- •Part I
- •Text. Physics and physical phenomena
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •M. V.Lomonosov
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Measurement of Volume
- •Text. The metric system
- •Dimensions of a Solid Body
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Origin of the Metric System
- •Text. The kinetic theory and the three states of matter
- •3 Not to matter — не иметь значения will make full use — займут
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Mass and weight
- •3. Much, more, the most; little, less, the least; good, bet ter,
- •4, .,. Er than, more ... Than
- •5. At, on, over .., etc.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text, force, work, energy and power
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •1. Have supported, has altered....
- •2. Energy can be converted...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Isaac Newton
- •Text. Heat
- •1. Heat is known to be a form of energy.
- •2. You place, you placed, you have placed. They take, they took, they have taken.
- •3. Newton began to think about heat.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Transmission of heat
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Good and Bad Conductors of Heat
- •Text. Calorimeters
- •1. It is usual to transfer ...
- •2. There is; is there; there is no ...
- •3. The setting up of ...; the reading of ...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Wave motion and sound
- •1. It does not move forward but returns again...
- •2. It is evident, it is clear.
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Light
- •1. It becomes red-hot, it is the reason, it was cold...
- •2. High temperature produced by..., in a substance called... . Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Reflection and refraction of light
- •1. Do bodies emit? Does he make? Did it represent?
- •2. Have they shown? Had he travelled? Was it reflected? Is he going? Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Lenses
- •1. After leaving the lens...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Simple cell
- •1. The twitching of; the reading of...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Voltaic Cells
- •Text. The accumulator
- •1. A plate containing, a plate being immersed...
- •2. Achieved by connecting; determined by testing...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Principle of electric motor
- •1. They are used to pull...
- •2. When viewed, while doing...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Electric Bell Circuit
- •Text. Moving-coil ammeter and voltmeter
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Moving-Coil Galvanometer
- •Text. Electromotive force
Text, force, work, energy and power
Force. .Mechanics is that branch of science which deals with the action of force. We know that: 1) A force may move the body from rest. When a body is pushed, the force used cause it to move. A bar magnet exerts л force of attraction on a piece of iron. The iron moves up to the magnet. 2) A force may change the mot ion of a body already moving. The brake of a motor-car exerts a force which slows up the car. 3) A force may fail to produce a motion if opposed by another
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force. A body A may pull another body B, but if В pulls A with an equal but opposite force no movement occurs.
Work. In everyday conversation the word "work" is used to refer to almost any kind of physical and menial activity, but in the language of science it has special meaning only. An engine pulling a train is doing work: the engine exerts a force on the train, and the force moves it through a distance. For work to be done we must have a force and it must produce motion. Thus, work is done when a force is acting over a distance. The amount of performed work is equal to the product of the force by the distance. Work = Force x Distance.
Power. Machines may be classified by the speed with which they do work; thus, there are motor-car engines of small "power", as they are rated, or large power. Power is defined as the rate of doing work. It is equal to the work divided by the time which is required to perform it.
Work
Power == -------—
Time
Energy. We define energy as capacity to perform work. The world we live in abounds in energy in a variety of different forms. Perhaps the most important of these is chemical energy. Another important form of energy is electrical energy. Many hydro-electric power installations were built in our country and all over the world.
Listen and read words and word combinations to be remembered:
power ['paua] мощность speed [spi:d] скорость
push [puj] толкать rate [reit] темп, скорость
brake [breik] тормоз define Idi'fain] определять
capacity [ka'paesiti] способность slow up [slou Ap ] зд. тор-
amount [a'maunt] количество, величина, -мозить, замедлять
fail [feil] не удаваться motor-car автомобиль
refer [rife] относиться installation [insta 'leijn] установка
may fail to produce возможно не произведет
no movement occur- движении не происходит
mental activity умственная деятельность
to be equal to равняться
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by the distance на расстояние
as the rate так как скорость
hydro-electric power installations гидроэлектростанции
abound in energy обладать энергией, изобиловать энергией
Give Russian equivalents to the following words without using a dictionary:
mechanics [mi'kaniks] oppose [a'pouz]
energy ['enadji ] special ['spe l]
act [ekt] machine [mэ'ji:n]
activity [ak'tiviti] engine ['endjin]
opposite ['opozit] produce [pra'dju:s]
Models
1. sits, is sitting; stand, are standing
The sun is shining. It generally shines a lot at this time of the year. It is not raining. It rains a lot in March. The students are working in the laboratory. They work there two times a week.
2. may ask, may be asked
He may ask a question. A question may be asked by him. We may classify machines by the speed. Machines may be classified by the speed.
3. The question we discuss is very important. The house they live in was built a year ago.