Text Study

Exercise 1. Give the main points of the text answering the ques­tions

1. What is the difference between household and workshop types of manufacturing?

2. What was typical of workshop manufacturing?

3. When and where did modern production begin?

4. Who invented the first steam engine?

5. What did the invention of steam turbines in the late 1800s pro­vide?

6. What sources of energy do you know?

7. Why are human resources so important for developing modern pro­duction?

8. What are the manager's functions at a modern plant?

9. Why is proper transportation equipment as essential as proper production equipment?

10. What factors make a modern plant competitive with other plants?

Exercise 2. Say whether these statements are true or false and give your arguments.

1. Throughout history manufacturing was based on machinery.

2. Household and workshop types of manufacturing are still carried on in many countries.

3. Modern manufacturing began in England when people started to ma­ke things with the aid of machinery.

4. In order to turn raw materials into useful products huge amounts of power are required.

5. Modern factories can effectively work without adequate transpor­tation and market.

Exercise 3. Identify the parts of the passage which refer to:

1. the history of manufacturing;

2. household and workshop types of manufacturing; ⁴

3. characteristic features of modern production;

4. the conditions which are necessary to make any production successful;

Exercise 4. Give some facts from the text to complete the follo­wing sentences:

1. When we are thinking about books, clothes or anything that man make s, we ... .

( see paragraph 1 )

2. The difference between household and workshop types of manufactu­ring consists in ... .

( see paragraphs 2,3,4,5 )

3. Modern manufacturing began ... .

( see paragraph 6 )

4. Industrialized countries are those ... .

( see paragraph 7 )

5. Industries will not grow and prosper unless ... .

( see paragraph 7 )

6. Systems of transportation and the market are among key factors which make any production successful because ... .

( see paragraph 0,9 )

Exercise 5. Write a short summary of the text according to the following plan:

1. What is production like at present?

2. What types of manufacturing are termed as household and workshop ones?

3. In what way can you describe modern manufacturing?

4. What sources of energy are essential for developing modern production?

5. What resources are to make productions successful?

6. What problems do managers of production face?

Exercise 6. Fill in the numbered blanks from the selection of words given below. The correct choices will complete the sense of this summary of the reading passage.

This text deals with the history of (1). It describes the diffe­rence between household and workshop types of (2) and emphasizes the role of (3) for the development of modern production. Modern produc­tion may be effectively (4) if there are people who can plan and ma­nage the (5) of a factory. These people must (6) difficult tasks.

1.	a) machines	4.	a)	operated
	b) production		b)	run
	с) mechanical equipment		с)	carried on
2.	a) manufacturing	5.	a)	relationships
	b) resources		b)	Operations
	c) machinery		с)	transportation
3.	a) energy sources	6.	a)	perform
	b) steam engines		b)	achieve
	с) turbines		с)	rialize