- •Англійська мова
- •Contents
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: higher technical education
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Group the following words in three columns: nouns, verbs, adjectives.
- •Section 2
- •1. Read and translate the following text: the centenary of the kyiv polytechnic institute
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: origin of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the words from column a with their meanings from column b.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: mathematics — the language of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the fields and uses of physics
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read the following groups of words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Give plural form of the following words.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: chemistry and chemical industry
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: communication with computer
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Section 2
- •What can computers do?
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Name the main elements of every computer.
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: man and biosphere
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write the numerals in brackets in words.
- •Spell the following numerals:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: chornobyl nuclear accident
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Write pronouns instead of the words in brackets:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the environmental problems of the western nations
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following sets of words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert the article a/the where it is necessary.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: automation today and tomorrow
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Give the plural form to the following nouns:
- •Information, designer, gas, technique, flight, space
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Change the following sentences into the future tense:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: automatic plant
- •Section 3
- •Standardization
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the following groups of words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: kyiv - the capital of ukraine
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Rewrite the following pairs of sentences so that one sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense. Add any words that are necessary
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: ukraine
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in great britain
- •Put verbs in brackets into right tense. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Prove your thought:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in the usa
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect Tense.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the metals
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following groups of words:
- •Match the English words with their meanings and memorize them.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into proper tense form.
- •Give short answers to the following questions:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: metals and their use
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write out the following metals in two groups: ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in proper tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: metals in perspective
- •Section 4
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Write the following pronouns in the Nominative case:
- •Pick out the pronouns in the following sentences and say what person each one is.
- •Write out these sentences again using pronouns instead of the words in the brackets.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 5
- •1. Read and translate the following text: metals and nuclear energy
- •In the following sentences replace can (could) with to be able form.
- •Turn the following sentences a) into Past Simple Tense b) into the Future Simple Tense. Add necessary “time” expressions.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: metal casting
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert necessary modal verbs into the following sentences:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate tense form.
- •Transform the following sentences a) into Second Conditional, b) into Third Conditional. The first one has been done for you.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: furnaces
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in appropriate tense form according to the meaning:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: cupola
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the following English words with their meaning:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Turn the following sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: materials technology
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (I)
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put verbs in brackets in Passive form. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (II)
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Passive form.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: plastics
- •Section 5
- •Plastics with memory effect
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 6
- •Read and translate the following text: fibres
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 7
- •Read and translate the following text: metals for motoring
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Simple Tense.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (I)
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put in appropriate modal verbs in the blank spaces. Choose the one that seems to you the most suitable.
- •Transform the following sentences into the Simple Past Tense. Make any necessary alterations to ‘time phrases’.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (II)
- •Complete the following sentences by adding a clause:
- •Complete the following sentences by adding the clauses:
- •Read the sentences and say whether they are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: some interesting relationships
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up the word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up word combinations from the following words.
- •Change the following sentences to Subjunctive Conditionals. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Короткий граматичний довідник у таблицях parts of speech
- •Members of the sentence. Word order
- •Pronouns
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Possessive Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Plural of the Noun
- •Adjective
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
- •Adjectives which have two Forms of Comparison
- •Numeral
- •Fractional Numerals
- •Passive voice
- •Modal verbs
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Types of sentences
- •Conditionals
- •Suffixes and preffixes
- •Noun Suffixes
- •Verb Suffixes
- •Adjective Suffixes
- •Adverb Suffixes
- •Negative and positive prefixes
- •Prefixes of size
- •Prefixes of time and order
- •Prefixes of location
- •Prefixes of number
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Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
електричний заряд, ядро, виробляти синтетично, атомна бомба, бор, кремній, вуглець, селен, телур, металоїди, віднині.
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Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
charge, changes, electrical, to produce, actinide, inner, series, portion, to suggest, synthetically.
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Put in appropriate modal verbs in the blank spaces. Choose the one that seems to you the most suitable.
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You _____ learn the places of the elements in the table; it shows the known elements in the order of the strength of the electrical charge on their nuclear.
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You _____ learn the strength of electrical charges of all elements.
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You _____ know the strength of electrical charges of 92 elements.
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Tungsten _____ be called wolfram.
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Columbium _____ be changed to niobium, this element is used as columbium all over the world.
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Transform the following sentences into the Simple Past Tense. Make any necessary alterations to ‘time phrases’.
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The table must show the known elements in the order of the strength of the electrical charge on their nuclei.
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These elements must be produced synthetically.
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The tungsten must be called wolfram.
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The beryllium must be renamed glucinium.
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You must follow these recommendations.
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Answer the following questions:
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How many elements are found in nature?
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What metals are called metalloids?
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When was tungsten decided to be called wolfram?
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How were columbium and beryllium named?
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Who accepted the change from columbium to niobium?
Section 2
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Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (II)
When all of the metals are to be considered as a group, an advantage may be gained if their names are set down in tabular form. This table is a modification of an arrangement made by the Russian chemist Mendeleyev about 1870. This table shows the known elements in the order of the strength of the electrical charge on their nuclei, or inner portions. Elements in the same column are usually similar chemically. At least 88 of the first 92 elements are found in nature. Elements 93 and above were produced synthetically during and after the development of the atomic bomb.
In the table the elements are placed in the order of the strength of the positive electrical charge on the nuclei of their atoms. This strength is indicated by the number in the box above each element. Not only does this number, called the “atomic number”, indicate the charge on the nucleus but it specifies, also, the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus. The combined charge of the electron “cloud” – that is, the outer portion of the atom – must be equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the charge on the nucleus. Otherwise, the atom would not be electrically neutral. The nature of the electron cloud is very important because it determines the chemical and physical properties of the element.
The table makes possible a quick determination of whether an element is a metal or a non-metal. Elements to the left of the heavy, stepped line near the right of the table are metals. Elements to the right of this line are not metals although those immediately to the right, boron, silicon, selenium, tellurium and polonium, are sufficiently metal-like to be called “metalloids”.
While the periodic table is being considered, two points of historical interest may be mentioned. The first refers to the names of metals. One notes that many of the names end in “-ium”. They are the more recently discovered metals, mainly those found in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The metals known to the ancient world and those discovered in later times into the eighteenth century were named before the -ium system was established. Examples of such metals are iron, lead, copper, and zinc.
The second point concerns “naturally occurring” and “artificial” elements. With the exception of numbers 43, 61, 85, and 87, all of the elements up to and including 92, uranium, have been found in nature, mainly in ores. Some doubt exists as to whether elements 43 and 61 occur naturally. If they do, the amounts are near the limit of detectability. The four elements mentioned and all of those with numbers higher than 92 have been produced artificially during research related to atomic weapons and nuclear reactors. Including those made artificially, 103 elements are known, of which approximately 75% are metals.
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Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
отримувати перевагу, модифікація, електричний заряд, внутрішні частини, електрон, ядро, швидке визначення, “штучні” елементи, атомна зброя.
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Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
portions, artificial, cloud, atomic, electrical, number, charge, inner, electron, elements.
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Find in the text antonyms to the following words:
disadvantage, different, negative, unequal, natural.
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Combine the following simple sentences into a complex ones by using relative pronouns who, which, that:
who (used for people), which (used for things), that (used for people and things)
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This table is a modification of an arrangement. It was made by the Russian chemist Mendeleyev.
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The strength is indicated by the number in the box above each element. The number is called as “the atomic number”.
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Mendeleyev was the greatest Russian chemist. He arranged the table of elements in the order of the strength of the electrical charge.
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The strength is indicated by the number in the box. It can be seen above each element.
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The table makes possible a quick determination of elements. Elements are indicated as metals and non-metals.