Grammar Study

Exercise 1. Study the following models. Analyze the sentences below in the same way and translate them:

Modulo: 1. Where is the letter I gave you to read? Where is

the lotter? - I gave you to read it . Where is the letter which

I gave you to read?

2. The man I wanted to see was away on business. The

iimn I wonted to see him - was away on business. The man who

I wnrited to see was away on business.

3. This is the book the professor referred to in his lec­ture . This is the book - the professor referred to it in his lecture. This is the book that the professor referred to in his lecture.

1. Every person ahould like the work he does to earn a living. 2. How old is the oompuny you work for? 3. This is a job you are interented in. 4. My friend takes every chance of getting a job he in qualified for. 5. Ellon will go back to work as soon as she likes and feels she can do well. 6. He is a kind of person I would like to be. 7. Perhaps the biggest mistake you

could make in your life would be to start a job you are not inte­rested in. 8. They had to live on the money they had saved. 9. When you plan your budget you should determine how to use the ncney you earn. 10. Naturally you will be interested in the amount you will be paid. 11. The work you do largely determines your way of life. 12. Parents want to make the children into people they could be proud of.

Exercise 2. Give Participle II of the following regular verbs and pronounce them in accordance with the three variants of the endings, [d], [t], [rd] :

to answer, to atVange, to attend, to play, to close, to develop, to discover, to discuss, to enter, to equip, to establish, to introduce, to pass, to offer, to provide, to receive, to pub­lish, to help, to construct, to fail.

Exercise 3. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

I You We They	have	just already never	helped them. 4-translated texts into English, attended seminars on psychology, equipped the laboratory with a new computer. passed an exam in maths, received a letter from the company been to England.
He She	has
I You We They	haven't	introduced the new method into the production listened to the latest news answered their letter discussed the development of tho experiment loomed muny new words arranged tho mooting		yet. today. this week. thin month, letoly. recently.
He She	Hasn’t

	I		published your article in
	you		their journal	yet?
Have	we		constructed the new building	already?
	they	(ever)	of the University	today?
Has	he she		written letters to your foreign colleagues looked through the newspapers been in Russia failed to finish the work	this month?

Exercise 4. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues:

1. A: I haven’t read this book yet. Have you?

B: No, I haven't read it either.

(A: had lunch, decided where to go for the summer vacation, returned books to the library;

B: had it, decided it, returned them).

2. A1: What’s Ann doing?

B: She’s reading a book.

A2: Has she done her homework yet?

B: Yes, she has.

(A2: washed the dishes, typed the letter, bought any bread).

3. A: I met Peter yesterday.

B: How’s he? I haven’t seen him lately.

A: He is fine.

(A: Nick, Frank; B: this month, this week).

4. A: Bob has just come back from Moscow.

B: Oh, has he? How did he like it? I was there last year and I liked it very mach.

(A: St.Peteraburg, Rome, London).

Exercise 5. Study the model and complete using suitable time expressional this year, this month, this week, today.

Model: Last year Dr.Brown wrote one paper.

This year he has written two.

1. Last year Dr.Brown went to two countries.

2. Last year he read three Eussian papers.

3. Last time he visited one of our laboratories.

4. Last time he came here with his family.

5. Last month he gave two lectures at the Far Eastern Technical University.

6. lie was in Italy last year.

Exercise 6. Confirm the followiflg statements by reference to the exact time in the past:

Model: Student 1: You have read this article, haven't you?

Student 2: Yes, I read it last month.

1. You have met Dr. Green, haven't you?

2. Dr.Green has been to this country, hasn't he?

3. You have heard his lecture, haven't you?

4. He has told you about his research, hasn't he?

5. Dr.Green has been twice to see your faculty, hasn't he?

6. You have made friends with some foreign students, haven't you?

7. Some of them have been to the country, haven't they?

8. You have had much practice in English with native speakers, haven't you?

Exercise 7. Listen to the statements with "I" read by Student 1. Make statements with the same vert about your friend:

Model: Student 1: I have recently visited a chemical labiratory.

