Text b. Work and Your Lifestyle

Life is made up of relationships with people, places, and lifestyle. Your use of time in these relationships is called your lifestyle. These relationships may be grouped into four major facets of your life and diagrammed to show a “picture” of your lifestyle. Since everyone has a set of values (things that are important), lifestyle patterns are also different. One person may place about the same value on and give about the same amount of time to each of these four facets. Such a lifestyle pattern would look something like this:

Most people, however, do not place equal value on or give equal time to each facet of their life relationships. More typical lifestyle patterns would be similar to these:

Each major facet of your life in some way affects all of the others. Notice that career was placed at the centre in each lifestyle pattern because it is the central activity around which we plan our daily lives.

As a student, your lifestyle is determined by your role as a student. It is the central activity around which you plan your daily life, Your identity is that of a student. When you are introduced to another person, you may be asked, “where do you go

to college?” or “what year are you in?” As you approach adulthood, you will assume a new identity, and it will be determined mainly by the kind of work you do to earn a living. After being introduced to another person, you may be asked, “What do you do?” “What kind of work do you do?”, or simply, “Where do you work?” While other things make up a pact of your identity, the work you do is the chief ingredient. If you are concerned about your identity – who you will become – remember that the work you do largely identifies you to others.

Exercise 2. Arrange the words given below according to the logical order of Text B:

A person’s main identity comes from the ... or position. “what do you do?” comes to be the ... question, and from the answer the person is ... and placed in status by the stranger who makes the inquiry. The answer will tell a great deal about the significance this person has in ... , about his ... , his education, his level of living, his associations, his income, his friends, his future, and so on. ... is probably the most important key to understanding a man’s place in the social structure.

identified, work, key, leisure time, job, society.

Exercise 3. Read the following and think of 10-12 jobs that can be predicted as most important for Russia of 2000.

From recent studies research agencies predict the following jobs will take up more than half the work force in the United States of the 90s:

1. Computer programmer 7. Oceanographer

2. Dentist 8. Physician

3. Dietitian 9. Psychologist

4. Financial expert 10. Repairman

5. Geologist 11. Salesman

6. Medical technician 12. Social scientist

Exercise 4. Arrange the following sentences to compose an orderly and complete text:

1. Only through work can they feel creative and useful and have a sense that life is worth living.

2. But to be happy and content they must work outside the home.

3. Some women have to work to be happy - no matter how much money a husband earns.

4. For them to live is to work.

5. They may be professional people, creative people, or only routine workers whose household help, baby - sitters, and extra taxed take about every cent they make.

Part III

Exercise 1. Say the following in English:

1. Они живут в обычном доме. 2. Есть ли возможность исследовательс­кой работы в вашем университете? 3. Мужчины и женщины должны по­лучать (зарабатывать) равную плату за равный труд. 4. Студенты сами определяют, в какой группе они хотят учиться. 5. Некоторые молодые люди не понимают значения (ценности) образования, 6. В наше время большинство людей работает на своих рабочих местах не более восьми часов в день пять дней в неделю. 7. Мой отец по про­фессии юрист, 8. Она прожила во Владивостоке всю свою сознатель­ную (взрослую) жизнь.

Exercise 2. Make up short dialogues as shown in the model:

Model: A: When did you visit Moscow? (1)

B: During my summer holidays. (2)

A: (For) how long did you stay there? (1)

B: For about a fortnight.

Use the following words and word combinations:

		1	2	3
1)	to	come to see, to stay	his illness the break	fifteen minutes
2)	to	speak to somebody		five minutes
5)	to	begin to feel ill,	the examination	two weeks
	to	keep to bed	on Monday	the week - end
4)	to	return, to stay	last summer	about a month
5)	to	learn to play tennis	vacation

Exercise 3. Do you agree with the statement? Give your arguments.

The best time to talk anybody into anything is during a good meal.

Exercise 4. Say what you think about the following:

1. Young people who have occupational goals will be successful workers.

2. Women are now becoming successful in careers that used to be open only to men.

3. Career is the central activity around which we plan our daily life.

4. Woman's work is never done.

5. Education will not stop for most people when they graduate from school or even college. They will continue their educa­tion throughout their lifetime.

Exercise 5. Make up your own lifestyle pattern and describe it to the students of the group.

Exercise 6. Make up the sentences matching these jobs with their corresponding responsibilities:

Job ... deals with ... responsibilities.

