24. Decide whether the following sentences are true or false according to the text.
a) There are four main kinds of embankment dams.
b) Gravity dams are built in narrow canyons.
c) Buttress dams are usually built in wide valleys.
d) There exist metal dams.
e) Dams are not built with movable gates.
f) Dams are classified by the material used.
25. Choose the answers to the questions.
1) What are three main kinds of masonry dams? Complete the diagram.
a) buttress dams dams
b
)
earth-fill dams
c
)
arch dams masonry
dams __________
d) gravity dams
e) rock-fill dams gravity ____ _____ _______ _______
f) roller dams
2) What are the characteristics of every masonry dam?
(Complete the table, matching the dam with the characteristics given after the table)
|
Kinds of masonry dams |
Characteristics |
|
1. |
|
|
2. |
|
|
3. |
|
a) depend on their own weight
b) depend for support on buttresses
c) built in wide valleys
d) built on solid rock foundation
e) a sloping upstream face
f) transfer the water’s force outward to the canyon walls
g) transfer the water’s force downward to the dam’s foundation
h) is curved
i) built in narrow canyons
j) the most massive dam
k) costly to build
26. Choose the best variant.
1) The finest material in earth-fill dam is placed…
|
a) in the center |
b) outside the core |
c) on the upstream face |
2) Embankment dams are known as…
|
a) rock-fill |
b) fill dam |
c) riprap |
3) Rip rap serves as an outer protection against…
a) water action, wind, rain, ice
b) fill cracks
c) leakage
4) An earth-fill dam is an embankment dam in which compacted earth materials make up…
|
a) the whole dam |
b) 1/3 the dam |
c) more than ½ the dam |
27. Answer the following questions.
a) When is it most economical to build a rock-fill dam?
b) What are the rock-fill dams constructed of?
c) What covering do they have on the upstream face?
d) What makes the rock-fill dam watertight?
28. Finish the following sentences according to the text.
1) Timber dams are built where…
2) The timber is weighted down with…
3) Planking or other impervious material forms ….
4) Dams with movable gates are built where …
5) A roller can be raised and lowered to allow …
29. What parts of the text can you define? Do they correspond to the paragraphs? Give the titles to each part.
1._________________ 3._________________
2._________________ … _________________
30. Match the following words.
|
1) будущий, предстоящий |
a) riprap |
|
2) пиломатериал |
b) planking |
|
3) транспортировка, перевозка |
c) oncoming |
|
4) обшивка досками |
d) a roller dam |
|
5) каменная наброска |
e) hauling |
|
6) сплавной лесоматериал |
f) lumber |
|
7) разреженный цемент |
g) thinned-out cement |
|
8) плотина с вальцовыми затворами |
h) driftwood |
31. Choose the contextual meaning of the words.
-
support
a) поддержка
b) поддерживать
c) опора
-
like
a) подобно
b) любить
с) одинаковый
-
make up
a) укладывать
b) компенсировать
c) составлять
-
forms
a) формы
b) образовывать
c) контур
-
facing
|
a) лицо |
b) быть обращенным |
c) внешний слой |
32. Make sure you know the nouns formed from the following verbs.
|
to classify → … |
to use → … |
|
to embank → … |
to depend → … |
|
to weigh → … |
to resist → … |
|
to push → … |
to support → … |
|
to slope → … |
to found → … |
|
to compact → … |
to grade → … |
|
to build → … |
to face → … |
|
to transfer → … |
to construct → … |
|
to require → … |
to act → … |