- •Part I
- •Text. Physics and physical phenomena
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •M. V.Lomonosov
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Measurement of Volume
- •Text. The metric system
- •Dimensions of a Solid Body
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Origin of the Metric System
- •Text. The kinetic theory and the three states of matter
- •3 Not to matter — не иметь значения will make full use — займут
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Mass and weight
- •3. Much, more, the most; little, less, the least; good, bet ter,
- •4, .,. Er than, more ... Than
- •5. At, on, over .., etc.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text, force, work, energy and power
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •1. Have supported, has altered....
- •2. Energy can be converted...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Isaac Newton
- •Text. Heat
- •1. Heat is known to be a form of energy.
- •2. You place, you placed, you have placed. They take, they took, they have taken.
- •3. Newton began to think about heat.
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Transmission of heat
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Good and Bad Conductors of Heat
- •Text. Calorimeters
- •1. It is usual to transfer ...
- •2. There is; is there; there is no ...
- •3. The setting up of ...; the reading of ...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Wave motion and sound
- •1. It does not move forward but returns again...
- •2. It is evident, it is clear.
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Light
- •1. It becomes red-hot, it is the reason, it was cold...
- •2. High temperature produced by..., in a substance called... . Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Reflection and refraction of light
- •1. Do bodies emit? Does he make? Did it represent?
- •2. Have they shown? Had he travelled? Was it reflected? Is he going? Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Lenses
- •1. After leaving the lens...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Simple cell
- •1. The twitching of; the reading of...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Voltaic Cells
- •Text. The accumulator
- •1. A plate containing, a plate being immersed...
- •2. Achieved by connecting; determined by testing...
- •Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Text. Principle of electric motor
- •1. They are used to pull...
- •2. When viewed, while doing...
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Electric Bell Circuit
- •Text. Moving-coil ammeter and voltmeter
- •Exercises
- •Laboratory Exercises
- •Additional Material
- •Moving-Coil Galvanometer
- •Text. Electromotive force
Text. Mass and weight
By the mass of a body we mean the quantify of matte, it contains. The unit of mass is the lump of platinum kept at Paris together with standard metre already mentioned It is called the Standard Kilogramme.
By the weight of a body we mean the pull with which the earth attracts it. The weight of a body varies slightlly according to where it happens to be on the earth's surface, but the mass remains constant wherever the body may be.
The Common (Chemical) Balance. Since weight is pro portional to mass we are able to measure the mass of a body by comparing the earth's pull on it with the earth's pull on a standard mass. For this purpose we use a balance and a box of "weights", which is really a box of "masses".
Balances used in laboratories differ from those used in shops in that they are more sensitive. This means that they respond to much smaller changes of weight in the pans.
The Process of Weighing. The object to be weighed is placed in
картинка |
32 Fig. 2. The common (chemical) balancе.
the left-hand pan, and standard masses in the other. The beam is raised and, if necessary one pan is gently fanned with the hand to set it swinging.'The weights (standard masses) are adjusted until the pointer swings equal numbers of divisions on either side of the zero. The masses in the two pans will then be equal.
The main parts common to most balances are shown in Fig. 2.
Notes
1a box of "weights" — разновески
2 to set it swinging — заставить ее раскачиваться
Listen and read words and word combinations to be remembered:
keep [ki:p] сохранять balance ['belans] весы
mention [menjn] упоминать sensitive ['sensitiv] чувствительный
weight [weit] вес respond [ris'pond] реагировать
pull [pul ] тянущая сила surface ['so:fis] поверхность
attract [a'traekt] притягивать beam [bi:m] рычаг
swing [swing] раскачивать adjust. [a'djAst] совпадать
according to согласно, в соответствии с
the right-hand pan правая чашка весов
the left-hand pan левая чашка весов
Models
1. a student's, a girl's; students', girls ... .
a unit of length, the length of a table, the units of volume... .
Singular Plural
the student's box of the students' boxes of
"weights" "weights"
the earth's atmosphere scientists' discoveries
the system of measurement the systems of measurements
his collection of books their collections of books
2. ...er, ...est a small, a smaller, the smallest ... .
a long bar a big lump
a longer bar , a bigger lump
the longest bar the biggest lump
33
3. Much, more, the most; little, less, the least; good, bet ter,
the best.