- •Рецензенты: т.И. Мучник, н.В. Корытина
- •Isbn 5-7038-2599-7
- •Предисловие к 1-му изданию
- •Lesson 1
- •Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, Passive
- •Science —- наука -» scientific — научный; basis — основа -» basic — основной
- •It's hard to keep up both sports and studies.
- •I am a first-year student.
- •He was a Rising Star
- •Text 1с
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •Text id
- •Lesson 2
- •Предтекстовые упражнения
- •Известный
- •Техт 2а
- •Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •6. Large-scale experiments in 6. Is that air and water pollutionthis area is reaching very large proportions.
- •Lesson 3
- •Text 3d. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy
- •Словообразование
- •Text 3b
- •A Great Citizen of the World
- •In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day. Text 3c
- •Solar Light by Night
- •In the case of
- •Save the Planet
- •Lesson 4
- •To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
- •Notes to the Text
- •In a surprisingly short time
- •1. Has been replaced by colourtelevision.
- •2. The development of tv becamedigital television in which the usualsignal is replaced by a digital code.
- •Lesson 5
- •Суффикс существительного -иге nature — природа; culture — культура
- •Is there an End to the Computer Race?
- •Lesson 6
- •A Trick on a President
- •Text 6b
- •Composite Ceramics
- •Revision of lessons 4-6
- •Lesson 7
- •Lesson 8
- •Virtual Laboratory Expands nasa Research
- •Lesson 9
- •If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
- •Revision of lessons 7-9
- •Lesson 10
- •I Want to Read Faster
- •Lesson 12
- •Text 12c. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the iss
- •Revision of lessons 10-12
- •Supplementary texts
- •Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
- •Notes to the Text
- •Computer Graphics
- •Справочник
- •§ 1. Глагол to be
- •§ 2. Глагол то have
- •§ 4. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (Personal and Possessive Pronouns)
- •§ 5. Времена группы Simple Active
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)
- •The Past Simple Tense (Прошедшее неопределенное время)
- •The Future Simple Tense (Будущее неопределенное время)
- •The Simple (Active)
- •Порядок слов в предложениях
- •§ 7. Основные формы глаголов
- •Основные формы глагола
- •§ 8. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •The Passive Voice (Simple)
- •§ 9. Особенности перевода пассивной конструкции
- •§ 10. Предлог (The Preposition)
- •§ Lb Времена группы Continuous
- •The Continuous (Active)
- •§ 12. Функции и перевод it
- •§ 13. Функции и перевод one
- •§ 14. Функции и перевод that
- •§ 15. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 16. Времена группы Perfect
- •The Perfect (Active)
- •The Perfect (Passive)
- •§ 17. Соответствие английских временных форм временным формам глагола в русском языке
- •Lesson 4
- •§ 19. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 20. Согласование времен
- •§ 21. Дополнение (The Object)
- •§ 22. Определение (The Attribute)
- •§ 23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные
- •Употребление местоимений some, any, no, every
- •§ 24. Модальные глаголы (The Modal Verbs)
- •§ 25. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 26. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 27. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастий
- •§ 28. Функции причастия в предложении. Основные способы перевода
- •§ 29. Независимый причастный оборот
- •Lesson 8
- •§ 30. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Формы герундия
- •Функции герундия
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •Функции герундия и причастия
- •Lesson 9
- •§ 31. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 32. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •§ 33. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 34. Инфинитив как часть сложного дополнения (The Complex Object)
- •§ 35. Инфинитив как часть сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject)
- •§ 36. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 37. Употребление различных форм сослагательного наклонения
- •§ 38. Особенности страдательного залога
- •1. Nobody thought that the company would lose a lot of money. 2. The company has decided to sell the factory in Leeds. 3. Our sales manager cannot get used to being an unsuccessful businessman.
- •Banking on a Web Lifestyle
- •12. The ... Of living means how much people pay for things.13.... Of living is the level of money and comfort people have.
- •Value ... Waste
- •Various ... Minor
- •In other words, information can automatically be analyzed and compared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.
- •Vital c.
- •Virtually
- •Vital b. Budget
- •Flexible Logistics Systems
- •Very great, enormous
- •Supplementary texts
- •Notes to the Text
- •Interesting and difficult
- •Ten Attributes of a Good Employee
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Value f'vaelju:] п стоимость, цена vital [Vaitl] я жизненно важный, крайне необходимый
- •Дополнительные материалы для специальности «юриспруденция»
- •Investigate
- •Judicial Institutions (Courts)
- •In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of
- •11. Appeal
- •3. Articled clerk — служащий конторы солиситора, выполняющий свою работу в порядке платы за обучение профессии солиситора
- •It also includes temporary9 modification. It would appear to cover sending someone a disc with a virus on it that was intended to damage the working of the computer.
- •It is possible to be guilty of criminal damage of computers if there has been a physical change to some components of the computer. Notes to the Text
- •The Jury
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Наиболее употребительные союзы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •In a natural logarithm of a
- •0 Degrees (of arc or angle)
- •Arithmetic
- •20 A score
- •Оглавление
- •Ирина Валентиновна Орловская
- •105318, Г. Москва, Измайловское шоссе, 4.
- •445043, Г. Тольятти, Южное шоссе, 30.
Lesson 5
Определения
Определительные придаточные предложения
Слова carry и mean и словосочетания с ними
Суффиксы -/ve, -иге
Префикс super-
Text 5А. Is there an End to the Computer Race ?
Text 5B. Computers Concern You
Text 5C.