1. A lawyer ... 1. ... mind and character formation.

2. A nurse ... 2. ... typing and sending letters,

keeping papers in order, taking

care of business, etc. for orga-

nazation or another person.

3. A teacher ... 3. ... designing and building machi-

nes, ships, roads, bridges, etc.

4. A policeman/ 4. ... problems of human rights.

militiaman ...

5. A secretary ... 5. ... working at a material science.

6. A dentist ... 6. ... problems of health and life.

7. An engineer ... 7. ... keeping public order.

8. A salesperson ... 8. ... taking care of teeth.

9. A cook ... 9. ... the occupation of publishing,

editing or writing for a newspaper.

10. An economist ... 10. ... the production, distribution

and consumption of money and

goods.

11. A pilot ... 11. ... selling goods in a shop or

a store.

12. A manager ... 12. ... navigating aeroplanes.

13. A scientist ... 13. ... preparing food for the table.

14. A journalist ... 14. ... directing an enterprise or

business.

Exercise 7. Pick out (from ex. 6) a few occupations you con­sider as most important for modern society. Give your reasons.

Exercise 8. Act out the following jokes:

1. Wife: Have a look at the cake. I've decorated it for my birth­day party. Don't you think my sense of design is wonderful? Husband: (counting the candles): Well, it's certainly better than your arithmetic.

2. Once Samuel Johnson, an English writer and author of the famous "Dictionary of the English Language", was asked how he had compiled his great dictionary. He smiled and answered: "Oh, it was like quarreling with one's wife - one word led to another".

3. Manager: How long have you worked at your last job? Job Applicant: Fifty - five years.

Manager: How old are you? Job Applicant: Forty - five.

Manager: How could you work 55 years on a job and only be 45 years old?

Job Applicant: Overtime.

Notes: quarrel - ссориться; job applicant - нанимающийся на работу; overtime - сверхурочная работа.

ONIT THREE

Topic: Why We Work

Grammar: Gerund, and Constructions with Gerund

Part I

Preliminary Exercises

Exercise 1. Transcribe and pronounce the following; words:

psychological, purchase, automobile, desire, luxury, vary, source, dangerous, finally, measure, accompany.

Exercise 2. Divide the following words into three groups based on the pronunciation of their endings [z], [s], [iz]. Pronounce the words clearly.

lives, others, elements, animals , interests, experiences, friends, services, goods, reasons, places, affects, wants, beings, means, ones, cave6, needs, provides, contacts, forms, benefits.

Exercise 3. Use your knowledge of the word-building elements to translate the following groups of derivatives:

necessary - necessity; important - importance; vary - various; protect - protection; satisfy - satisfaction; success - success­ful; use - useful - usefulness; person - personal - personality; happy - happiness.

Exercise 4. Point out the sentences in which "one" is used in place of nouns, singular and plural.

"Some" means more than one.

1. Can a man be a natural gentleman or must he learn to become one?

2. A realistic goal is one that you can reach.

3. He is thinking about leaving his present job and accepting one with another company.

4. We can't accept your ideas, even if they are good ones.

5. What kinds of knowledge would you expect from a cultured person?

6. Which ones do you consider most important?

7. One person's success is another person's failure.

8. University is only one king of education.

9. This is a very small town. One cannot get lost in it.

10. They see one another five days a week.

11. Many schools have been opened recently in our city and new ones will appear in the near future

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

expect (v) – 1) ждать, ожидать;

2) рассчитывать, надеяться

reason (n) – причина, повод, основание

to give reasons for smth. – объяснить причины чего-либо

hate (v) – ненавидеть; не выносить, не терпеть

pay (v) – smb for smth – платить кому-либо за что-либо

cost (n) – цена, стоимость

goods (n) pl – товар, товары

be satisfied with – быть довольным чем-либо,

быть удовлетворённым

money (n) (only singular) – деньги

need (n) – 1) надобность, нужда;

2) pl.потребности

need (v) – нуждаться в чём-либо

meet (v) (a wish, requirements, etc.) – удовлетворять, соответствовать, желанию, требованиям и т.д.

sense (n) – чувство

worth (n) – ценность, достоинство

worth (a) predict. – стоящий

worthy (a) – достойный

accept (v) – принимать

seek (v) – 1) искать, 2) стремиться

to seek success, status – стремиться к успеху, занять положение в обществе

source (n) – источник

exceed (v) – превышать, превосходить

unless (conj) – если не, пока не

Read and translate the text.