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-пиите номера слов с отрицательным префиксом:

lit

j6 semiconductive; 17. incomplete; 18. recharge; 19. non-conductive; 10 jpjpure; 21. overfulfil; 22. misinform; 23. dislike; 24. unable

gbi6ePHTC перевод выделенного слова:

25. This polymer can be a good substitute for metal. 26. This polymer substitutes metals in many cases.

a) заменитель: b) заменители; с) заменяет

 

27.

BAM greatly influences the life of the

vast region.

28.

One may feel its influence in all spheres

of the life in Siberia.

а) влияет; b) влияние; с) влияния

Task 2

I.значения глаголов should и would-.

a)модальный глагол ('должен, следует, нужно');

b)всаомогательный глагол для образования сослагательного наклонения;

c)вспомогательный глагол для образования Futare-in-tbe-Past.

1.

We

should

analyse

the

results of the test ourselves.

 

2.

The

professor told

him

that he would analyse the results of

the

test himself.

 

 

 

 

 

3.

If we had

completed

die

test, we would have analysed the results.

4.

It would be difficult

to

analyse the results of the test without

the

teacher's

help.

 

П. Выберите перевод

выделенного сказуемого:

It is important

that our institute should continue this research.

*) должен продолжать; b) продолжил бы; с) будет продолжать

There

are problems which should be solved in co-operation with

other

countries.

 

*) Должны решаться; b) будут решаться; с) решались бы

• We were told that we would test new flexible lines at our workshop.

a) Должны испытать; b) испытали бы; с) будем испытывать

' The engineer proposes that the new automatic line should begin operating at once.

9 t l В а ч н е т Работать; b) (чтобы) начала работать; с) должна начать работать

fhe building of this stadium would be impossible without modern technique.

10 ? невозможно; b) было бы невозможно; с) невозможно

Was evident from the beginning that the construction of BAM

Jould greatly transform the life of these regions.

Немило бы; b) изменяет; с) изменит

211

11. Were

the

construction

of

the power

station completed, the r •

would

get

electricity in the

necessary

amount.

 

 

 

а) получит; b) получал; с) получил бы

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12. If we placed a small bulb in a complete circuit, it would

light ц0

а) зажжется; b) зажглась бы; с) зажглась

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Task

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. Выберите английское слово, соответствующее русскому:

 

 

 

1.

принадлежать — a) lose, b) lead, с) lay, d) belong

2.

выполнить — a) fly,

b)

fulfil, c)

follow, d) fmd out

3.

влиять — a) keep,

b)

permit,

c)

influence,

d)

master

4. требуется — a) it is

desirable,

b)

it

is required, c) it is important

5.

запускать — a) launch, b) permit, c) dream, d) grow

 

6.

площадь — a) ore,

b)

area, c) car, d)

timber

 

 

 

7.

чувствительный — a) remarkable,

b)

impressive,

c)

sensitive

8.

сходный — a) slow, b) true, c) tiny, d) like

 

 

 

9.

таким

образом — a)

thus, b)

owing to, c) due

to,

d) exactly

II. Выберите синоним выделенного слова:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.

provided — a) when,

b)

on condition,

c)

or,

d)

unless

11.

require — a) charge,

b)

keep,

c)

demand,

d)

complete

12.

suggest — a) launch, b) set up, c) split, d) propose

13.

wish — a) stretch, b) enable, c)

desire, d) belong

 

III. Выберите антоним выделенного слова:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

14. war — a) chain, b) fission, с) might, d) peace

 

 

15.

complete — a) last, b) start, c) observe, d) situate

 

16.

artificial — a) rich,

b) nuclear,

c)

natural,

d)

slow

 

LESSON SIXTEEN

Правила чтения

Буквы И буквосочетания, передающие звуки [э:], [ju:] и [и:]

Грамматика

Сложные формы герундия, их функции в предложении и способы перевода на

русский язык.

I»1 ~

КАК РАБОТАТЬ НАД УРОКОМ

 

Урок рекомендуется изучать следующим образом:

 

I

Выполните

упражнение на повторение правил чтения.

 

1

Повторите

функции, в

которых

употребляется

простая

форма

 

герундия,

и способы

его

перевода на

русский

язык

(§ 100—102).

3. Проработайте новый грамматический материал: сложные формы

герундия (§ 103,

104).

Обратите

внимание на то, что сложные

формы герундия,

как

правило,

переводятся на

русский

язык

I придаточными предложениями,

в которых Perfect

Gerund

всегда

переводится глаголом в прошедшем времени. Просмотрите

таблицу форм герундия

(§ 100) и выполните упражнения 2, 3.

