Список использованных источников

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3. ГОСТ 12.1.004–76 и ГОСТ 12.1.010 – 76. Основы противопожарной защиты предприятий.

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5. ГОСТ 12.2.032-78 Рабочее место при выполнении работ сидя. Общие эргономические требования.

6. СанПиН 2.2.2.542-96 “Гигиенические требования к ВДТ, ПЭВМ и организация работы”.

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Приложение 1. Description of automation object

1.1 Description of technology of synthesis of magnesium-bearing alloy

The technological process of synthesis magnesium-bearing alloy includes:

preparation for synthesis;

dispension of solutions of organomagnesium combination and tetraethoxycilane (TEOS) in a reactor in dibutyl ether medium (DEM);

heat treatment of a reaction mixture;

sluicing a hard product;

modifying a hard product by spirits and titan: serial processing by the solution of ethyl spirit and then by the solution of tetraethoxytitane (TEOT) in heptane;

 sluicing magnesium-bearing alloy;

unloading the magnesium-bearing alloy from the reactor;

preparation for following synthesis.

1.1.1 Preparation for synthesis

The synthesis of magnesium-bearing alloy is carried out in the reactor (pos. Р-301) or in the reactor (pos. Р-302). The reactor (pos. Р-301) represents a vertical cylindrical device with a jacket for heating and cooling equipped with a propeller mixer. The reactor is equipped by two movable siphons (one with the filter, another without the filter) for pressing mother water and sluicing solutions in the mode of filtration or by decantation. Also the reactor is equipped with a device for sluicing of dibutyl ether, "shower", and a run-down box, and also equipped with reflective partitions (4 pieces) for the reduction of spraying and suppressing the funnel formed at the rotation of a mixer.

The reactor (pos. Р-302) represents a vertical cylindrical device with a jacket for thermostatting and is equipped similarly to the reactor (pos. Р-301), but it does not have the run-down box, and movable siphons are established on the same connecting pipe alternately.

For the maintenance in the jackets of reactors of the given temperature in devices a coolant is passed, which is diathermic oil that heats up or is cooled in the unit of thermostatting. The introduction of direct "hot" or "cold" oil in the jacket of the reactor (pos. Р-301 (Р-302)) is carried out by switching over into the corresponding position the three-way valve, established at the input in the jacket of the reactor, with the warning alarm of the position of the valve. And to each of these positions of the valve on an input in a jacket of reactor there corresponds the position of the three-way valve, established on an exit from the jacket of reactor that allows "hot" oil to return in "pos. Е-602/2", capacity for the storage of "hot" oil and "cold" oil to return in "pos. Е-602/1", capacity for the storage of "cold" oil.

Before the beginning of the synthesis of the magnesium-bearing alloy, the drained raw material arrives in corresponding capacities to the synthesis unit.

A calculated quantity of heptane is given by the pressure of nitrogen through the pipe of overpressing into a container (pos. М-311), representing a vertical cylindrical device with capacity 0,35 m³. Also in a jacket is passed "hot" oil for heating heptane before introduction sluicing of magnesium-bearing alloy in the reactor (pos. Р-301 (Р-302)). The introducnion of heptane from "pos. М-311" for the further conducting technological process is carried out through the bottom connecting pipe on the pipeline.

A calculated quantity of dibutyl ether is given by the pressure of nitrogen through the pipe of overpressing into a container (pos. М-313), representing the vertical cylindrical device with capacity 0,35 m³. The introduction of an aether from "pos. М-313" for the further conducting technological process is carried out through the bottom connecting pipe on the pipeline.

A calculated quantity of chlorbenzene is given by the pressure of nitrogen through the pipe of overpressing into a container (pos. М-312), representing a vertical cylindrical device with capacity 0,4 m³. The introduction of chlorbenzene from "pos. М-312" for the further conducting technological process is done through the bottom connecting pipe on the pipeline.

A calculated quantity of organomagnesium combination is given by the pressure of nitrogen through the pipe of overpressing into a container (pos. М-314), representing a vertical cylindrical device with capacity 0,25 м³. The introduction of organomagnesium combination from "pos. М-314" for the further conducting on of the technological process is done through the bottom connecting pipe on the pipeline.

The solution of TEOS in dibutyl ether is prepared in capacity (pos. М-315), representing a vertical cylindrical device with a mixer and capacity 0,15 m³. For the preparation of solution of TEOS into a container (pos. М-315) alternatively are loaded calculated quantities of dibutyl ether and TEOS.

