- •Рецензенты: т.И. Мучник, н.В. Корытина
- •Isbn 5-7038-2599-7
- •Предисловие к 1-му изданию
- •Lesson 1
- •Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, Passive
- •Science —- наука -» scientific — научный; basis — основа -» basic — основной
- •It's hard to keep up both sports and studies.
- •I am a first-year student.
- •He was a Rising Star
- •Text 1с
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •Text id
- •Lesson 2
- •Предтекстовые упражнения
- •Известный
- •Техт 2а
- •Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •6. Large-scale experiments in 6. Is that air and water pollutionthis area is reaching very large proportions.
- •Lesson 3
- •Text 3d. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy
- •Словообразование
- •Text 3b
- •A Great Citizen of the World
- •In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day. Text 3c
- •Solar Light by Night
- •In the case of
- •Save the Planet
- •Lesson 4
- •To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
- •Notes to the Text
- •In a surprisingly short time
- •1. Has been replaced by colourtelevision.
- •2. The development of tv becamedigital television in which the usualsignal is replaced by a digital code.
- •Lesson 5
- •Суффикс существительного -иге nature — природа; culture — культура
- •Is there an End to the Computer Race?
- •Lesson 6
- •A Trick on a President
- •Text 6b
- •Composite Ceramics
- •Revision of lessons 4-6
- •Lesson 7
- •Lesson 8
- •Virtual Laboratory Expands nasa Research
- •Lesson 9
- •If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
- •Revision of lessons 7-9
- •Lesson 10
- •I Want to Read Faster
- •Lesson 12
- •Text 12c. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the iss
- •Revision of lessons 10-12
- •Supplementary texts
- •Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
- •Notes to the Text
- •Computer Graphics
- •Справочник
- •§ 1. Глагол to be
- •§ 2. Глагол то have
- •§ 4. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (Personal and Possessive Pronouns)
- •§ 5. Времена группы Simple Active
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)
- •The Past Simple Tense (Прошедшее неопределенное время)
- •The Future Simple Tense (Будущее неопределенное время)
- •The Simple (Active)
- •Порядок слов в предложениях
- •§ 7. Основные формы глаголов
- •Основные формы глагола
- •§ 8. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •The Passive Voice (Simple)
- •§ 9. Особенности перевода пассивной конструкции
- •§ 10. Предлог (The Preposition)
- •§ Lb Времена группы Continuous
- •The Continuous (Active)
- •§ 12. Функции и перевод it
- •§ 13. Функции и перевод one
- •§ 14. Функции и перевод that
- •§ 15. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 16. Времена группы Perfect
- •The Perfect (Active)
- •The Perfect (Passive)
- •§ 17. Соответствие английских временных форм временным формам глагола в русском языке
- •Lesson 4
- •§ 19. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 20. Согласование времен
- •§ 21. Дополнение (The Object)
- •§ 22. Определение (The Attribute)
- •§ 23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные
- •Употребление местоимений some, any, no, every
- •§ 24. Модальные глаголы (The Modal Verbs)
- •§ 25. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 26. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 27. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастий
- •§ 28. Функции причастия в предложении. Основные способы перевода
- •§ 29. Независимый причастный оборот
- •Lesson 8
- •§ 30. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Формы герундия
- •Функции герундия
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •Функции герундия и причастия
- •Lesson 9
- •§ 31. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 32. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •§ 33. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 34. Инфинитив как часть сложного дополнения (The Complex Object)
- •§ 35. Инфинитив как часть сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject)
- •§ 36. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 37. Употребление различных форм сослагательного наклонения
- •§ 38. Особенности страдательного залога
- •1. Nobody thought that the company would lose a lot of money. 2. The company has decided to sell the factory in Leeds. 3. Our sales manager cannot get used to being an unsuccessful businessman.
- •Banking on a Web Lifestyle
- •12. The ... Of living means how much people pay for things.13.... Of living is the level of money and comfort people have.
- •Value ... Waste
- •Various ... Minor
- •In other words, information can automatically be analyzed and compared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.
- •Vital c.
- •Virtually
- •Vital b. Budget
- •Flexible Logistics Systems
- •Very great, enormous
- •Supplementary texts
- •Notes to the Text
- •Interesting and difficult
- •Ten Attributes of a Good Employee
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Value f'vaelju:] п стоимость, цена vital [Vaitl] я жизненно важный, крайне необходимый
- •Дополнительные материалы для специальности «юриспруденция»
- •Investigate
- •Judicial Institutions (Courts)
- •In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of
- •11. Appeal
- •3. Articled clerk — служащий конторы солиситора, выполняющий свою работу в порядке платы за обучение профессии солиситора
- •It also includes temporary9 modification. It would appear to cover sending someone a disc with a virus on it that was intended to damage the working of the computer.