4. Выполните упражнение

4 на интернациональную лексику.

5.Прочтите текст А вслух два-три раза и переведите его, пользуясь Примечаниями к тексту и словарем. Выучите слова на с. 216.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту (упражнение 5).

6.Для расширения словарного запаса и лучшего его усвоения выполните упражнения раздела "Word Study".

Для закрепления лексического и грамматического материала выполните упражнения 8—11.

Прочтите текст В и выполните упражнения 13, 14.

*Для повторения пройденного материала выполните упражнения Раздела "Revision Exercises".

Exercises

^Р^тгите слова, обращая внимание на то, что выделенные буквы е, i, и, о

Состоятельно н в буквосочетаниях передают звуки |э:], (ju:], (и:]:

term, serve, mercury, thermal, i'nert, ob'serve birth, circuit, circular, firm, dirty

•J • turn, turbine, surface, purpose, re'turn

heard, earth, early, search, years, re'search work, worker, word, world, worst, worthy were, journal

213

ing metals and alloys that
new processes by produc-

{uses, tube, unit, fusion, union, u'ranium, due new, few, dew, newspaper

suit, neutron, nucleus (rule, ruler, rude, blue, June

soon, tool, moon, wooden, shoot, pool

prove, move, movement, lose, through, im'prove

GRAMMAR STUDY

2. Сравните перевод глагола в фор» Gerund Indefinite Active и Passive (§ 103 и таблицы в §100):

а) в функции подлежащего:

1. Strengthening

metals

means

reinforcing

them

with artificial fibres.

 

2.Using atomic fuel for the production of electricity is one of the most promising sources of energy.

б) в функции дополнения:

1.Our professor likes inviting young specialists to take part in his researches.

2.We are no longer surprised

at watching a telecast from outer space.

в) в функции обстоятельства:

1. We can't use these pieces of metal in the process without hammering them into thin sheets.

Their being reinforced with artificial fibres makes them more corrosion resistant.

Atomic fuel has great possibilities. Its being used for the direct production of electricity is one of the most promising.

But he avoids being invited to take part in their own researches.

We are no longer surprised at telecasts being shown from outer space.

These pieces of metal can't be used ш the process without being hammered into thin sheets.

2. Metallurgists are developing Some kinds of paints allow the metal to stay under water for several ye315

without being repainted.

meet the present-day requirements.

214

$ фувкиин определения:

j^uch effort is being given to find the most efficient means of gen- ^iting electricity.

^t функции части сказуемого:

j.The aim of these measures is raising standards of service. 2. Supplied with books and scientific equipment the young scientist began experimenting.

3.Определите функцию и дайте перевод герундия в форме Gerund Indefinite и perfect:

1. Heating the gas increases the

Their having overheated the gas

speed

of the molecules.

 

 

changed the results of the experi-

 

 

 

 

 

 

ment.

 

 

 

 

2. The

investigator

mentioned

his

The investigator mentioned his hav-

testing

this material for

strength.

ing

tested

this

material

for

strength.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Without improving the proper-

Without having improved the prop-

ties of this alloy

we can't use it

erties of this alloy we couldn't use

in the

production

process.

 

it in the production process.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Прочтите

текст А и выпишите из

него все

интернациональные

слова.

Значение

слова concrete найдите

в словаре. Остальные

слова

переведите, не

•рябегая

к помощи

словаря:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TEXT

A. PEACEFUL ATOMS

 

 

 

Achievements in studying atom structure have opened up new, practically unlimited possibilities to humanity for further mastering nature's

forces. The discovery of

atomic energy provides as profound effect for

the benefit of civilization1

as the discovery of fire and electricity.

After having recovered from the shock of unimaginable horror of the explosion of the atomic bomb over Hiroshima people asked scientists soon they would be able to apply the immense power of fissioned nucleus to peaceful purposes. Many problems had to be solved: the main 006 was that of "braking" the released neutrons efficiently so that the

chain reaction could be controlled.

The "classical" solution to this problem is conducting the heat generated by the fission process out of the reactor, making it boil water and orcing the resulting steam to drive turbines which, in their turn,2 drive

eectnc generators. It is a way which works well although it is still rather expensive.

215

It is to be noted that the first power station fed

by atomic fu ,

which was also the world's first atomic

power station

started work!

in Obninsk, near Moscow, in 1954. Its

capacity was

5,000

kilowah?

