- •Рецензенты: т.И. Мучник, н.В. Корытина
- •Isbn 5-7038-2599-7
- •Предисловие к 1-му изданию
- •Lesson 1
- •Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, Passive
- •Science —- наука -» scientific — научный; basis — основа -» basic — основной
- •It's hard to keep up both sports and studies.
- •I am a first-year student.
- •He was a Rising Star
- •Text 1с
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •Text id
- •Lesson 2
- •Предтекстовые упражнения
- •Известный
- •Техт 2а
- •Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •6. Large-scale experiments in 6. Is that air and water pollutionthis area is reaching very large proportions.
- •Lesson 3
- •Text 3d. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy
- •Словообразование
- •Text 3b
- •A Great Citizen of the World
- •In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day. Text 3c
- •Solar Light by Night
- •In the case of
- •Save the Planet
- •Lesson 4
- •To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
- •Notes to the Text
- •In a surprisingly short time
- •1. Has been replaced by colourtelevision.
- •2. The development of tv becamedigital television in which the usualsignal is replaced by a digital code.
- •Lesson 5
- •Суффикс существительного -иге nature — природа; culture — культура
- •Is there an End to the Computer Race?
- •Lesson 6
- •A Trick on a President
- •Text 6b
- •Composite Ceramics
- •Revision of lessons 4-6
- •Lesson 7
- •Lesson 8
- •Virtual Laboratory Expands nasa Research
- •Lesson 9
- •If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
- •Revision of lessons 7-9
- •Lesson 10
- •I Want to Read Faster
- •Lesson 12
- •Text 12c. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the iss
- •Revision of lessons 10-12
- •Supplementary texts
- •Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
- •Notes to the Text
- •Computer Graphics
- •Справочник
- •§ 1. Глагол to be
- •§ 2. Глагол то have
- •§ 4. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (Personal and Possessive Pronouns)
- •§ 5. Времена группы Simple Active
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)
- •The Past Simple Tense (Прошедшее неопределенное время)
- •The Future Simple Tense (Будущее неопределенное время)
- •The Simple (Active)
- •Порядок слов в предложениях
- •§ 7. Основные формы глаголов
- •Основные формы глагола
- •§ 8. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •The Passive Voice (Simple)
- •§ 9. Особенности перевода пассивной конструкции
- •§ 10. Предлог (The Preposition)
- •§ Lb Времена группы Continuous
- •The Continuous (Active)
- •§ 12. Функции и перевод it
- •§ 13. Функции и перевод one
- •§ 14. Функции и перевод that
- •§ 15. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 16. Времена группы Perfect
- •The Perfect (Active)
- •The Perfect (Passive)
- •§ 17. Соответствие английских временных форм временным формам глагола в русском языке
- •Lesson 4
- •§ 19. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 20. Согласование времен
- •§ 21. Дополнение (The Object)
- •§ 22. Определение (The Attribute)
- •§ 23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные
- •Употребление местоимений some, any, no, every
- •§ 24. Модальные глаголы (The Modal Verbs)
- •§ 25. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 26. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 27. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастий
- •§ 28. Функции причастия в предложении. Основные способы перевода
- •§ 29. Независимый причастный оборот
- •Lesson 8
- •§ 30. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Формы герундия
- •Функции герундия
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •Функции герундия и причастия
- •Lesson 9
- •§ 31. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 32. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •§ 33. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 34. Инфинитив как часть сложного дополнения (The Complex Object)
- •§ 35. Инфинитив как часть сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject)
- •§ 36. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 37. Употребление различных форм сослагательного наклонения
- •§ 38. Особенности страдательного залога
- •1. Nobody thought that the company would lose a lot of money. 2. The company has decided to sell the factory in Leeds. 3. Our sales manager cannot get used to being an unsuccessful businessman.
- •Banking on a Web Lifestyle
- •12. The ... Of living means how much people pay for things.13.... Of living is the level of money and comfort people have.
- •Value ... Waste
- •Various ... Minor
- •In other words, information can automatically be analyzed and compared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.
- •Vital c.
- •Virtually
- •Vital b. Budget
- •Flexible Logistics Systems
- •Very great, enormous
- •Supplementary texts
- •Notes to the Text
- •Interesting and difficult
- •Ten Attributes of a Good Employee
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Value f'vaelju:] п стоимость, цена vital [Vaitl] я жизненно важный, крайне необходимый
- •Дополнительные материалы для специальности «юриспруденция»
- •Investigate
- •Judicial Institutions (Courts)
- •In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of
- •11. Appeal
- •3. Articled clerk — служащий конторы солиситора, выполняющий свою работу в порядке платы за обучение профессии солиситора
- •It also includes temporary9 modification. It would appear to cover sending someone a disc with a virus on it that was intended to damage the working of the computer.
