- •Англійська мова
- •Contents
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: higher technical education
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Group the following words in three columns: nouns, verbs, adjectives.
- •Section 2
- •1. Read and translate the following text: the centenary of the kyiv polytechnic institute
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: origin of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the words from column a with their meanings from column b.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: mathematics — the language of science
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the fields and uses of physics
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Read the following groups of words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Give plural form of the following words.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: chemistry and chemical industry
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: communication with computer
- •2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Section 2
- •What can computers do?
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents. Make your own sentences with these English words.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple Tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Name the main elements of every computer.
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: man and biosphere
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write the numerals in brackets in words.
- •Spell the following numerals:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: chornobyl nuclear accident
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Write pronouns instead of the words in brackets:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: the environmental problems of the western nations
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up sentences from the following sets of words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert the article a/the where it is necessary.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: automation today and tomorrow
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Give the plural form to the following nouns:
- •Information, designer, gas, technique, flight, space
- •Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Change the following sentences into the future tense:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: automatic plant
- •Section 3
- •Standardization
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Read and translate the following groups of words:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: kyiv - the capital of ukraine
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Rewrite the following pairs of sentences so that one sentence is in the Past Perfect Tense. Add any words that are necessary
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: ukraine
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in great britain
- •Put verbs in brackets into right tense. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Prove your thought:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: economy and industry in the usa
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect Tense.
- •Decide whether the following statements are true or false:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the metals
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following groups of words:
- •Match the English words with their meanings and memorize them.
- •Put the verbs in brackets into proper tense form.
- •Give short answers to the following questions:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: metals and their use
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Write out the following metals in two groups: ferrous metals and nonferrous metals.
- •Put the verbs in brackets in proper tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: metals in perspective
- •Section 4
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Write the following pronouns in the Nominative case:
- •Pick out the pronouns in the following sentences and say what person each one is.
- •Write out these sentences again using pronouns instead of the words in the brackets.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 5
- •1. Read and translate the following text: metals and nuclear energy
- •In the following sentences replace can (could) with to be able form.
- •Turn the following sentences a) into Past Simple Tense b) into the Future Simple Tense. Add necessary “time” expressions.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: metal casting
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up sentences from the following words. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Insert necessary modal verbs into the following sentences:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in appropriate tense form.
- •Transform the following sentences a) into Second Conditional, b) into Third Conditional. The first one has been done for you.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: furnaces
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Fill in the gaps with the following verbs in appropriate tense form according to the meaning:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: cupola
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Match the following English words with their meaning:
- •Put the verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Turn the following sentences from Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •1. Read and translate the following text: materials technology
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put verbs in brackets in right tense. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (I)
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put verbs in brackets in Passive form. Translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: properties of metals (II)
- •Put the verbs in brackets in Passive form.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 4
- •Read and translate the following text: plastics
- •Section 5
- •Plastics with memory effect
- •Make word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 6
- •Read and translate the following text: fibres
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 7
- •Read and translate the following text: metals for motoring
- •Find odd words:
- •Make word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put the verbs in brackets either in Present Perfect or in Present Simple Tense.
- •6. Answer the following questions:
- •Section 1
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (I)
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up word combinations from the following words and translate them into Ukrainian:
- •Put in appropriate modal verbs in the blank spaces. Choose the one that seems to you the most suitable.
- •Transform the following sentences into the Simple Past Tense. Make any necessary alterations to ‘time phrases’.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 2
- •Read and translate the following text: the periodic table of elements (II)
- •Complete the following sentences by adding a clause:
- •Complete the following sentences by adding the clauses:
- •Read the sentences and say whether they are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Section 3
- •Read and translate the following text: some interesting relationships
- •Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Make up the word combinations from the following words. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Make up word combinations from the following words.
- •Change the following sentences to Subjunctive Conditionals. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Короткий граматичний довідник у таблицях parts of speech
- •Members of the sentence. Word order
- •Pronouns
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Possessive Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Plural of the Noun
- •Adjective
- •Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs
- •Adjectives which have two Forms of Comparison
- •Numeral
- •Fractional Numerals
- •Passive voice
- •Modal verbs
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Types of sentences
- •Conditionals
- •Suffixes and preffixes
- •Noun Suffixes
- •Verb Suffixes
- •Adjective Suffixes
- •Adverb Suffixes
- •Negative and positive prefixes
- •Prefixes of size
- •Prefixes of time and order
- •Prefixes of location
- •Prefixes of number
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Give the plural form to the following nouns:
datum, system, man, work, tool, industry, analysis,
Information, designer, gas, technique, flight, space
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Put the verbs in brackets in Future Simple.
