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UNIT 8

FEMININE NOUNS OF III DECLENSION

A number of typical terminations may help to distinguish Feminine Nouns of the Third Declension. In the table below you will find both the Nominative Singular endings as well as final letters of the Genitive Singular stem together with the Genitive Singular endings. The table shows that there are certain correlations between the Nominative Singular endings and stem types manifesting themselves in the Genitive Singular.

Note 1. The stem of Feminine Nouns with different number of syllables in the Nominative and Genitive Singular forms (non-parisyllabic forms) ending in –is in the Nominative ends in –id: iris, ǐdis, f (stem – irid-) as in carōtis, ǐdis, f (stem – carotid-); pyrǎmis, ǐdis, f (stem – pyramid-). In feminine nouns with parisyllabic Nominative and Genitive Singular forms (having the same number of syllables) these forms are also identical as auris, is, f; cutis, is, f.

Note 2. The suffix –io may be added to verbal stems (supines) to derive nouns giving names to a number of actions, functions or processes: supinatio (turning the palm/foot face down), pronatio (turning the palm/foot face up), flexio (flexing), extensio (extending), etc. Names of many types of surgery are also nouns ending in –io: amputatio pedis, resectio pulmonis, resectio gastris, resectio coli, resectio ventriculi totalis.

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Words exemplifying the above-stated peculiarities of Feminine Nouns of the Third Declension together with Exceptions are included in Vocabulary Extension 8.

EXERCISES

1.Form Gen. Sing. and name the derivational basis:

Cavitas, cervix, mystax, ars, tendo, tuberositas, impressio, pars, radix, origo, articulatio, longitudo, asperitas, fornix, dens, terminatio, larynx, lens, cartilago, cuspis, mors, magnitudo, appendix, bifurcatio, auris, pubes, iris, unguis.

2.Make the adjectives agree with nouns:

A.Part (petrosal, medial, parietal, upper, anterior, pyloric, cardiac, lumbar, sternal, osseous, spongious, right, lateral, profound);

Canal (palatine, optical, lacrimal, facial, sacral, vertebral, carotic, greater, incisive);

Cavity (cerebral, pleural, articular, tympanic, proper); Tuberosity (deltoid, iliac, masseteric);

Ear (middle, internal, external);

Cartilage (thyroid, articular, costal, alar, pterygoid, greater); Joint (mandibular, transverse, simple, complex).

B.Impression (renal, gastric, cardiac, duodenal, esophageal); edge (frontal, squamous, lacrimal, mastoid, front, free, right); end (sternal, acromial, uterine, upper); tooth (incisive, deciduous, canine, molar, premolar, of wisdom); vessel (lymphatic, capillary, collateral); area (femoral, front, calcaneal); cusp (cuspis, idis, f) (posterior, anterior).

3. Translate the following terms into Latin:

A. Free part of lower limb; annular (orbicularis, e) part of fibrous vagina; hard coat of the encephalon; vault of stomach; facial area; cavity of pelvis; vault of pharynx; canal of greater petrosal nerve; abdominal part of the esophagus;

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humeral joint; nasal part of pharynx; tree of life of cerebellum; pyloric canal; body of pubic bone; capsule of pancreas; tympanic cavity of middle ear; cartilage of septum of nose; basis of phalanx; are of heel bone.

B.Canal of cervix of uterus; synovial vagina of tendon of posterior muscle of shin bone; upper aperture of pelvis; lateral surface of testis; root of nail; lower vault of conjunctiva; ciliary part of retina.

C.Greater palatine canal; cartilage of partition of nose; cavity of tooth; oral fissure (fissure of mouth); root, back and apex of nose; vestibular surface of tooth; medial upper incisor; infraorbital canal of upper jaw.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION 8

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UNIT 9

NEUTER NOUNS OF III DECLENSION

Neuter nouns of the Third Declension may also vary both in their Nominative Singular terminations and in their Genitive Singular forms showing their stem types. The table below gives a clear idea of the endings in the Nominative Singular and their correlations in the Genitive Singular:

The table shows that there are certain correlations between the Nominative Singular endings and stem types manifesting themselves in the Genitive Singular. NOTE 1. The stem of Neuter Nouns of the Third Declension ending in the Nominative Singular in –us ends in –r, while that of Feminine Nouns ends in –t/- d:

=utis, =udis →f

=us

=oris,=eris,=ris→n

NOTE 2. One should distinguish Latin neuter nouns of the third declension ending in –e from Greek feminine nouns ending in -e (Genitive Singular ending - es). Compare: rete, is, n; raphe, es, f; diploё, ёs, f.