Thirty years later in the Soviet Union

there were

already

13 atomj

power stations with the total capacity

of over 21

million

kilowatt

At the same time with large atomic stations smaller mobile electric^

producing units have been created based

on the discovery of

radioac^

sources — isotopes. Mobile nuclear installations may be carried by rail and then by transporters to the out-of-the-way regions3 even in areas having no roads. Such a station according to estimates can operate with, out being recharged for two years.

Today scientists are looking for new more efficient nuclear processes of producing energy. But it was only lately that the physicists understood

that the process of

producing tremendous energy by stars,

including our

Sun, was the very

process they were looking for. Now

we know that

this thermonuclear process is called fusion and it takes place at fantastically high temperatures. It can be done only by imitating on the Earth the process that makes the Sun shine.

There are many difficult problems to overcome before thermonuclear power stations based on this process can become a reality, but the problem of fuel supply is the least of them: the oceans of the Earth are practically an inexhaustible source of deuterium which plays the decisive part in the fusion process and its extraction from sea water is neither complicated nor expensive.

In short,4 peaceful uses of atomic energy are vast — but we must stop using it on weapons of mass annihilation.

Notes on the Text

1.provides as profound effect for the benefit of civilization — оказывает такое « глубокое влияние на развитие цивилизации

2.in their turn — в свою очередь

3.out-of-the-way regions — отдаленные районы

4.in short — короче говоря

Words to Be Learnt

according (to) adv — согласно although cj — хотя

brake v — тормозить, обуздывать decisive a — решающий

explosion n — взрыв feed (fed) v — питать fusion n — синтез

humanity n — человечество

inexhaustible a — неистощимы® lately adv — недавно

purpose n — цель

recover v — приходить в себя release v — освобождать shine (shone) v — светить (the) very a — тот самый

216

£0T*«Tvn: H* """F^bi.

1.What possibilities have the achievements in the study of atom structure opened up?

2.What question did people ask scientists after the explosion of the gjst atomic bomb?

3.What was the main problem in applying the immense power of fissioned nucleus to peaceful purposes?

4.When and where did the first atomic power station start working?

5.What was its capacity?

6.

Why

are

mobile nuclear installations

convenient?

7.

How

long

can they operate without

being recharged?

8. What thermonuclear process takes place at fantastically high temperatures?

9. What element plays the decisive part in fusion process? 10. What can this element be extracted from?

WORD STUDY

6, С помощью данных суффиксов образуйте существительные и переведите как

исходные, так

и производные слова:

 

 

 

-er: to listen, to

fight, to found, to driv(e), to boil, to

bum, to

contain,

to

convert,

to

condens(e)

 

 

 

•or: to direct, to creat(e), to inspect, to investigate),

to

resist,

to con-

duct, to compress, to react, to accelerate)

 

 

 

•ion: to

attract,

to

reflect, to discuss, to express,

to

indicate), to

insulat(e)

-ation: to inform, to consider, to found, to combin(e), to examine, to continu(e)

•sfon: to conver(t), to divi(de), to explo(de), to deci(de)

•flwnfc to anange, to improve, to move, to achieve, to require, to measure -•nee: to appear, to assist, to resist, to acquaint

•«nee: to exist, to depend, to differ, to insist

"tog: to mean, to broadcast, to build, to draw, to coat *ows: tough, bright, thick, cold, exact, hard, effective intens(e), activ(e), resistiv(e), equal, elastic, electric

"•ge: to break, to pass, to use, volt

^ НОДМдите сочетания слов, обращая особое внимание на значения префиксов:

"^organic chemistry; unexpected results; disordered movement; ^-magnetic steel; to misunderstand the explanation; immobile installa- a displaced ray; uncharged neutrons; non-breakable crystals; an ir-

217

regular form; a serious miscalculation; an illogical conclusion;

unlink

possibilities; misusage of terms

^

8. 'Определите функцию герундия в предложении; предложения переведите,

1. Using radioactive isotopes opens up new possibilities for medici^ and agriculture.

2.John Dalton stated that atoms are incapable of being destroyed or created.

3.The Curies' having discovered radium gave them the possibility 0f discovering other radioactive elements.

4.

One of the ways of producing tremendous energy is

imitating on

the Earth the process that makes

the Sun

shine.

 

5.

We know of the atomic reactor being fed with uranium 235.

6.

After the young scientist's report having been discussed at the

conference it was published in

a

scientific

journal.

 

7.

We know of Yablochkov's

having found a brilliant solution to the

difficult problem of using the

electric arc

for lighting.

 

8.

While heavy atoms can

be made to

release energy

by splitting,

light atoms, such as hydrogen, can yield energy by being fused together. 9. Work on "braking" the H-bomb and on using the fusion process for

generating electricity is going forward in several countries.