- •It is possible to be guilty of criminal damage of computers if there has been a physical change to some components of the computer. Notes to the Text
- •The Jury
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Наиболее употребительные союзы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •In a natural logarithm of a
- •0 Degrees (of arc or angle)
- •Arithmetic
- •20 A score
- •Оглавление
- •Ирина Валентиновна Орловская
- •105318, Г. Москва, Измайловское шоссе, 4.
- •445043, Г. Тольятти, Южное шоссе, 30.
3. Articled clerk — служащий конторы солиситора, выполняющий свою работу в порядке платы за обучение профессии солиситора
Упражнение 1. Составьте словосочетания глаголов из колонки А и существительных из колонки В.
А В
enter a. advice
prepare/ prepare for b. a degree in law
become с time
gain d. a problem
give e. examinations
argue f. a job
pose g. on one's behalf
speak h. a profession
get/ obtain i. guilt/ innocence
prove j. a case
take/ pass k. experience
do 1. arguments, documents/ the final exam
spend m. a lawyer
Упражнение 2. Назовите 5 словосочетаний со словами law и legal.
Упражнение 3. Заполните пропуски.
1. ... is a general term for a member of the legal profession, e.g. a judge, barrister, solicitor, law teacher, etc. 2. The common purpose of a barrister and a solicitor is to provide professional service and advice on legal... 3. Barrister is a lawyer who can speak and ... a case in one of the higher courts. 4. Attorneys are persons who are legally allowed to act on ... of someone else. 5. Solicitors may now have a right of... in certain courts. 6. At present a solicitor may choose any ... to advise his client or to appear for the client in court. 7. ... is a clerk who has passed the examination to become a solicitor but has to work in a solicitor's office for some years to learn the law. 8.... means protected by privilege, e.g. a letter from a client to his lawyer. 9. Jurors are members of a ... 10. Jurist is an expert in ... 11. Jurisprudence is science and philosophy of human ...
Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски следующими словами: legal, legally, legalize, legalization.
1. To ... is to make something legal. 2. To sue means to take ... action against someone in a civil court. 3. The directors of large commercial enterprises are ... responsible. 4. The ... of labour relations is reflected in the law of employment.
420
Упражнение 5. Заполните пропуски синонимами или словами, близкими по значению.
higher in authority
remove
limit
need / require
hand / give to smb. else
show / direct attention to
some
discuss / debate
rule / order
not general
control systematically
think
Упражнение б. Заполните пропуски антонимами.
sufficient ... guilt
incompetent ... strength
weak ... competence ...
lower court ... junior
qualify ... different
final exam ... very small
Упражнение 7. Заполните таблицу на словообразование.
Verb |
Noun |
Adjective |
exclude |
... |
|
|
practice |
... |
|
|
arguable |
|
restriction |
... |
|
... |
advisory |
|
preparation |
♦ • ♦ |
specify |
. *. |
• •. |
... |
qualification |
• • • |
weaken |
... |
♦ • • |
Упражнение 8. А. Назовите 20-25 ключевых слов и словосочетаний на тему «Professional titles in legal systems».
В. Speak about:
How to become a lawyer in different countries. SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS
To be read after Text 2
Computer crime
Computers can be used to commit all kinds of crimes. It is suggested that one could commit murder by computer if one hacked
421
into an air-traffic controller's computer system and caused aeroplanes to crash, with the intent1 to kill the passengers. Not surprisingly crimes that specifically relate to computers are relatively recent creations of statute.
Some specific computer crimes are set out in the Computer Misuse Act 1990. It is designed to protect information kept on computers. There are three particular reasons why such information needs protection by the criminal law. Firstly it is said to be very hard to safeguard information stored on a computer, particularly as often the information is intended to be accessed by a number of authorized people. By contrast information on paper can be kept in a safe or other secure2 place. Secondly the ease of destroying or corrupting data on a computer means it deserves3 special protection, particularly as it is not always possible for the owner of the computer to realize that the data have been looked at. Thirdly the highly confidential4 nature of the kind of information kept on computers (often concerning many members of the public) is such that it needs particular protection.
The act prohibits5 «hacking», i.e., gaining6 unauthorized access to computer material. The offence is committed if a defendant is entering the computer just to see what he can find. The Act also contains a more serious offence of doing this with the intent to commit another offence. The most common example is likely to be a deception (обман) offence or theft. A defendant who obtained data which he intended to use in the future to commit an offence of obtaining property by deception will still be guilty of the more serious offence.
There is also an offence of modifying computer material in an unauthorized way. This section is clearly aimed at people who alter7 computer data with intent to corrupt a program. The intent does not need to be directed towards any particular computer or data. Modification is defined as including removal of any program or data on a computer and includes adding to the contents or erasing8 them.