Раздел 2. Семантические отношения между словами

Синонимы

Упражнение 5.

Переведите следующие предложения, выпишите синонимичные слова. Обратите внимание на трудность перевода синонимичных слов.

A. 1) Coldly the man stared at him, looked him up and down. 2) We soon came to a very pretty little cottage, with a small garden full of flowers in front of it. 3) He didn't say a word until I had shut the suitcase and fastened it... I opened the suitcase and packed the boots in, and then just as I was going to close it a horrible thought came into my head. 4) The Bushmen were a weak, feeble crowd who knew only their poison darts. 5) There came out of the house a lady with a handkerchief tied over her cap, wearing an apron with a big pocket and carrying a great knife. 6) These rats were as big as the largest dog, but fiercer and quicker. 7) She likes to stay at home, I love travelling. 8) On Wednesday there were such wonderful scents, as of cakes in the oven and hot jelly, mixed with the smell of roasting chicken.

B. 1) Waters on a starry night are beautiful and fair. 2) His garb was very quaint and odd - a long, long way behind the time. 3) A crew of pirates are driven by a storm they know not whither; they go on shore to rob and plunder. 4) These Australos do not understand about that. They do not realize it. 5) He was not sure of anything any more. He was not certain about what he was to do. 6) The calm, cool water seems to me to murmur an invitation to repose and rest. 7) Jack Cardigan called it "stunning, ripping, topping and corking." 8) He was cruel and ferocious in his disposition. 9) And then in splendour and glory, came the great idea. He would write. 10) It was too terrible and awful to be true. 11) She had got poor Caleb and his Bertha away, that they might comfort and console each other. 12) You are just foolish and stupid and selfish. 13) You commit a mean and base action. 14) How would it be if he never came into this luxury, was never allowed to enter society, was never permitted to live as wealth was now living. 15) His voice grew steadier and firmer as he repeated these words. 16) His pranks are really very amusing - very entertaining indeed. 17) As the "door opened easily, he peeped in, looked in, went in and soon came running out again. 18) People down the village heard shouts, and shrieks.

Упражнение 6.

Подберите синонимы к выделенным словам.

A . 1) Cardoso begged him to wait a moment. 2) He had stopped to talk to her. 3) She is such a queer girl. 4) Joe, dear, you are silly. 5) "Her hair curls naturally," answered Miss Temple quietly. (Br.) 6) I was so astonished I could hardly speak for a while. 7) He was certain that he recognized Ruth’s brother. 8) They shook hands, said good night, and he lifted his hat. 9) He talked gaily and unceasingly. 10) You haven't injured the fish, have you? 11) You ought to be ashamed to lie there and sleep so, and such an awful storm going on. 12) They were told to close their books and were questioned. 13) I wanted to save some things I needed. 14) Field labour was seldom offered now. 15) At last they were allowed to carry away a number of jam puffs.

B. 1) A rude fellow, treating on Miss Sharp's foot caused her to fall back with a little shriek into the arms of Mr. Sedley. 2) Of course Mr. Pickwick didn't say who was there. 3) They both decided to take a trip to the Chateau. 4) What if some Germans were hidden in the large dark house? 5) They received her most cordially. 6) I wish you luck. 7) She had left her purse at home, luckily, I had some money. 8) It 'is well known that he toiled hard for liberty. 9) The voice was singing now very merrily, “Lala –lilala”; no words, only a soft running melody. 10) The azaleas are so wonderful this year. 11) It chanced that Winifred invited them to lunch and to go afterward to a most amusing little play. 12) He lay awake for nearly half an hour. 13) He just sat here all evening and scarcely uttered a word. 14) She hastened to her 'bus. 15) Mr. Bunting was worried. 16) He stared at him in astonishment. 17) He inquired hurriedly whether Mrs. Forsyte was at home. 18) I happened to see his face in the sideboard glass as I went out. 19) I desire to be your friend.

Упражнение 7.

Из следующих групп предложений выпишите слова-синонимы и составьте синонимические ряды.

