- •Рецензенты: т.И. Мучник, н.В. Корытина
- •Isbn 5-7038-2599-7
- •Предисловие к 1-му изданию
- •Lesson 1
- •Времена группы Indefinite (Simple) Active, Passive
- •Science —- наука -» scientific — научный; basis — основа -» basic — основной
- •It's hard to keep up both sports and studies.
- •I am a first-year student.
- •He was a Rising Star
- •Text 1с
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •Text id
- •Lesson 2
- •Предтекстовые упражнения
- •Известный
- •Техт 2а
- •Environment Protection Must Be Global
- •6. Large-scale experiments in 6. Is that air and water pollutionthis area is reaching very large proportions.
- •Lesson 3
- •Text 3d. Non-traditional Renewable Sources of Energy
- •Словообразование
- •Text 3b
- •A Great Citizen of the World
- •In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day. Text 3c
- •Solar Light by Night
- •In the case of
- •Save the Planet
- •Lesson 4
- •To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
- •Notes to the Text
- •In a surprisingly short time
- •1. Has been replaced by colourtelevision.
- •2. The development of tv becamedigital television in which the usualsignal is replaced by a digital code.
- •Lesson 5
- •Суффикс существительного -иге nature — природа; culture — культура
- •Is there an End to the Computer Race?
- •Lesson 6
- •A Trick on a President
- •Text 6b
- •Composite Ceramics
- •Revision of lessons 4-6
- •Lesson 7
- •Lesson 8
- •Virtual Laboratory Expands nasa Research
- •Lesson 9
- •If I were free, I should help you. Were I free, I should help you. If he had known about the lecture, he would have come. Had he known about the lecture, he would have come.
- •Revision of lessons 7-9
- •Lesson 10
- •I Want to Read Faster
- •Lesson 12
- •Text 12c. Living Aboard the Space Shuttle and the iss
- •Revision of lessons 10-12
- •Supplementary texts
- •Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
- •Notes to the Text
- •Computer Graphics
- •Справочник
- •§ 1. Глагол to be
- •§ 2. Глагол то have
- •§ 4. Личные и притяжательные местоимения (Personal and Possessive Pronouns)
- •§ 5. Времена группы Simple Active
- •The Present Simple Tense (Настоящее неопределенное время)
- •The Past Simple Tense (Прошедшее неопределенное время)
- •The Future Simple Tense (Будущее неопределенное время)
- •The Simple (Active)
- •Порядок слов в предложениях
- •§ 7. Основные формы глаголов
- •Основные формы глагола
- •§ 8. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •The Passive Voice (Simple)
- •§ 9. Особенности перевода пассивной конструкции
- •§ 10. Предлог (The Preposition)
- •§ Lb Времена группы Continuous
- •The Continuous (Active)
- •§ 12. Функции и перевод it
- •§ 13. Функции и перевод one
- •§ 14. Функции и перевод that
- •§ 15. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий (Comparison Degrees of Adjectives and Adverbs)
- •§ 16. Времена группы Perfect
- •The Perfect (Active)
- •The Perfect (Passive)
- •§ 17. Соответствие английских временных форм временным формам глагола в русском языке
- •Lesson 4
- •§ 19. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses)
- •§ 20. Согласование времен
- •§ 21. Дополнение (The Object)
- •§ 22. Определение (The Attribute)
- •§ 23. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no, every и их производные
- •Употребление местоимений some, any, no, every
- •§ 24. Модальные глаголы (The Modal Verbs)
- •§ 25. Функции глагола to be
- •§ 26. Функции глагола to have
- •§ 27. Причастие (The Participle)
- •Формы причастий
- •§ 28. Функции причастия в предложении. Основные способы перевода
- •§ 29. Независимый причастный оборот
- •Lesson 8
- •§ 30. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •Формы герундия
- •Функции герундия
- •Герундиальный оборот
- •Функции герундия и причастия
- •Lesson 9
- •§ 31. Условные придаточные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§ 32. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •Формы инфинитива
- •Функции инфинитива
- •§ 33. Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
- •§ 34. Инфинитив как часть сложного дополнения (The Complex Object)
- •§ 35. Инфинитив как часть сложного подлежащего (The Complex Subject)
- •§ 36. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •§ 37. Употребление различных форм сослагательного наклонения
- •§ 38. Особенности страдательного залога
- •1. Nobody thought that the company would lose a lot of money. 2. The company has decided to sell the factory in Leeds. 3. Our sales manager cannot get used to being an unsuccessful businessman.