Composite TEOS and DEM is mixed for not less than 5 minutes.

The introduction of the solution TEOS in dibutyl ether from "pos. М-315" for the further conduction of technological process is done through the bottom connecting pipe on the pipeline.

Before the synthesis the reactor (pos. Р-301 (Р-302)) is washed out by dibutyl ether through "shower" which in necessary quantities is given from "pos. М-313", or from "pos. Е-103/2", or through the pump (pos. Н-103). The mass fraction of moisture in dibutyl ether which should be no more than 5 ppm is controlled in advance. In the reactor (pos. Р-301) through "shower" dibutyl ether in number of 500 liter is given, into the reactor (pos. Р-302) - 130 liter. Then the mixer is switched on a reactor is thermoestablished at temperature (70-80) ^оС. Washing is carried out not less than 20 minutes and then the temperature in the reactor is reduced to less than 40 ^оС. The DEM is unloaded by the pressure of nitrogen in "pos. Е-306" through the reactor bottom through the cutoff valve (pos. HSA-306), where it is stored for the preparation of the next synthesis and is used repeatedly for reactor washing. The introduction of DEM from capacity (pos. Е-306) is carried out through the counter (pos. FQIRSAH-306/1) with the automatic closing of a cutoff valve (pos. HSA-306/1). The capacity (pos. Е-306) represents the vertical cylindrical device with capacity 1 м³, equipped with the index of level of type "Klinger".

After the reactor washing, there is possibility of the removal of the sedimentation of the catalyst from "pos. Е-306" through the pump (pos. Н-305) in the collection-container of mother waters (pos. Е-307) is provided, it is possible to have the recycling of dibutyl ether from "pos. Е-306" through the pump (pos. Н-305) with return to (pos. Е-306).

The pump (pos. Н-305) works in two operating modes:

1. "Work with pos. Е-306"

recycling dibutyl ether with return to "pos. Е-306";

clearing "pos. Е-306" from DEM with the sedimentation of the magnesium-bearing alloy in "pos. Е-307";

2. "Work with pos. Е-307"

 recycling mother waters with return to "pos. Е-307";

clearing "pos. Е-306" from DEM with the sedimentation of the magnesium-bearing alloy in "pos. Е-307";

clearing "pos. Е-307" on external installation.

After washing, the reactor (pos. Р-301 (Р-302)) is ventilated by nitrogen during 5 minutes. In the reactor, which has been washed out by dibutyl ether and cleaned out by nitrogen, from capacity (pos. М-313) a certain calculated quantity of DEM is given then pressure of nitrogen is dumped to 0 МPascal and ventilation is finished. The system of temperature’s regulation is switched on and the reactor is thermoestablished at the included mixer, at the adjusted temperature (5-35) ^оС during (20-30) minutes.

From the container (pos. М-313) in the miniamalgamator (pos. МС-301 (МС-302)) dibutyl ether is given before the liquid appearance in the run-down box (pos. FS-301, FS-302 (FS-305, FS-306)), then the cutoff armature between miniamalgamator and run-down box is closed to avoid uncontrollable ingress of solutions in the miniamalgamator.

The pipeline on which dispensing of organomagnesium combination is executed, is filled with a dispensing component before its appearance in the run-down box (pos. FS-302 (FS-306)).

The pipeline on which the dispensing of solution TEOS is executed, is filled by dispensing component before its appearance in a run-down box (pos. FS-301 (FS-305)).

Stop valve after run-down box is closed.

After filling in miniamalgamator and pipelines, in a jacket (pos. МС-301 (МС-302)) and the heat exchanger (pos. Т-301 (Т-302)) the coolant is given and the temperature (5-10) ^оС is reached.

The miniamalgamator (pos. МС-301 (МС-302)) represents a vertical device with capacity 0,000085 m³ with a mixing device which having the possibility of regulation of the number of turns of a shaft from 150 to 1000 turn/minute. The device is supplied by a jacket for cooling. The control of work of a mixer (pos. HСSA-301/1м (HСSA-302/1м)) is provided.

The heat exchanger (pos. Т-301 (Т-302)) is the vertical cylindrical device with two coils. The surface of heat exchange for organomagnesium combination is 0,41 m², while the surface of heat exchange for TEOS is 0,23 m².