In a natural logarithm of a

F(x), f(x) function of x

У ⁼ f(x) У is a function of x

the derivative of у

dydf(x)

dx with respect to x

—£ the second derivative of у dx²

with respect to x a' lei] prime, dash

dx'

fl"[ei] second, double prime, double dashed

a_n [ei] sub n, subscribed n

\ integral sign

Л double integral

( ) parentheses

[ ] brackets

{ } braces

LCM (1cm) least common multi­ple

GCD (gcd) greatest common di­visor

Z angle

L right angle

J_ perpendicular (is perpendicular to)

| | parallel (is parallel to)

Д triangle

о parallelogram

□ square

О circle

П arc; АЛВ (arc AB)

0 Degrees (of arc or angle)

' minutes of arc or angle; foot, feet

" seconds (of arc or angle); inches

sin A — sine of A

cos A — cosine of A

tan A — tangent of A

cot A (or ctn A) - cotangent of A

sec A — secant of A

cosec A (or esc A) — cosecant of A

437

A few examples of reading mathematical expressions

Arithmetic

Addition 12 + 13 = 25 Twelve plus thirteen is (masks equals) twenty-five addend — слагаемое sum — сумма

Subtraction 71 — 24 = 47 Seventy one minus twenty four is (equals ) forty-seven

minuend — уменьшаемое subtrahend — вычитаемое remainder, difference - разность

Multiplication 8 x 6 = 48 Six times eight is forty-eight (eight multiplied by six is forty-eight) multiplicant — множимое multiplier (factor) — множитель product — произведение

Division 90 : 9 = 10 Ninety divided by nine is ten

divident — делимое divisor — делитель quotient — частное

Fractions

Decimal fractions

0.4 nought point four (0 [eu] point four)

Common fractions

— a half (one second); - a quarter2 4

(one forth)

²- (2 3 ^v

nator)

⁵- (5 3 ^v

nator)

Proper fractions

- numerator, 3 — denomi-

Improper fractions

- numerator, 3 — denomi-

1 2 5s 7- (9 3 9

tor)

Mixed number

common denomina-

0.06 nought point nought six (0 [eu] point 0 [eu] six)

.2 point two (period two, two tenth)

.37 point thirty seven (period thirty-seven)

652.47 six hundred fifty-two point forty seven (six five two point forty-seven)

1.007 one point 0 [eu] 0 [eu] seven

Power

raise to a power — возводить в степень

in the second power — во второй степени, в квадрате

in the third power — в третьей степени, в кубе

in the n-th power — в л-ной сте­пени

З³ 3 cubed (three to the third power)

Ъа² three a to the second power (3 — coefficient; a — base; 2 — expo­nent)

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Evolution

J~ square root (radical sign) Ц~ cubic root

V4 = 2 the square root of four is

two

Ratio

H

— ratio H per L; H to L

jLi

у =f(x) у is a. function of x

—, the derivative of у with

dx dx

respect to x

d²y

—ir the second derivative of

djc²

у with respect to x

826. one; a unit single; once

827. two; a pair; a couple; double; twice; twice the number; twice as much

828. three; triple; three times 12 a dozen