Text 5D. The Library of Congress
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1. Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на разные способы выражения определения.
a new invention, to be of great importance, books available in this library, at this time, our professor's lectures, the building of their institute, an institute's library, a television programme, our central TV programme, the first television set, the first pocket-size colour television set, today's shows, a tiny nine-by-twelve inch box, the 1939 World Fair, a reading room, people living in different time zones of the country, modern TV sets appearing now, a written text, a factory built in Siberia, an article to translate, the first to translate those texts.
Упражнение 2. Укажите предложения, где выделенное слово является определением.
1. Complex systems of radio transmission networks have been set up throughout the world. 2. Scientists all over the world were quick to realize the importance of radio and contributed much to
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its further development. 3. The Russian scientist A.S.Popov worked much at the problem of radio communication. 4. It is necessary to radio the latest news to distant parts of the country. 5. The system of communication in any country is unthinkable today without satellites. 6. Electronic technology has made it possible to set up automatic communication systems. 7. A new international orbital system provides telephone, telegraph and telex communication with ships practically in every part of the World Ocean. 8. It is known that a photon is a particle of light. 9. Some specialists expect that a photon can greatly increase the operation of a computer. 10. Photon computers are quite possible in the not so far future.
Упражнение 3. Найдите определения в предложениях и переведите их.
A. 1. There are twenty-five students in our group, five studentsgot excellent marks for all their exams. 2. Students studying at ourinstitute must know mathematics well. 3. The device made at ourlaboratory will be used in industry. 4. It is a short and easy text, ourstudents don't need a dictionary to translate it. 5. Scientists working at new computers have a lot of different problems to solve. 6. Acitizen of our country was the first to circle the globe. 7. The firsttelevision black-and-white pictures produced a sensation in 1939.8. A tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was displayed at the 1939 WorldFair. 9. Now we can see many different radio and TV sets in everyhouse. 10. Computers of different types and sizes have appeared inevery country of the world.
B. 1. Materials necessary at present to produce supercomputersare difficult to make. 2. A system capable of transmitting long distance messages was developed at the end of the last century. 3. People present at the World Fair in New York were interested in the newinvention. 4. Some general engineering subjects difficult for thefirst-year students are necessary for studying specialized subjects.
Упражнение 4. Назовите подлежащее придаточного определительного предложения, переведите и укажите, где можно опустить союзное слово.
1. Morse invented a code that used dots and dashes for letters of the alphabet. 2. Al. Bell found an assistant who was a specialist in electrical engineering. 3. They wanted to build a machine which people could use to talk over long distances. 4. A television screen and camera that will be used with a usual telephone are very small. 5. People who come to the Aircraft Fair in Paris see new designs of aircraft from different countries. 6. Bell did not know German
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which most writers of scientific and technical papers used at the time. 7. The decimal system that was developed by French scientists was introduced in Russia by D.I. Mendeleev.
Упражнение 5. Измените предложения, где это возможно, согласно образцам и переведите.
A. Например: The experiments which Popov made were discussed at the University meeting. The experiments Popov made were discussed at the University meeting.
1. Newton's great work which was published in 1687 is called «Principia». 2. The Russian Chemical Society which is named after Mendeleev was organised more than a century ago. 3. The subjects that the students study in the first and second years are very important for their future speciality. 4. The invention which Popov made did not interest the government.
B. Например: The laboratory in which the students will work is in a new building. The laboratory which the students will work in is in a new building. The laboratory the students will work in is in a new building.
1. The film about which we were told had been made several years before. 2. The magazine in which a very interesting article is published is available in our library. 3. The material of which this instrument is made is a new one. 4. This is a subject about which we don't know much. 5. The cosmonauts about whom we heard so much came to our town. 6. Have you seen the main components which the new device consists of?
Упражнение 6. Найдите бессоюзные определительные придаточные предложения, переведите их.
1. The building our students live in is not far from the institute. 2. Bell was making his experiment in a room next to the room Watson worked in. 3. For a long time Bell couldn't get the results he was looking for. 4. The discovery of Newton's mistake we shall read about was made by a young physicist. 5. When Roentgen made his discovery the room he was experimenting in was dark. 6. The plant this material is produced at is in the Urals. 7. The problem this article deals with is connected with the subject we study. 8. It is difficult to imagine the world we live in without radio, television and telephone.
Упражнение 7. Определите, являются ли выделенные слова существительным или глаголом. Назовите подтверждающие это признаки.
1. this means that; this means; it means; new means; this means is. 2. this increase is; this increases; it increases; nothing increases;
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its increase. 3. these results; this results in; both results; this result; both result in; it results from.
Упражнение 8. Переведите выделенные словосочетания, обращая внимание на различные значения слова carry,
1. During the course of study students carry out practical work in well-equipped laboratories. 2. People are carried by airplanes, ships, trains and cars equipped with electronic devices. 3. Intensive work and research are being carried out on new robots in many countries. 4. A new computer carries out a few hundred thousand calculations in a few seconds. 5. Peter, help me carry this heavy box, please.
Упражнение 9. Найдите русские эквиваленты для следующих словосочетаний.
to be in general usage; electronically controlled; in other words; of a few square millimetres; commonly; the more ..., the more; operation by operation; according to; advantage over; a thousand times faster.
согласно; размером в несколько мм; с электронным управлением; чем больше ..., тем больше; являться общеупотребительным; операция за операцией; обычно; в 1000 раз быстрее; другими словами; преимущество по сравнению.
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ Упражнение 10. А. Переведите следующие производные слова:
глагол или существительное + -ive = прилагательное
to act — действовать -» active — деятельный
intensity- интенсивность -> intensive- интенсивный
to conserve — conservative, progress — progressive, effect — effective, mass — massive, to react — reactive;