combination drugs are often given a generic name written in inverted commas: tabulettae “Codterpinum”, suppositoria “Neo-anusolum”. The generic names of pills and suppositories are in the Nominative Singular. The dose is not indicated as it is standard.

When pills or suppositories are prescribed, the name of the medicinal form is written in the Accusative Plural (tabulettas, tabulettas obductas, suppositoria, suppositoria rectalia) as it is grammatically subordinate to the word Recipe, not to the dose, e.g.:

Recipe: Tabulettas Monomycini 0.25 numero 50 Da. Signa:

The name of the medicinal form (pill, suppository) can be written in the Accusative Singular (tabulettam, suppositorium). In this case the standard formula Da tales doses numero… will be found at the end, e.g.:

Recipe: Tabulettam Digoxini 0.0001

Da tales doses numero 12

Recipe: Suppositorium cum Ichthyolo 0.2

Da tales doses numero 10

VOCABULARY EXTENSION 3

MEDICINAL HERBS

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MISCELLANEOUS

EXERCISES

1. Translate the following prescriptions into English:

1. Recipe: Tincturae Valerianae

Tincturae Convallariae ana 10 ml

Extracti Crataegi fluidi 5 ml

Mentholi 0.05

Misce. Da. Signa:

2.Recipe: Linimenti Synthomycini 1% cum Novocaino 0.5% – 50.0 Da. Signa:

3.Recipe: Solutionis Dibazoli 5ml

Da tales doses numero 6 in ampullis

Signa:

4. Recipe: Solutionis Nitroglycerini oleosae 1% – 0.0005

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Da tales doses numero 20 in capsulis

Signa:

5. Recipe: Solutionis Ichthyoli cum Glycerino 40 ml Da. Signa:

2. Translate the following prescriptions into Latin:

1.Take: Valerian tincture 0.3 Hawthorn tincture 0.15 Rhubarb tincture 0.8 Barbital-sodium 0.2 Ethyl alcohol 20 ml

Distilled water up to 200 ml Mix. Give out. Indicate:

2.Take: Buckthorn bark

Stinging nettle leaves each 15.0

Peppermint leaves

Rhizomes of valerian roots each 5.0

Mix to get tea

Give out. Indicate:

3.Take: Fluid extract of hawthorn 25 ml Give out. Indicate:

4.Take: Aminophylline 0.1

Benadryl 0.0125 Sugar 0.2

Mix to get a powder

Give out such doses in the amount of 12 in capsules Indicate:

5.Take: Lily-of-the-valley tincture Valerian tincture both 10 ml 1% nitroglycerine solution 1 ml Validol 2 ml

Mix. Give out. Indicate:

6.Take: Amidopyrine

Phenacetine both 0.25

Give out such doses in the amount of 12 in tablets Indicate:

7. Take: Barbital-sodium 0.5

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Cocoa oil as much as necessary to get a suppository

Give out such doses in the amount of 12

Indicate:

3. Translate into Latin:

Poisons and antidotes; vitamins in granules; dibazol solution for injections; suppositories with benadryl for children; «Aevit» in capsules; tablets against cough; ampicillin powder for injections; diprophylline solution in ampoules, ether for anesthesia; benadryl solution in unit dose syringes; validol in tablets; gramicidine alcoholic solution in ampoules; castor oil in gelatine capsules; amidopyrine and phenacetine tablets 0.25 both.

4. Translate into Latin:

Sage leaf, valerian tincture, nightshade extract, furacilin paste, suppositories with cordigit, synthomycine liniment, vaginal suppositories with Novocain, ether for anesthesia, pyocide in ampoules, mucilage of linseed, ergotal solution for injections.

5. Translate the following prescriptions:

1. Take: 1% oily nitroglycerine solution 0.0005

Give out such doses in the amount of 30 in capsules Indicate:

2.Take: Festal tablets in the amount of 60 Give out. Indicate:

3.Take: Castor oil emulsion 180.0

Sugar syrup up to 200 ml

Mix. Give out. Indicate:

4.Take: 1% synthomycine liniment with Novocain 0.5% 50.0 Give out. Indicate:

5.Take: Lily-of-the-valley tincture

Valerian tincture 10 ml each

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Fluid hawthorn extract 5 ml Menthol 0.05

Mix. Give out. Indicate:

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UNIT 4

CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE

NAMES OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS, ACIDS

All Latin names of chemical elements are neuter nouns of the 2nd declension except for two words: Sulfur, uris n (III declension) and Phosphorus, i m. Chemical symbols are derived from Latin or Greek names of chemical elements and reflect their spelling: Ca – Calcium, K – Kalium, P – Phosphorus, Fe

– Ferrum and others. In English-speaking countries the chemical elements Na, Hg and K can be called Sodium, Mercurium and Potassium, respectively.

One would do well to remember the spelling of the following units commonly used in chemical nomenclature and drug names:

hydr- (Greek water) shows the presence of hydrogen, water or hydroxylic group:

Hydrocortisonum, i n; hydrochloridum, i n.

ox(y)- (Greek oxys, acid) shows the presence of oxygen: Oxylidinum, i n; Oxolinum, i n; peroxydum, i n.

Latin trivial acid names consist of the noun acidum, i n and an adjective of the 1st group that agrees with it in gender, case and number. Suffix –ic-um or –os- um is added to the stem of acid-forming element.

The suffix –icum indicates a maximum degree of oxidation; it corresponds to the English acid names ending in –ic, e.g.: acidum sulfuricum (sulphuric acid), acidum barbituricum (barbituric acid), acidum folicum (folic acid).

The suffix –osum indicates a low degree of oxidation; it corresponds to acid names in English that end in –ous, e.g. acidum sulfurosum (sulfurous acid), acidum nitrosum (nitrous acid).

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