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A good number of these machines (work) in a few days.
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Automation in our country (reach) the stage of fully automated industry.
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Electronic computing technique (find) wide application in our enterprises.
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Make up word combinations from the following words, translate them into Ukrainian:
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Change the following sentences into the future tense:
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Specialists in cybernetics work on the development of self learning machines.
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Computers and control systems must be introduced on a large scale in industry.
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The introduction of highly efficient automatic control systems was accelerated.
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These self-learning cybernetic systems can collect various data.
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Cybernetic systems able to produce qualitatively new information.
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Answer the following questions:
1. When will the comprehensive automation be affected on a large scale?
2. What are specialists in cybernetics working on?
3. What are cybernetic systems able to produce?
4. Where do electronic computing techniques find the application?
5. How do electronic computing techniques serve?
Section 2
-
Read and translate the following text: automatic plant
The future plant may well be situated tight in the centre of the residential district. The walls will be of metal and glass; there will be no smoke, soot or dust. In a huge, light and busy plant machines produce a slight humming. No workers moving about among machines, only in a small control room two men are on duty. But in the main the factory runs itself.
The factory is fashioning machine tools from raw steel ingots. Huge rollers set to exact thickness flatten the ingots into sheets. Three-dimensional sensing devices “read” patterns from parts, then, transducers convert this information into electrical energy. Amplifiers build up that energy so that it can run machines to shape, drill, and fasten together the parts. Thousands of different individual machining operations are all done mechanically, and supervised by machines. While amplifiers can sense and correct tiny changes in speed or voltage which could cause errors, photo tubes can convert light into signals which count, sort, check defect and judge quality. All operations man did in the past machines do now automatically.
You may say, this has been done for a long time on assembly lines in many factories and most of the individual steps are familiar. That is true, but the new thing is the size and completeness of the system. Not a single stage or a sequence of operations, but a whole plant is completely automated. These systems are described by the term "a closed loop", where a completely automatic controlling device replaces the operator, and the whole process is carried out without human intervention. The computers keep track of supplies on hand, use of parts, tell how much to produce and check the output. The final information closes the loop of automation, and the kind of control is called feed-back.
But still much research work is to be done to perfect the system. It is essential to improve the quality of automation equipment as well as the programs of the computers. A major problem is to better automate inspection, quality control, information system. For solid parts and automatic three-dimensional recognition system (size, shape and colour) the problem still remains of greatest concern. With the increase of automation the scientist must solve the problem of complex interaction groups of sensors tied together by a single system of computer network. The development of new flexible technologies and sociological problems involved need, of course, a new approach too.
So in the ultimate automated factory there will be few, if any, operators or quality control inspectors. Instead, sensors attached to the machines, materials handling systems and package equipment will consider the conditions within their range and send data to programmable controllers, computers or self-contained microprocessors. These units will process the data and send commands back through the system — all without human intervention.
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Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
cталевий зливок, перетворювати, електрична енергія, посилювач, перевіряти дефекти, оцінювати якість, напруга, замкнута система, зворотній зв’язок, тверді частини, взаємодіючі групи, втручання людини.
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Make up word combinations from these words, translate them into Ukrainian:
flexible, steel, technologies, ingot, recognition, sequence of, system, operations.
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Write out the Future Continuous Tense form (affirmative, negative) of the following words:
Model: to write – will be writing (affirmative) – won’t be writing (negative)
to convert, to produce, to describe, to improve, to interact, to attach, to move, to solve, to involve, to process.
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Transform the following sentences from 1st person (I, we) to the 3rd person (he, she, it, they).
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I shall be correcting tiny changes in speed.
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We shall be describing these systems by the term “a closed loop”
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I shan’t be involving new flexible technologies.
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We shall be converting this information into the set of instructions.
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We shall be improving the equality of automation.
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Answer the following questions:
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What will the structure of a future plant be?
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What is “a closed loop”?
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Why is it essential to improve the quality of automation equipment?
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What are the main parts of the automatic three-dimensional recognition systems?
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What will the functions of the sensors attached to the machines be?