Word Study

Exercise 1. In each line there is a “test” word followed by 4 possible meanings. Ghoose the word whose meaning is closest to that of the “test” word.

1. budget document – income – plan – management

2. single rich – wide – daily – one

3. simple ready – major – alone – easy

4. occur reach – happen – offer – thank

5. goal thing – plan – aim – help

6. waste sell – save – purchase – spend

7. perhaps probably – necessary – possibly – maybe

8. constant frequent – regular – main – recent

9. offer take – accept – give – get

10. outlay money – income – spending – payment

11. fixed present – complex – basic – constant

12. fluctuating different – flexible – reguluar – future

13. achieve develop – earn – force – get

14. require involve – estimate – demand – determine

Exercise 2. Give all the words that can be derived from the fol lowing verbs and translate them into Russian:

to manage, to pay, to require, to plan, to work, to earn, to esti­mate, to use, to buy.

Exercise 3. After each sentence there is a choice of several words. Pick the word, that is closest in meaning to the word under­lined in the sentence.

1. A budget helps you plan your expenses wisely, (costs, spending, needs)

2. A wise snending plan might also include a regular plan of sa­vings. (income, budget, outlay)

3. Estimating income for the year is quite a challenge for most people, (establishing, managing, examining)

4. Long-range plans appear to be the best.(flexible, long-term, lasting)

5. Fluctuating expenses occur from time to time.(regular, flexible unexpected)

6. Income and outlay should be kept in balance, (budget, overhead, spending)

Text Study

Exercise 1. Which of the following choices - a , b , c- most adequately sums up the ideas of the whole paragraph?

Paragraph 1.

1. Long-ranggplans.

2. The secret of knowing where your money is spent.

3. Developing a good budget.

Paragraph 2.

1. Planning a budget.

2. Advantages of planning a budget.

3. Developing competency in money management.

Paragraph 3.

1. The budget of the government.

2. The budget of a student.

3. Simple and complex budgets.

Paragraph 4.

1. Two steps in planning a budget.

2. Estimating your income.

3. Estimating expenses.

Paragraph 5.

1. A city manager activities in planning a budget.

2. Preparing an estimate of income for the year.

Paragraph 6.

1. Setting goals in spending money.

2. Estomating expenses for the year.

3. Balancing expenses with income.

Paragraph 7.

1. Financial responsibility.

2. Types of expenses.

3. A regular plan of savings.

Exercise 2. Say whether these statements are true or false. Give your arguments.

1. Planning a budget has certain advantages.

2. A budget can be a simple list on a small piece of paper.

3. The budget of a student working part time and the budget of a major automobile manufacture are quire different.

4. A budget should onclude all the ways of spending money.

5. Income and outlay should be kept in balance.

6. Fixed expenses occur from time to time.

7. Fluctuating expenses may include clothing, grooming, recreation, entertainment, contributions to charity, etc.

8. The purpose of a budget is to help a person save money for goals set in life.

Exercise 3. Explain the following:

1. This part of the planning can be fun as well as difficult.

2. Try to avoid inplanned “extras”

3. How did I spend so much with so little to show for it?

Exercise 4. Look through the text, find sentences with the Gerund and translate them into Russian.

Exercise 5. Read Text C and answer the question which follow it.

Text C

On common mistake that many people have made is this: they have thought that it would be a very good thing if everybody had exactly the same amount of money, no matter whether they worked hard or lived quite idly. They forget that very few people would work at all if it were not for the money their work brings them and that without work there would be no money. And they have imagines that if all the money in the country were equally divided, everybody would be rich. That is a very great mistake, because there simply is not enough money to make everybody rich. If it were shared equally all round everyone them would recieve quite a small amount. That may be more that you receive now or it may be less, bur would certainly not make you really rich. It is quite true that there are a small number of very rich people; beu rhey are so few in comparison with the whole population that even if they were to share out all their wealth among the rest, it would make very little difference. It is said that if you flattened out that dreat French mountain Mont Blane, the highest mountain in Europe, and spread it over by whole of France you would only raise the level of the land by about six inches. See if you can think out what that has to do with the question I have been talking about.

- Ernest F. Row.

Questions

1. Why is it really necessary to work?

2. If all the money in the world were equally divided, everybody would be every happy. Do you agree?

3. The authot tells us about flattening Mont Blanc and the little difference in would make in raising the level of France. What is his point in giving us this example?

Part III

Exercise 1. Read the dialogue.

The situation. Christmas shopping time again. The christmas lights

were pretty, the decorations attractive, the streets crowded, and the prices high. Sam stood in line with his sister Brenda, waiting to pay for his purchases. Every year he vowed that he would not wait until the last minute to buy gifts. But so far, he had failed to live up to his resolve. His mind was usually occupied with "mo­re important" matters.

Drenda: I want to buy one of these jackets. Come and tell me which looks best.

Sam: You want to buy one today? Look how expensive they are. After Christmas they'll be on sale and much better buy than they are right now. I think you should wait. You have a coat you can wear.

Brenda: Don't tell me how to spend my money, Sam. If I wait, the selection will not be as good as it is now.

Sam: But you have other gifts to buy yet. If you buy the jacket you won't have money for anything else.

Brenda: I'll put the coat on layaway. That way, I'll pay only a small sum for the coat now and have money left over for the other gifts. I can pay the balance on the jacket after Christmas, when I have earned some more money.

Exercise 2. Eeact to the following opinions. You may find some expressions helpful:

To express your opinion

I think ...; speaking for myself ...; I believe ...;

I suppose ...; I'm sure ...; In my opinion ... .

To agree with somebody

Yes, I agree (with you); That's true ...; I think so too ... .

To disagree with somebody

On the other hand ...; I don't agree (with ...);

It’s not true; I don't think so

1. It sounds as though Brenda is determined to buy a jacket. She had her money situation all estimated.

2. It makes more sense to wait and buy the jacket after Christmas. She'll probably be sorry she was so impulsive when she sees the sale price of the jacket then.

3. Brenda is wailing to pay, the higher price for the jacket because habing the jacket is important to her. I guess, she's more interested in personal appearance than in saving money.

4. She is not any different from the rest of us. Look how many of us are in the same boat. We all waste our money by being influ­enced by holiday atmosphere. We all need a little more selfdiscipline in spending money.

Exercise 3. Think of some questions f-or the following answers:

1. Most of us have problems in managing own money.

2. Some people waste money without even knowing it.

3. Learning to use money isn't easy.

4. Money can give you not only material benefits but opportunities in the fonm of education, travel, and recreation.

5. The basic financial resource of a student may be some form of stipend for education or help from a family.

6. A spending plan or budget is a means to help. You control your money.

7. Keeping income and outlay in a desired balance takes practice and self-discipline.

8. Be realistic in making your plan for managing money.

Exercise 4. You are going to find out as much as possible about your groupmates. experience in money management. Think of the questions you would like to ask them.(For ideas: habits of money management, making a budget, fixed and flexible expenses, attitudes towards money, etc.). Interview one another on this problem.

Exercise 5. Develop the given situation in a form of a dialogue.

You and your friend are discussing making a budget. Your friend thinks that making a budget is just too much trouble. Try to con­vince your friend that the budget will really help and that it is worth the time required to prepare and keep within the budget.

Exercise 6. Now you know how to make a budget. It is very important to know what you think about it. Is it necessary for a

student to make a budget? (for a family, for a young couple).