- •It is possible to be guilty of criminal damage of computers if there has been a physical change to some components of the computer. Notes to the Text
- •The Jury
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Наиболее употребительные союзы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •In a natural logarithm of a
- •0 Degrees (of arc or angle)
- •Arithmetic
- •20 A score
- •Оглавление
- •Ирина Валентиновна Орловская
- •105318, Г. Москва, Измайловское шоссе, 4.
- •445043, Г. Тольятти, Южное шоссе, 30.
Notes to the Text
to have a look — взглянуть, посмотреть
to break out — начаться, разразиться
pocket-size — карманный
liquid-crystal display — устройство изображения на жидких кристаллах
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once a week — раз в неделю
high-definition television (HDTV) — телевидение высокой четкости
high resolution television — телевидение с большим разрешением
width-to-height ratio — отношение ширины к высоте
plasma display panel technology — производство плазменных панелей
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 11. Просмотрите текст 4А и ответьте на вопросы.
1. When did the first TV set appear? 2.Were people interested in the new invention? 3. Why was the TV production stopped in 1940? 4. What is cable television? 5. What is digital television? 6. What is high-definition television?
Упражнение 12. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста 4А.
1. A lot of people owned television sets in the first years after its invention. 2. First television black-and-white pictures were excellent. 3. Only few people owned television sets in the next few years after their appearance. 4. Black-and-white television was rapidly replacing colour television. 5. First television black-and-white pictures were not very good. 6. Only a few years ago colour television was rapidly replacing black-and-white television. 7. When the war was over, TV sets stopped coming off factory assembly lines. 8. After World War II TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines.
Упражнение 13. Найдите в тексте 4А предложения, в которых использовано правило согласования времен, и переведите их.
Упражнение 14. Прочитайте и укажите способы присоединения придаточных дополнительных предложений к главному.
1. It was reported in 1939 that the first TV set was shown at the World Fair in New York. 2. The students wanted to know whether colour television sets were produced at that plant. 3. After the war when the mass production of TV sets began, people realized they wanted to have a TV set at home. 4. Experiments proved that electricity could travel instantly over a long piece of wire. 5. Can you tell me whether satellites are used for telephone communication? 6. It became clear television had a great influence on people's life.
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7. Russian newspapers informed that about 2,000 satellites had been launched into the orbit. 8. We did not know whether the development of television had continued during the war. 9. We know he works at the problem of space communication.
Упражнение 15. Прочитайте и найдите предложения, где использовано правило согласования времен.
1. Some years ago India began its Satellite Instructional Television Experiment. This experiment showed (that) satellite television programs had been a success with schoolchildren, their knowledge level had increased considerably. It was found that children could remember and speak about programs which they had seen several weelc^back. 2. Many experts could not decide whether so much TV was harmful to the individual's health and mental activity or not. 3. Specialists did not know if it was possible to continue modernizing the electronic equipment of this kind — the costs were too high. 4. There appeared some reports that we had technical means to use much more channels on a TV set and we should be able to see many sports and news programs from all parts of the world soon. 5. At first it was not clear whether new telephone and teletype communication with ships via six satellites was economical and reliable or not. 6. It was announced that the cryogenic cable had been invented in Russia. 7. We read that for the first time electricity had been applied for industrial use in silver workshops in Paris. 8. We know different transmitters are used in a television system — one for the sound channel and the other for the picture channel. 9. We learnt from the lecture that electricity was still considered the main source for new technological developments.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ
Упражнение 16. Выберите правильный перевод следующих слов:
attention — внимательно, внимательный, внимание; surprisingly — удивительный, удивление, удивительно; recorder — записывающее устройство, запись, записывать; convenient — удобство, удобный, созывать; numerous — бесчисленный, количество, многочисленный.
Упражнение 17. Назовите основу, от которой образованы следующие слова:
development, conveniently, communication, production, continuous, beginning, transmitter, action, recorder, electronic, si-
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multaneously, different, usable, central, calculator, possibility, disconnect.
Упражнение 18. Выпишите сначала синонимы, а затем антонимы.
tiny — small; to disappear — to appear; a lot of — many; different — various; next — following; short — long; to watch — to see; program — show; commonly — usually; less — more; possible — impossible; true — untrue; small — large; nowadays — at present, now; large — tremendous; advance — progress; to start — to begin; major — main; to report — to announce; to occur — to take place; convenient — suitable.