Student 2: My friend has recently visited a research centre

1. I have recently collected interesting material for my course paper (graduation paper).

2. I have never attended seminars on sociology (economics).

3. I have already looked through "Science and Life" ("Nature").

4. I have gained some experience in computering (typing).

5. I have recently found an interesting article on optics in our library (electronics).

6. I have had little interesting work lately (much).

7. I have had much practice in English lately (Gorman).

8. I have lately been very buoy writing my oouret paper (thesis).

Exercise 8. Say what you have done recently, lately, thin year, this week.

Exercise 9. Ask and answer the following questions: Model: Teacher: Ask: another student if he has ever visited a modern laboratory?

Student 1: Have you ever visited a modern laboratory?

Student 2: No, but I am thinking of visiting a modern laboratory of the Far Eastern Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

1. Ask another student if he has ever heard of quasars?

2. ... if he has worked much lately.

3. ... if he has collected any good material for his report.

4. ... if he has talked to native English speakers.

5. ... if he has read many books in English.

6. ... if he has ever been to any English speaking countries.

Exercise 10. Translate into English.

1. Закройте, пожалуйста, окно. - Я уже закрыл.

2. Ты купила хлеб и сливочно.а масло? - Да.

3. Могли бы вы перевести этот текст сейчас? - Я уже перевел его.

4. Вы еще не обедали. Давайте пообедаем в кафе.

5. Я не видел Андрея последнее время. - Я тоже.

6. Ты сегодня была в библиотеке? - Нет, еще не была.

7. Вы когда-нибудь играли в шахматы ( to play chess ) с Олегом? Хорошо ли он играет? - Я не знаю. Я никогда с ним не играл.

Exercise 11. Translate these sentences paying special attention ti the Perfect Tense forms:

1. Sometimes parents think tyey’ve chosen their children’s careers.

2. The old often say to the young: “I have crossed mare bridges than you have crossed streets”.

3. He knew that the Browns had gone to Scotland by car.

4. Before the Revolution in 1776, the American colonies had already had nine colleges. Most of them later became Universities.

5. We can’t foget our parents who have done so much for us.

6. We have becomee used (привыкнуть) to machines that are more powerful, more accurate, and faster than we are.

7. Before the exhibition closes 100 thousand people will have attended it.

8. He sattied down in India because he had made several earlier visits there.

9. By the end of the year they will have completed their experi­ment.

10. By 1900, according to several criteria, the USA had become the greatest industrial nation. Today, the American economy no longer dominates the world as it did then.

11. Most Europeans have already been to America, even if they have never placed one foot on American soll (земля). They have seen, heard, and read much about this land.

12. Before we make the experiment they will have published their work.

Text Study

Exercise 1. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following Russian phrases:

1. как вы проводите свободное время;

2. воздействовать на общество;

3. доступное молодому человеку;

4. вне дома;

5. занимались той же работой, что и родители;

6. не было возможности выбора;

7. не видят своих родителей в работе;

8. средства к жизни семьи;

9. больше всего мешает молодым людям;

10. отсутствие профессиональной ориентации;

11. не имею представления о своём будущем;

12. влияет на весь ваш образ жизни;

13. средняя продолжительность жизни человека;

14. эта сторона вашего будущего.

Exercise 2. Match the pairs of the sentences expressing the same idea.

1. In the past the variety of 1. Very often, those who are most work activity available to a interested in and «uooeeeful person was limited. in their career» nre moet sa­

tisfied with life.

Women have become an impor tant part of the work force. Some young people have no career goals. How successful you are in life is largely measured Ъу your success in your work. People who have successful careers often find that their success is accompanied by happiness, satisfaction in life.

Many young people do not know where they are going occupationally. There was not much choice about the kind of work a per son could do. The role of women in the wor king world has increased. Success in your work influen ces all aspects of your life

Exercise 3. Answer the questions on the text.

1. What is the major factor in a person's identity?

2. How does the work a person does to earn a living influence his way of life?

3. Successful work activiv is necessary to achieve personal happiness, isn't it?

4. What opportunities of choosing work were available to people in the past?

5. Why do you think young people have less opportunity to clo­sely observe work activity today?

1. According to psychologists what most disturbs young people nowadays? Do you agree?

Part II

Exercise 1. Look through the following text and choose from the three variants below the most suitable title for it. Say which places of the text promoted your choice.

1. Major Facets of your life.

2. Work and your Lifestyle.

3. Typical Lifestyle Patterns.