- •Part I
- •Text. Physics and physical phenomena
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •M. V.Lomonosov
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Measurement of Volume
- •Text. The metric system
- •Dimensions of a Solid Body
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Origin of the Metric System
- •Text. The kinetic theory and the three states of matter
- •3 Not to matter — не иметь значения will make full use — займут
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Mass and weight
- •3. Much, more, the most; little, less, the least; good, bet ter,
- •4, .,. Er than, more ... Than
- •5. At, on, over .., etc.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text, force, work, energy and power
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •1. Have supported, has altered....
- •2. Energy can be converted...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Isaac Newton
- •Text. Heat
- •1. Heat is known to be a form of energy.
- •2. You place, you placed, you have placed. They take, they took, they have taken.
- •3. Newton began to think about heat.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Transmission of heat
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Good and Bad Conductors of Heat
- •Text. Calorimeters
- •1. It is usual to transfer ...
- •2. There is; is there; there is no ...
- •3. The setting up of ...; the reading of ...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Wave motion and sound
- •1. It does not move forward but returns again...
- •2. It is evident, it is clear.
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Light
- •1. It becomes red-hot, it is the reason, it was cold...
- •2. High temperature produced by..., in a substance called... . Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Reflection and refraction of light
- •1. Do bodies emit? Does he make? Did it represent?
- •2. Have they shown? Had he travelled? Was it reflected? Is he going? Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Lenses
- •1. After leaving the lens...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Simple cell
- •1. The twitching of; the reading of...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Voltaic Cells
- •Text. The accumulator
- •1. A plate containing, a plate being immersed...
- •2. Achieved by connecting; determined by testing...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Principle of electric motor
- •1. They are used to pull...
- •2. When viewed, while doing...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Electric Bell Circuit
- •Text. Moving-coil ammeter and voltmeter
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Moving-Coil Galvanometer
- •Text. Electromotive force
Part I
UNIT 1
Text. Physics and physical phenomena
Physics is a broad science about nature. In nature there exists a vast number of different objects. Any object (a ruler, a pencil, sand, scissors, a drop of water, a stone, the globe, etc.) is called a physical body or a body. All bodies consist of matter, Steel, copper, rubber, water, air, a stone are different kinds of matter.
Upon carefully observing different physical bodies, we notice, without any particular difficulty, that various changes take place in these bodies. All changes which occur in a physical body are known as phenomena. If a piece of ice is bought into a warm room, it melts. Water in a tea-kettle boils for a long time, all of it will be transformed into steam. A stone released from the hand falls to the earth. If we pass an electric current through the wire, the wire will become heated. The melting of ice, the boiling of water, the failing of a stone, the heating of a wire by an electric current, wind, lightning — all these are different phenomena.
Physics studies mechanics, sound, heat, electricity and magnetism, light and spectroscopy, atomic and nuclear physics and astrophysics. In addition to these fields of physics, another fields are rapidly developing. These different fields are not distinct hut merge into each other. In all cases physics deals primarily with phenomena that can be accurately described in terms of matter and energy.
Physics is one of the main sciences about nature, because the development of other sciences depends in many respects on the knowledge of physical phenomena.
Listen and read words and word combinations to be remembered:
copper ['kopa]медь change [t∫endg] изменение
observe [ab'zə:v] наблюдать occur [a'kə:] происходить
5
subjects, in history and geography for example, we learn facts and how to use or interpret them. 4. This is also true of science; but in addition, the method of discovering the facts, the experimental method, is just as important as the facts themselves. 5. We shall study some of the important aspects of physics. 6. We shall learn certain essential principles of mechanics, heat, sound, optics, electricity, magnetism and structure of matter.
7. Copy these sentences putting "water, transformed, phenomenon, steam, light, matter, electric'' in the blanks:
All bodies consist of ... . 2. Wind is a physical .... 3. An ... current is studied by us. 4. We ... streets by an electricity. 5. Water will be transformed into ... . 6. A piece of ice will be ... into ....
8. Make up all possible questions to the following sentences:
1, Scientists believe that the entire physical universe consists only of matter, energy and space. 2. Some basic knowledge of modern science — physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics — is certainly required. 3. Physics deals with different phenomena.
9. Make up and write 8 questions using the words given in the table:
What When Where |
does is is called is known |
a stone any object water in a tea-kettle as phenomenon physics a physical phenomenon a piece of ice |
fall? boil? melt? consist of? study? |