Упражнение 19. Расположите слова в алфавитном порядке.
true, picture, telephone, communication; world, research, assembly, invention; own, beginning, telegraph, central; satellite, first, artificial, convenient; turn, videotape, transmit, size.
Упражнение 20. Назовите в следующих парах первое по алфавиту слово.
concept/concert; complete/compare; invention/invasion; available/availability; commonly/commonless; commune/commit; compulsory/compunction.
Упражнение 21. Напишите исходную форму, по которой нужно искать слово в словаре.
boxes, matches, beginning, tinier, owned, boundaries, possibly, replacing, less.
Упражнение 22. Найдите в словаре подходящее значение для выделенных слов или словосочетаний.
1. The Japanese companies developed the first pocket-size colour television set. 2. Man first set foot on the Moon in July, 1969.
Special telephone sets are used at plants in tropical sea climate.
A great Russian scientist A.N. Krylov took an active part in the work of the first Atomic Commission set up at the Optical Institute. 5. It was Popov who constructed the first radio set. 6. One of the global tasks nowadays is to set up solar power plants on high orbits. 7. Ships are equipped with radar sets helping them to orient at sea.
Упражнение 23. Найдите в словаре и запомните значения выделенных слов.
1. New directions of research in robotics were discussed at the last conference. 2. There is no direct connection between those
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processes. 3. This program is directed toward the scientific study of various physico-chemical processes. 4. Our scientists must direct their attention to the development of new technologies. 5. Further human progress is directly connected with the scientific and technological progress. 6. Our task is to develop technological processes without a direct participation of man. 7. The future of mankind depends on the direction in which scientific and technological progress will be developing. 8. There is a direct communication between spacecrafts and the Earth, and between spacecrafts as well.
Упражнение 24. Поставьте глагол, приведенный в скобках, в соответствующих времени и форме.
The Life of a Student
While I (walk) across the campus (университетский городок) the other day, I (meet) my old friend Bill, whom I (see, not) since May. Naturally, we (stop) (talk) to each other for a few minutes. I asked him how he (do) in his classes that semester. He told me that he (take) a course in English that semester. He said that he (complete) the elementary course two semesters before, and by the next semester he (be) ready (take) the most difficult English course offered at this school. He also said that he (be) interested in getting his degree as soon as possible and he (ask, already) his adviser for permission to take the final examination. «I am glad (hear) that you (make) such good progress», I (say) to Bill. Then I asked him if he (can) tell me the secret of his success. He answered that the secret of his success (be) simple and he (study) at least two hours a day to improve his English.
After that I told Bill I (have) a little difficulty with my course in French at the moment. I said that I (study, not) very hard the last semester, but I (work) harder in the future.
Упражнение 25. Прочитайте текст. Перескажите его содержание, используя косвенную речь.
Albert Einstein liked the film with Charlie Chaplin. Once he wrote a letter to Chaplin:
«Everybody in the world understands your film "Golden Fever" ("Золотая лихорадка"). You will become a great man by all means.»
Chaplin's answer was:
«I like you even more. Nobody in the world understands your "Theory of Relativity" and you have already become a great man.»
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Упражнение 26. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. find, broke, putting, hung, began, seen.
Упражнение 27. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря.
Recently it was reported in the press that the USA was trying to build bigger, better and much more expensive TV sets. Experts declared that it was the most important change in television since the invention of colour television. They informed that a new kind of television had images so clear that watching it was like looking through a window.
But it became known that Japanese specialists had started their work on HDTV when nobody else in the world was thinking how to improve TV. The inventors expected that their standard for high-definition television would be used throughout the world. However, the Europeans have announced that they would set their own standard. And now it is not clear whether the Japanese standard will be used or not. Some people consider that a single high-definition TV standard will allow to exchange news and may bring nations together.
CONVERSATION Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
1. What invention was the center of attention at the World Fair in New York in 1939? (the first black-and-white television set) 2. What stopped the TV production? (World War II) 3. What influence has had television on people's life and way of thinking? (great influence; boundaries of time and space have disappeared) 4. What kinds of TV exist now? (satellite, cable, colour, digital and high-definition television) 5. What is the latest and the most important stage in the development of television since the appearance of colour television? (high-definition television) 6. What is the advantage of high-definition television? (the television of much higher resolution) 7. What technology makes HDTV commercially practicable now? (plasma display panel technology)
Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.