Заимствования

Упражнение 37.

В приводимых ниже отрывках:

а) выделите заимствования и укажите их происхождение;

б) выделите слова-гибриды;

в) найдите интернациональные слова.

A. 1) He was a fine open-faced boy, with blue eyes and fair hair, strong in limb, but generous and soft in heart. He was fond of everyone who was good to him – of his pony - of Lord Southdown who gave him his horse - of Molly, the cook, who told him stories at night, and gave him good things to eat from the dinner - of Briggs, his mother's companion and his teacher, whom he laughed at - and of his father especially, whose fondness for the little fellow was remarkable. By the time he was eight the beautiful mother-vision had faded away. For two years she had hardly spoken to him. She disliked him. He had the usual childish illnesses. He bored her. One day when he was standing on the landing, having come down from the upper regions, attracted by the sound of his mother's voice, who was singing to Lord Steyne, the drawing-room door opened suddenly, and the little spy was discovered. Only a moment before he had been listening to the music with the greatest delight. 2) Then there was a pause in the conversation, during which we looked about the room. Our eyes finally rested upon a dusty old glass-case, fixed very high up above the fire place, and containing a trout. It was a monstrous fish. In fact, at first sight I thought it was a cod. ”Ah!” said the gentleman, as he saw what I was looking at. ”A fine fellow, isn't he?” “Quite uncommon,” I said; and George asked the old man how much he thought it weighed. ”Eighteen pounds six ounces,” said our friend, rising. 3) It is in terms of millions of yards of cloth and thousands of coal that the economist will present Lancashire to the rest of the world. Yet the smoke blackens only a part of Lancashire: she has mountains as well as mills, fields as well as foundries. Only a quarter of her area, though more of her people, is engaged in industry: and in this, the country is a miniature of England.

Упражнение 38.

В следующих отрывках: а) выделите заимствованные слова и определите их происхождение; б) определите отношение количества заимствованных слов ко всему количеству употребленных в отрывке слов; в) объясните, почему это соотношение различно в разных отрывках.

B. a) The woman servant. God bless us! (The young lady picks up the book and places it on the table). Sorry to wake you, miss, I'm sure, but you are a stranger to me. What might you be waiting here for now?

The young lady. Waiting for somebody to show some signs of knowing that I have been invited here.

The woman servant. Oh, you are invited, are you? And has nobody come? Dear! Dear!

The young lady. A wild-looking old gentleman came and looked in at the window; and I heard him calling out "Nurse: there is a young and attractive female waiting in the poop. Go and see what she wants?" Are you the nurse?

The woman servant. Yes, miss: I'm nurse Guinness, That was old Captain Shotover, Mrs. Hushabye's father. I heard him roaring; but I thought it was for something else. I suppose it was Mrs. Hushabye that invited you, ducky?

The young lady. I understood her to do so, but really I think I'd better go.

Nurse Guinness. Oh, don't think of such a thing, miss. If Mrs. Hushabye has forgotten all about

it, it will be a pleasant surprise for her to see you, won't it?

The young lady. It has been a very unpleasant surprise to me to find that nobody expects me.

Nurse Guinness. You'll get used to it, miss: this house is full of surprises for them that don't know our ways.

Captain Shotover (looking in from the hall suddenly: an ancient but still hardy man with an immense white beard, in a reefer jacket with a whistle hanging from his neck).

Nurse: there is a hold-all and a handbag on the front steps for everybody to fall over. Also a tennis racquet Who the devil left them there?

The young lady. They are mine, I'm afraid.

The captain (advancing to the drawing-table). Nurse: Who is this misguided and unfortunate young lady?

Nurse Guinness. She says Miss Hessy invited her, sir.

The Captain. And had she no friends, no parents to warn her against my daughter's invitation? This is a pretty sort of a house, by heavens! A young and attractive lady is invited here. Her luggage is left on the steps for hours, and she herself is deposited in the poop and abandoned, tired and starving. This is our hospitality. Here are our manners. No room ready. No hot water. No welcoming hostess. Our visitor is to sleep in the toolshed, and to wash in the duckpond.

Nurse Guinness. Now it's all right, Captain: I'll get the lady some tea; and her room shall be ready, before she had finished it. (To the young lady.) Take off your hat, ducky; and make yourself at home (she goes to the door leading to the hall.) (B. Shaw. Four Plays)

б) They sat down on the curbstone to talk; and of course it was upon the one subject - the nation's calamity, the Emperor's disorder. Jimmy was full of a great project and burning to unfold it. He said: "Tommy, I can cure his Majesty, I know how to do it." Tommy was surprised. "What! You?" "Yes, I." "Why, you little fool, the best doctors can't." "I don't care. I can do it. I can cure him in fifteen minutes." "Oh, come off! What are you giving me?" "The facts - that's all."

Jimmy's manner was so serious that it sobered Tommy, who said: "I believe you are in earnest, Jimmy. Are you in earnest?" "I give you my word." "What is the plan? How'll you cure him?" "Tell him to eat a slice of ripe watermelon."