- •Banking on a Web Lifestyle
- •12. The ... Of living means how much people pay for things.13.... Of living is the level of money and comfort people have.
- •Value ... Waste
- •Various ... Minor
- •In other words, information can automatically be analyzed and compared and summarized and brought to the attention of the people who need to know about it.
- •Vital c.
- •Virtually
- •Vital b. Budget
- •Flexible Logistics Systems
- •Very great, enormous
- •Supplementary texts
- •Notes to the Text
- •Interesting and difficult
- •Ten Attributes of a Good Employee
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Value f'vaelju:] п стоимость, цена vital [Vaitl] я жизненно важный, крайне необходимый
- •Дополнительные материалы для специальности «юриспруденция»
- •Investigate
- •Judicial Institutions (Courts)
- •In all legal systems there are institutions for creating, modifying, abolishing and applying the law. Usually these take the form of
- •11. Appeal
- •3. Articled clerk — служащий конторы солиситора, выполняющий свою работу в порядке платы за обучение профессии солиситора
- •It also includes temporary9 modification. It would appear to cover sending someone a disc with a virus on it that was intended to damage the working of the computer.
- •It is possible to be guilty of criminal damage of computers if there has been a physical change to some components of the computer. Notes to the Text
- •The Jury
- •Notes to the Text
- •Терминологический словарь
- •Наиболее употребительные союзы
- •Наиболее употребительные суффиксы
- •Наиболее употребительные префиксы
- •In a natural logarithm of a
- •0 Degrees (of arc or angle)
- •Arithmetic
- •20 A score
- •Оглавление
- •Ирина Валентиновна Орловская
- •105318, Г. Москва, Измайловское шоссе, 4.
- •445043, Г. Тольятти, Южное шоссе, 30.
To rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
practice — осуществление (на практике) -> practicable —
осуществимый to use — usable, to consider — considerable, to avail — available;
префикс dis- (имеет отрицательное значение) to appear — появляться -> to disappear — исчезать to like — to dislike, illusion — disillusion, similar — dissimilar, comfort — discomfort, to connect — to disconnect, connection — disconnection, connected — disconnected, to organize — to disorganize, organized — disorganized, organization — disorganization.
В. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:
tele- (на большом расстоянии) television, telegraph, telegraphy, telemetry phone, text, scope, printer, communication; photo- (имеющий отношение к свету или фотографии)
photon, photograph, photography, photographic copy, finish, meter, electric, sensitive.
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Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.
television ['teli,vi39nL action ['эек/эп], territory ['tenteri], material [ma'tiariel], million ['miljen], communication [k9,mju:ni'keij9n], central ['sentral], programme ['preugraem], transmission [traenz'mijan], telephone ['telifaun], cable ['keibl], signal ['signl], crystal ['kristl], code [keud], visual ['vijjuel], video, regular ['regjula], zones ['zeunz].
Упражнение 10. Прочитайте и запомните произношение следующих слов:
tiny ['taini], fair [fee], research [n'saitj"], to spread [spred], instead [in'sted], watch [wotf], provide [pra'vaid], artificial [,a:ti'fij9l], convenient [kan'vr.njent], nowadays ['nauadeiz], wire ['waia], launching ['lo:ntfiqJ, to break [breik], to produce [pra'djir.s], production [pre'dAkJan], to weigh [wei], clear [klia], major ['meidsa], available [a'veilabl], satellite ['saetalait], size [saiz], tape [teip], liquid [likwid], magazine ^maege'ziin].
СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
appear v — появляться influence п — влияниеartificial а — искусственный means п — средствоcompare v — сравнивать nowadays adv — сейчас, в на-contain v — содержать, вмещать стоящее времяcontinuous а — непрерывный occur v — происходить, возни-convenient а — удобный катьdirect а — прямой, непо- rapidly adv — быстросредственный research п — исследованиеduring ргр — в течение, во simultaneously adv — одновре-время, в продолжение менноequipment п — оборудование state v — утверждатьessentially adv — по сущест- switch on v — включатьву, главным образом time п — время, times — разetc (etcetera) — и т. д. transmit v — передаватьexist v — существовать watch v — наблюдать, смотретьfew а — мало, немного weigh v — весить, взвешиватьa few — несколько within ргр — в пределах, в, через
a lot of — много;
to be able to — мочь, быть в состоянии
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Text 4A
Прочитайте текст и найдите абзацы, содержащие информацию о развитии различных видов телевизионных систем в хронологической последовательности. Переведите.
Television
The television set is evidently the most important and popular electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are considerably more TV sets than telephones.
But in 1939 at the World's Fair in New York a tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was the centre of attention for hundreds of people. They were the first to see a television set in action. Compared to today's TV shows of underwater and outer-space research, those first black-white pictures were not very good. The pictures were only transmitted from one side of the Fair territory to the other. But in 1939 they were of historical importance.
Within a few days the news of television spread throughout the world. A lot of people wanted to have a look1 at the new invention. Everyone was interested in it. But only few people owned television sets in the next few years. When World War II broke out2 electronic factories that began the TV production stopped making them and started making war materials instead. When the war was over, TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines. By 1958 there were millions of them.
In a surprisingly short time people watched fewer films and turned from newspapers and magazines to TV. In its short history television has had great influence on people's life and way of thinking. Rocket-launching, concerts and football and tennis matches can be seen direct as they occur. The boundaries of time and space have disappeared.
At present TV communication is provided with the help of a system of artificial earth satellites so that people living in different parts of the country and all over the world and in different time zones are able to watch the central TV programs at the most convenient hours.
Nowadays many countries also have cable TV, a system using wires for the transmission of television programs (like telephone calls). Cable television first appeared in 1949 as a means of transmitting TV signals to rural and mountain areas far from big cities. Cable television's next big step forward was made by the mid — 1980s. Scientists announced that many technical problems had
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been solved and in the future it would be possible via satellite and cable TV to use more channels on a TV set at every home in the world.
Then we saw how a new technical invention, colour television, was rapidly replacing black-and-white television. Recently it was reported that the first pocket-size3 colour television set had been developed. It was stated that a liquid-crystal display4 was used similar to those on calculators and watches and that it weighed less than a pound.
A few years ago it became evident that the next major advance for TV would be digital television. In a digital system the usual continuous signal is replaced by a digital code containing detailed information on brightness, colour, etc. A digital TV set hangs on the wall like a picture. Essentially, it is a minicomputer with a visual display. Once a week5 you put the programs you like into the memory, and the TV set will automatically switch on the desired channel at the right time. You can watch several programs simultaneously on miniscreens and then produce one of them in full format. Also, the TV set can automatically video-record the programs when you are absent or occupied.
By the end of 1980s television has moved to a new and the most important stage in its development since the appearance of colour television. Technically it is called high-definition television (HDTV)6 or Hi-Vision. This is the much higher resolution television7 of the 21st century. This revolution was started by Japanese manufacturers when they developed a new video system with a picture resembling a wide-screen film more than traditional television. The new system increases the screen's width-to-height ratio8 (16:9). The result is a picture several times sharper than in the existing TV sets. Besides, recent developments in plasma display panel technology9 make HDTV commercially practicable. The plasma display makes it possible to produce a large, bright, colour, flat TV screen so thin and light that it can also be hung on a wall like a framed picture. The engineering problem that has existed almost since the first days of television may be solved now.