Vocabulary

poison, v отравлять disturb, v нарушать wastes, n отходы layer, n слой ray, n луч damage, v приносить вред, вредить, разрушать fertilizers, n минеральное удобрение dangerous, a опасный on the brink of extinction на грани исчезновения penetrate, v пронизывать, проникать (в) acid rains кислотные дожди greenhouse effect парниковый эффект ozone depletion истощение озонового слоя harm, n вред substance, n вещество emit, v выбрасывать, выделять offender, n виновник, преступник threat, n угроза pollution, n загрязнение adopt, v принимать protect, v защищать increase, v увеличивать, повышать destroy, v разрушать aid, n помощь environment, n окружающая среда sewerage, n канализация come to a conclusion прийти к выводу do good (harm) приносить пользу (вред)

I. Give the three forms of the verbs: to grow, to destroy, to fall, to get, to devote, to join, to set, to protect, to know, to make, to come, to take.

II. Suggest Russian renderings for:

1. The scientists the world over made a long-term investigation.

2. It is tackling of this problem which is urgent for the Earthlings that the early efforts of the Ecological International of the Green Gross and Green Crescent will be devoted to.

3. What is implied here is an extensive international project “Resuscitation of Ozone Layer”.

4. The “patching up of the ozone holes” is feasible technologically.

5. It’s necessary to take measures now and to use only ecologically friendly technologies.

III. Give the English equivalents for the following phrases. Consult the text ‘Once again about the Ozone Holes’: предотвратить экологический кризис; объединить усилия; на неправительственной основе; разрушить озоновый слой; сознательное развитие; промышленные отходы; принимать меры; главные аэрокосмические компании; мировое сообщество; технически возможный.

IV. a) Give synonyms for the following words: to prevent, purpose, help, to preserve, to dedicate, to be meant, possible, to require, interest, to implement, to establish.

b) Give antonyms to the following adjectives and verbs: local, governmental, controlled, short-term, unnecessary, powerless, man-made, to break, to construct, to erect, to exclude, to give up, to do good.

c) Give corresponding nouns:

1. to pollute, to control, to develop, to combine, to conclude, to utilize, to waste, to investigate, to create, to set, to solve, to measure;

2. international, governmental, global, uncontrolled, natural, necessary, ecological, friendly, urgent, feasible, technological, capable, industrial, scientific, financial.

V.Match the adjectives and the nouns:

 adjectives

superpowerful ecological scientific mutual ultra-violet global conscientious non-governmental machine-based long-term friendly aerospace companies

nouns

efforts development civilization investigation technologies unit problems crisis warming death body

VI. Read the text ’Once again about the Ozone Holes’. Answer the following questions:

 What is the way to preclude the global ecological crisis?

 Why is it necessary to change from an uncontrolled development of the machine-based civilization to a conscientious development of a society?

 What does the non-governmental body aim at?

 Are there any ways of saving the Planet’s ozone layer?

 What will the early efforts of the Ecological International of the Green Cross and Green Crescent be devoted to?

 Is the “patching up of the ozone holes” feasible technologically or a fantastic idea only?

 How many superpowerful units are able to save our Planet from the “ultra-violet death”?

VII. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form. 1. Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption (to create) some dangerous planet-wide problems recently. 2. If nothing (to be done) about it, one million species of flora and fauna (to become) extinct by 2010. 3. The Environmental movement (to gain) a lot of supporters long before our country (to manage) to join it indeed. 4. The problem of environmental protection (to become) a part of political programs in many countries by the end of the century. 5. Our non-governmental body aimed at implementing some useful laws and decisions on the problem which (to be adopted) before.

VIII. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Begin you answer with: You are right (wrong, mistaken) ..., How could you say that ..., That’s true (not true) ..., I agree with you here ..., I can’t (don’t) agree with you ..., Excuse my interrupting you but ... To my mind ..., in my opinion ..., It goes without saying, (There is) nothing to argue about ...  

 Though each of us must do everything possible to keep the land, air and water clean, the problem can’t be solved by the only man in the only country.

 The pollution of the environment is one of the greatest dangers to human beings on earth.

 The concentration of smoke in the air is so high in some industrial centers that it is deadly dangerous just to breathe there.

 The ecological harmony is disturbed on earth.

 Now the planet’s “green lungs” are being destroyed, its ozone layer ruined, the acid rains fall out and the oceans get polluted.

 Our aim at present is to change from an uncontrolled development of the machine-based civilization to a conscientious development of a society.

 The world community needs 30-45 superpowerful units at least to generate several thousand tons of ozone a month.

IX. Read the following selections using the dictionary. "The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers and sea with dangerous and even lethal chemicals."—Rachel Carson, Silent Spring

Air pollution is the result of man's use of lethal chemicals, and is a common hazard in both industrial and developing countries. One form of air pollution is acid rain.

Acid rain results from the release into the atmosphere of sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide. Electrical generating plants, industrial boilers, large smelters, and automobiles are among the chief source of these emissions. The gases react with water droplets, forming a diluted mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and it is this mixture that returns to earth in the form of acid rain, mist, or snow. Pushed by wind currents, the acid rain often falls to the ground far from its point of origin.

Acid rain is killing vast stretches of forest in Canada, the United States, and central and northern Europe. In Europe nearly every species of tree is affected. Symptoms include thinning of leaves and needles, deformed growth, and, in some cases, death. Acid rain has acidified lakes and streams, rendering them unable to support fish, wildlife, plants, or insects. In Sweden at least 40,000 of the 90,000 lakes have been affected, and in the United States one in five lakes suffers from this type of pollution.

 

*********************************************************

U n i t 7

G r a m m a r: 1. Continuous Tenses. Active Voice Present Continuous Past Continuous Future Continuous 2. Word-building. The suffixes of adjectives T e x t s: A. He Started Britain’s Railways B.  C. Inventors and Their Inventions C o n v e r s a t i o n: The Progress of Science

 

Г р а м м а т и ч е с к и й м а т е р и а л