NOTE 3. One should also distinguish between Greek third declension neuter nouns ending in -ma and Latin first declension nouns ending in -ma. Compare: stroma, ǎtis, n and squama, ae, f.

The neuter words of III Declension together with exceptions are listed in Vocabulary Extension 9.

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EXERCISES

1. Build the Genitive Singular Form. Find the stem of the word:

Abdōmen; semen; nomen; inguen; forāmen; pecten; tegmen; limen; genus; pectus; tempus; crus; pus; sulfur; femur; stroma; systēma; carcinōma; rete; ile; fel (fellis); mel; pulvĭnar; calcar; thenar; caput; occĭput; sincĭput.

2. Translate the following terms into Latin:

A.Lower mediastinum; incisure of pancreas; broncho-esophageal muscle; basis of renal pyramid; upper part of duodenum; cortex of ovary; upper end of testicle (testis, is m); abdominal part of aorta; greater curvature of stomach; uterine end; superior vault of conjunctiva.

B.Lateral region of neck; upper constrictor muscle of pharynx; palatine aponeurosis; capsule of pancreas; external oblique muscle of abdomen; mucosa of mouth; cardiac impression of lung; body of hyoid bone; abdominal part of ureter; the longest muscle of head; anterior region of face; membranaceous wall of trachea; sphenooccipital primary cartilaginous joint; palatovaginal canal; mastoid margin of occipital bone; ala of plowshare; posterior margin of petrosal pyramid; basis of heart.

C.Cartilage of partition of nose; buccal muscle; straight part of larynx; pharyngeal recess; root of upper canine tooth; lateral cartilage of nose; free part of gum; neck of tooth; basis and body of lower jaw.

3. Make adjectives agree with nouns:

Head (lateral, profound, oblique, transverse, long, short); Glomus (carotid, coccygeal, aortal);

Crus (membranaceous, osseous, simple, medial, lateral, common (= communis, e), right, left, short, long);

Foramen (great / occipital, mastoid, spinous, jugular, incisive, round, oval); System (nervous, lymphatic, urogenital);

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Body (ciliary, cavernous);

Kidney (right, left; cystic; mobile);

Net (arterial; palmar; articular).

4. Translate the terms. State their Dictionary Entry Form:

Name; temple; thigh; wall; lung; foot; leg/shank; abdomen; net; trochanter; head; occiput; chest; encephalon coat (2 variants); heart; pancreas; liver; pelvis; skin; tooth; vault.

5.Derive adjectives of the 1st group from nouns using: a) the suffix –ic(us):

Pubes, is, f; trochanter, eris, m; masseter, eris, m; gaster, tris, f; pylorus, i, m; pancreas, atis, n; carotis, idis, f; thorax, acis, m; ureter, eris, m; hepar, atis, n; diaphragma, atis, n; pelvis, is, f;

b) the suffix –e(us):

larynx, ngis, m; pharynx, ngis, m; tendo, inis, m; cartilago, inis, f; metacarpus, i, m; coccyx, ygis, m.

Derive the adjectives of the 2nd group using the suffix –al:

Sternum, i, n; frons, frontis, f; pulmo, onis, m; occiput, itis, n; apex, icis, m; margo, inis, m; os, oris, n; dens, dentis, m; abdomen, inis, n; paries, etis, m; peritoneum, i, n; tempus, oris, n; lien, enis, m; ren, renis, m; cortex, icis, m.

6.Translate the following terms:

Pyloric part of stomach; wing of vomer; basis of heart; uterine cavity; root of lung; cortex of suprarenal gland; body of shin-bone; abdominal part of ureter; superficial lymphatic vessel; left lobe of liver; roof of tympanic cavity; internal carotid artery; renal pelvis; thyroid cartilage; canal of cervix of uterus; external oblique muscle of abdomen; apex of head of calf-bone; ventricle of pharynx; palatine aponeurosis; tuber of heelbone; joint of knee; capsule of pancreas; mucosa of mouth; anterior part of the face;

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mastoid edge of occipital bone; medial process of tuber of heelbone; body of hyoid bone; alveolar opening of lower jaw; palatinovaginal canal; vomeronasal cartilage; incisive opening of palatine process; sphenoccipital synchondrosis; symphysis of lower jaw; point (cuspis, idis, f) of tooth; cardiac impression of lung; longest muscle of head; upper muscle narrowing the pharynx; root of tongue; membranaceous wall of trachea; posterior nucleus of trapezoid body.

VOCABULARY EXTENSION 9

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