B. 1) “Well!” he said, “I got the letter. I'm back.” She had received his telegram while at breakfast. His own knowledge of French had been obtained years ago. 2) Erik looked at his watch. She glanced about her for some likely door at, which to apply. He eyed us curiously. Over the way stood a great six-story structure, labeled "Storm and King," which she viewed with rising hope. Mr. Pickwick stopped and gazed on each of his friends in turn. Once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading. My aunt sat on the path, staring at me, until I began to cry. Mr. Tupman advanced a step or two and glared at Mr. Pickwick. 3) “How shall I get out?” she questioned tearfully. “What can I do for you, miss?” inquired Mr. McManus. “Who is it you wish to see?” he asked. “Do you need any help?” “No,” he replied sharply and turned upon his heel. “Oh, you want to see Mr. McManus," he returned. “I need the money to-day,” Martin answered firmly. 4) Mr. Pickwick's eyes sparkled with delight. His white hair, still fairly thick, glistened in the lamplight. Their eyes shine. Everybody knows that spangles would glitter if there were lamps. 5) I am really very much hurt and annoyed and disillusioned. “You insult me by talking such nonsense!” – “I didn't mean it. But you are so easily offended, you know."

Упражнение 8.

Вставьте пропущенные слова.

B. (to say, to tell, to speak, to talk)

1) “Well, good-bye, Mr. Kipps,” she ___. He shook her hand and ___, “Good-bye.” “I bought you a ring to-day” he ___, bending the book and ___ing for the sake of ___ ing something. I could ___ nothing in reply. Now I have forgotten what I was going to ___. And now ___ me who is the lady about whom he spoke. “How dare you ___ me a falsehood?” ___ Mr. Nupkins. I ___ her all the story of my sad childhood. Why should she ___ ill of her brother? “How very well you ___ French,” Lady Grizel ___ , who herself ___ the tongue in an Edinburgh accent. She burst into tears as she ___. They, returned to the big room where the company was ___ ing loudly.

(to stay, to remain)

2) You must ___ and have dinner with us. He had ___ there several months. Rebecca did not speak but ___ed for a minute motionless. This letter ___ed in my drawer all day.

(to wear, to carry, to bear)

3) A very handsome man of fifty with ___ mousquetaire moustaches, ___ing a rather dandified curly-brimmed hat, and ___ing an elaborate walking stick, comes into the room from the hall. “Dear little Hans,” said the Miller, “would you mind ___ing this sack of flour for me to market.” This bearded man also ___ a moustache. Please, Sir, can you tell me which gentleman of your party ___ a bright blue dresscoat. “How stuffy it is here!” she said; “I can't ___ this scent.” I really cannot ___ the whole burden of our family affairs any longer.

(many, much)

4) Amelia had ___ charming qualities. He introduced him to ___ sergeants and others with Waterloo medals on their breasts. He had borrowed too ___ money of Steyne. Jos patronized him with ___ dignity.

(to go, to walk)

5) He ___ a hundred yards or more. It was a Sunday, and the workers with their wives and kids were ___ near the plant. A motor-car ___ past the window. She ___ to Europe. But he must ___ and see his sister. A few of these people had come by car; many had ___ to the picnic grounds from summer homes nearby.

(to do, to make)

6) Soon I began to look round me, to see what kind of place I was in, and decide what to ___ next. “I will see what I can ___ for you,” he said. ___ it as a favour to me. You sit down there while I ___ us a cup of coffee. Twice two ___ four. Somebody else had ___ the speech. She is ___ing a beautiful dress for a lady to wear at the next ball.

Упражнение 9.

Найдите синонимы к выделенным словам.

B. 1) A little hard-headed man was conversing with a fat old gentleman. 2) Mr. Pickwick found that his three companions had risen, and were waiting his arrival to commence breakfast. 3) Never had Mrs. Portonwaithe's spacious walls beheld such a spectacle. 4) “Mr. Pickwick, some wine, Sir?” Mr. Pickwick readily assented. 5) But I observed that during his oration, the gentlemen who report for the daily papers were occupied with their wine instead of their notebooks. 6) The waiter retired; the breakfast concluded and the travellers ascended to their respective bedrooms. 7) All the Plckwlckians were in most blooming array. 8) Thus attired, the master of the ceremonies planted himself in the rooms to receive the company. 9) Mr. Tupman rang the bell, purchased the tickets, and ordered chamber-candlesticks. 10) Let me narrate how it happened. 11) Mr. Pickwick stepped forward to greet Mr.Winkle and Mr. Snodgrass, as he encountered those gentlemen on his return from his early walk. 12) He endeavoured to amuse his master by anecdote and conversation. 13) "It's quite O. K.," said George. 14) Shut up, I say what's the game. 15) He must go back to Little Hampton on the morrow, and to Oxford on the twelfth - to that beastly exam! 16) He might risk a bob or two and win some money. 17) I say, old chap, don't think me a beast. 18) Stop that motorbike, will you? 19) Desert and he were no longer pals. 20) “Surely,” she said,“ you enjoy yourselves?” 21) “I'll meet you here. S'long,” Quayle said to both of them and went out to catch a taxi.