10.Conducting heat and electricity is the property of most metals. Their being good conductors of heat and electricity made them widely used in industry.

9.Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на перевод усилнтелымв конструкции (§ 113):

1.It was after solving the problem of splitting the nuclei of some el-

ements

that

the atomic energy could be received.

 

2.

It is

the Sun and the sunlike stars that have provided the key to

the energy

conversion that can be obtained with a hydrogen

plasma

3.

It was Kurchatov who discovered the isomerism of artificial radio-

active

nuclei.

 

4.

It is

atomic electricity that will be the electricity of

tomorrow

10.Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на различные значе"** as н for.

а) 1. Automatic interplanetary stations carrying scientific instrumeo® will continue to serve as the principal means of studying cosmic spa66*

218

 

 

As infra-red rays

can be detected by their heat effect, they are

 

times called

heat waves.

50

3

Since gases

expand

on heating and contract on cooling, it is inter-

f

e

to consider what will happen as we continue lowering their tem-

i

below

0° C.

 

'

4

As s o o n

a s

 

sections of Novovoronezhskaya atomic power

tation were put into operation, it became one of the biggest atomic sta-

nds in

Russia.

 

 

5.

Atomic as well

as

conventional power stations are being con-

n e d

 

in Russia.

 

 

6.

Mendeleyev's Periodic Table enabled him to predict not only the

existence

of some unknown elements but their properties as well.

6) 1.

We should create research possibilities for those who have the

abilityt}° research work.

 

2.

In stretching an elastic object such as a steel spring, for instance,

Acre comes a time when

the elastic limit is reached.

3.

Nuclear energy is of

great importance, for it can be applied prac-

tically

in every sphere of life.

4.

Moscow Radio has been transmitting its programmes to foreign

countries

for more than

sixty years.

II.Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на различные значения слов very и only:

1. The thermonuclear process of fusion takes place at very high temperatures. It is the very process that makes the Sun shine.

2. The mass of all the protons is always less than the mass of the whole atom nucleus. The only exception to this is hydrogen whose nucleus contains only one proton.

'2. Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, пользуясь списком *<*ых слов и сочетаний:

TEXT В. A NEW TASK OF PEACEFUL ATOMS

advantage n — преимущество *P*rt from — кроме, помимо "Otter-house л —котельная (*eposit n — месторождение «Werprise n — предприятие

t Q vironment n — окружающая

сРеда

pollute v — загрязнять promising a — перспективный put into operation — вводить

в действие

safe a — безопасный save v — экономить step n — шаг

219

It all

began in

 

June 1954 when the first atomic power

station i

0 the

.J

 

. • .

 

 

—

— j

1-

-Г

 

.

 

world was put into operation

and the people

of Obninsk were the^fl? t ii

the world

to

warm

their morning tea and coffee with "atomic

electric

ity".

.

Today Russia

J

has

considerable experience in

building

nuclear пл

 

 

J

 

• •

 

L '

 

.1 ' _

j niig

uucie;

 

"УЧ/tr

plants and is conducting more research in this field.

 

 

 

Now

the

power

industry

is taking the

next step: apart

from

conv

tional nuclear stations producing only electricity, we are also build? stations which produce both electricity and heat for houses and industrv Up to 40 per cent of fuel resources in our country are used by thermal electric plants and boiler-houses to supply houses and enterprises win, heat and hot water. That is why development and application of nuclear heat sources are so important.

Atomic thermoelectric stations are extremely promising for the European part of Russia: because one such station will save about 800,000 tonnes of organic fuel a year and will substitute for about 500 low-effi- ciency boiler-houses polluting the air.

Atomic heating stations have also an advantage of being ecologically clean and therefore they can be built close to big cities. Hot water supplied to houses and enterprises is isolated from reactor water. Atomic "boiler-houses" and nuclear power stations are under constant control.

*13. Выберите правильный ответ в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1. What happened

in June 1954

in

Obninsk?

a)

new mineral

fuel deposits

were discovered;

b) the first atomic power station

in the world was put into operation;

c)

a fully automatic plant was

built.

2.Why are atomic thermoelectric stations extremely promising for the European part of our country?

a) because

one

such station will save about 800,000 tonnes of or-

 

ganic fuel

a

year;

 

b)

because

it

is

densely

populated;

c)

because

there are many big cities there.

3. What is an

advantage of

such a thermoelectric station?

a)it is ecologically clean;

b)it produces cheap energy;

c)it is fully automatic.

14.Переведите слова и словосочетания в скобках, пользуясь списком сЛ°*

данных ниже:

1. The first atomic power station in the world (была введен3 действие) in 1954 in Russia.

220

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