It caught Tommy rather suddenly, and he was shouting with laughter at the absurdity of the idea before he could put on a stopper. But he sobered down when he saw that Jimmy was wounded. He patted Jimmy's knee affectionately, not minding the soot, and said: "I take the laugh all back. I didn't mean any harm, Jimmy, and I won't do it again. You see, it seemed so funny, because wherever there's a soldier-camp and dysentery, the doctors always put up a sign saying anybody caught bringing watermelons there will be flogged with the cat till he can't stand." "I know it - the idiots!" said Jimmy, with both tears and anger in his voice, "Here's plenty of watermelons, and not one of all those soldiers ought to have died." "But, Jimmy, what put the notion into your head?" "It isn't a notion; it's a fact. Do you know that old gray-headed Zulu? Well, this long time back he has been curing a lot of our friends, and my mother has seen him do it, and so have I. It takes only one or two slices of melon, and it don't make any difference whether the disease is new or old; it cures it." "It's very odd. But, Jimmy, if it is so, the Emperor ought to be told of it." "Of course; and my mother has told people hoping they could get the word to him; but they are poor working-folks and ignorant, and don't know how to manage it." "Of course, they don't, the blunderheads," said Tommy scornfully. “I'll get it to him!” “You? You night-cart polecat!” And it was Jimmy's turn to laugh. But Tommy retorted sturdily: "Oh, laugh if you like; but I'll do it!" It had such an assured and confident sound that it made an impression, and Jimmy asked gravely: "Do you know the Emperor?" "Do I know him? Why, how you talk! Of course I don't." "Then how'll you do it?" "It's very simple and very easy. Guess. How would you do it, Jimmy?" (M. Twain. Stories and Pamphlets)

B) The fact that the British newspapers toe the government line with such remarkable unanimity on most important points is not always because direct instructions come regularly from the Foreign Office to the newspaper offices; more often it is due to the existence of common interests which can be served without day-to-day instructions. (It was a strange situation in which, on the one side, a government returned to power by workers' votes and, on the other side, a tight little clique of millionaires, had such harmonious "common interests!") But, remembering that Fleet Street acts as the advance guard of the real rulers of England, it is truer to say that Fleet Street controls the Foreign Office than that the Foreign Office controls Fleet Street. For instance, Ernest Bevin, partly because of his notorious egocentricity, was frequently furious when one of his "statesmanlike" pronouncements was given less space in the popular press than, say, a murder trial or a divorce case. (Archie Johnstone. In the Name of Peace)

Упражнение 39.

Назовите интернациональные слова в английском языке:

а) имеющие в качестве первого элемента следующие греческие слова: tele – вдаль, далеко; aer – воздух; phos (photos) – свет; phone – звук; ge – земля; bios – жизнь; psyche - душа; syn – вместе;

б) имеющие в качестве второго элемента следующие греческие слова: logos – учение; grapho – пишу; onoma – имя; pathos – страдание.

Упражнение 40.

В следующих отрывках: а) выделите иностранные слова; подберите к ним английские синонимы (если это возможно); в) объясните стилистическую роль их в контексте.

B. a) Rebecca's mother had had some education somewhere and her daughter spoke French with purity and a Parisian accent. It was in those days rather a rare accomplishment and led to her engagement with the orthodox Miss Pinkerton. For her mother being dead, her father, finding himself not likely to recover after his third attack of delirium tremens, wrote a manly and pathetic letter to Miss Pinkerton, recommending the orphan child to her protection, and so descended to the grave, after two bailiffs had quarrelled over his corpse. (W. Thackeray. Vanity Fair)

6) George, on hearing the story, grinned. The hat had obviously been worn as a practical joke! He himself was a connoisseur of such. "Very haughty!" he said, "the wild Buccaneer!" And this mot, “The Buccaneer,” was bandied from mouth to mouth, till it became the favourite mode of alluding to Bosinney. (J. Galsworthy. The Man of Property)

в) I had "fallen under the influence of Spanish exiles in Moscow"; I had been "lured to a mysterious dacha (villa) outside Moscow"; I had so little knowledge of Russian but was otherwise so "accomplished a linguist" that I was being sent on some mysterious mission to some other country - and so on. (Archie Johnstone. In the Name of Peace)

г) The May Day Parade, although it has a wider significance, is also very much a family affair, an individual and a national family affair. In every home it is talked about for weeks before the event itself. ("Don't you think we ought to leave little Pyotr with his babushka? We'd have to carry him most of the way and he's a heavy little lump. May be next year ... ?" "Don't worry, mother. The tovarischi from the factory will all take turns at carrying him. And it will be the greatest day of his young life.")

д) The SS guard's fury was abating. You either killed these people or sent them back to work. He did not want to kill Kellermann because, except for breaking the spade, the man was a better digger, than the other wrecks who could hardly lift a full shovel.

So the guard raised his whip and slashed it across Kellermann's face - well-aimed, systematic blows, one - two - three - four, two on the left cheek, two on the right. The welts sprang up, and the

blood trickled out of them.

"You know what this is for?"

"Yes," said Kellermann.

"The spade belongs to the Reich."

"Yes," said Kellermann. His eyes were full of stinging tears; he hadn't known he had that much fluid left in his body. (S. Heym. The Crusaders)

e) Klemm-Borowsky paused and coughed. Then he asked, "Don't you want to know why I can't handle this matter myself. And what is in these papers? And why I've picked you!"

"Why, sir?"

"I'm an anachronysm, Pettinger. With all my fancy figures and supply tables, I still fought a war of the past. I'm a Junker, Pettinger, I'm a relic of the Middle Ages, and I'm going out. And I lost this battle, the last of the war. I'm going to die."

ж) Loomis pushed her aside. "Where's Lämmlein?" She pointed upstairs. Loomis rushed up the stairs, the pistol still in his hand. On the gallery of the top floor, framed in the doorway to his bedroom, enshrouded in a wide, white nightshirt, stood Bürgermeister Lämmlein.