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Белорусский национальный технический университет

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<<< < Предыдущая 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 / 4711 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 > Следующая >>>

г елайте

синтаксический

анализ

предложений,

обращая

внимание

на

J9. ^Дсобы

выражения дополнения:

use electricity on

a large

scale.

Little

was known about

the

nature

of electricity in the last century.

3 We know that the

development of light and heavy industry is

largely

dependent on electricity.

We want to ask our

teacher if he can tell us about the construc-

tion

of atomic power plants

other countries.

прочтите

текст и постарайтесь

понять

его содержание, пользуясь списком

новых слов:

TEXT В. THE FASTEST CITY TRANSPORT

add v — добавлять

passenger n — пассажир

capital n — столица

poster-map —

карта-схема

carry v — перевозить

railway terminal — железнодорожный вокзал

connect v — соединять

train n — поезд

have got = have

unlike a — непохожий; зд. в отличие

There are several cities in Russia which have got the metro at pres-

ent. The first 11.6 km-long line

the

Moscow

underground,

the oldest

in our

country, went into

operation

1935. Today the

total

length

the Moscow metro lines is more than 300 km. According to the General

Plan for the		capital's development another 120 km will be added in the
next few	years.
If you	look at the poster-map of the Moscow metro, you'll see a			lot
of train lines		which run in all	directions through the city. You'll also	see
a ringroad around the centre			which connects the most important squares
and railway		terminals.
In 1955		underground trains started running in St. Petersburg. The
first line	ran	from the north	to the south of the city and crossed	the

Neva under the bottom of the deep river waters. Unlike the Moscow jnetro trains which go not only under ground but also over ground, St.


etersburg			trains all run				in	the deep		tunnels. Today the length of the
0Ur	main		lines	is	more		than		100 km. Over two million passengers are
Carried		by	this	fast transport					daily.
..	St	Petersburg			underground				is the	first in the country where all its
is	316 ^^PPed				with	the		systems of		train automatic	control. Television
. \| / S o		a good helper at				the		metro stations. Automation			and telemechanics
		all the complex ventilating, escalator and other systems,
	should be said that in our country great attention is paid to the ar-
^tural			design		of the		stations and			to passenger comfort.

101

*21. Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1. At present the metro			is...
a)	in ail	large cities of	Russia;
b)	only	in several cities	of Russia;

c) in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

2. The Moscow metro is...

a)the oldest in the world;

b)the oldest in Europe;

c)	the oldest	in	our country.
3.	Now the	total	length of the Moscow metro is...

a)120 km;

b)more than 300 km;

c)more than 320 km.

4. Trains in the St. Petersburg metro...

a)all go in the tunnels;

b)go over ground and under ground.

22.Заполните пропуски, пользуясь списком слов, данных ниже:

1. The Moscow underground ringline ... large squares							and railway ... .
2.	New	metro	stations	constantly.
3.	Every	day	about three	million	passengers	by the St. Peters-
burg	metro.
4.	Automatic		control	great	attention to	at all	stations.
are carried;		terminals; connects;		is paid; arc added
				Revision	Exercise

Переведите предложения, уделяя особое внимание переводу прилагательных и наречий:

а) 1. The shop is large. It is as large as 165 square metres. The shop is largely experimental. The larger the shop the more air it has and

therefore	the	better	conditions are provided for work.
2. The mercury column is 30 inches high. The higher the mercury
column,	the	higher	is the pressure.

3. The experimentor worked hard for several months because he was given quite a new task. That was a hard job. He could hardly complex

his	research in time.
	б) The greatest part of the matter around	us	is liquid	or gas. Long
ago	scientists did not know as much about	the	air and	water as we

know now. Water is one of the most common things in our life. At four

degrees	above zero the volume of water is the smallest.
Air is very heavy. It is much		heavier, for example, than hydrogen °r
nitrogen,	but liquid oxygen is a	little heavier than water. Hydrogen ,s
14 times	lighter than air. It is a chemical element with the simplest p05
102

On a hiah mountain there is less air above us and therefore

ЗАКОНЧИВ РАБОТУ НАД УРОКОМ б, ВЫ ДОЛЖНЫ ЗНАТЬ:

1 Чтение гласной у, полугласной у и буквосочетаний wr, wh.

2 Грамматический материал:

а) образование страдательного залога (The Passive Voice) времен группы Indefinite и способы его перевода (3);

б) особенности страдательного залога в английском языке.

3 Слова, выделенные для запоминания, на с. 97.

Вы должны знать 179 слов и выражений.

LESSON SEVEN

Правила чтения

1.Чтение окончания -ing.

2.Чтение окончания -у в многосложных словах.

3.Чтение двусложных слов.

Грамматика

1. Времена группы Continuous в действительном и страдательном залоге. 2. Усилительная конструкция типа it is (was) that (who).

3. Определительные придаточные предложения.

Словообразование

Суффиксы глаголов -ate, -ize, -ify, -en.

КАК РАБОТАТЬ НАД УРОКОМ

Урок рекомендуется изучать следующим образом:

1.Выполните упражнения на правила чтения.

2.Проработайте грамматический материал:

а) Образование и употребление времен группы Continuous в действительном и страдательном залоге (§ 55—58). Обратите внимание на то, что во временах Continuous глаголы на русский язык переводятся глаголами несовершенного вида. Просмотрите таблицы перед текстом А и выполните упражнения А—7;

б) Прочтите § ИЗ, обратите внимание на особенности перевода усилительных конструкций, которые служат для выделения членов предложения; выполните упражнение 16;

в) Прочтите § 126, выучите союзы и союзные слова, вводящие определительные придаточные предложения; выполните упражнения 20—21.

3.Перед чтением текста А выполните упражнение 8 на интернациональную лексику.

4.Прочтите текст А вслух два-три раза и переведите его, пользу*0* примечаниями к тексту и словарем. Выучите слова на с" 109—110. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту (упражнение 9).

104

Лля расширения словарного	запаса	и лучшего его усвоения
5- ^полните упражнения раздела	"Word	Study".

ттпя закрепления грамматического и лексического материала выполните упражнения 18, 19.

Прочтите текст В и выполните упражнения 23—25.

Идя повторения пройденного материала выполните упражнения ^ раздела "Revision Exercises".

9 Прочтите раздел "You Should Know...".

Exercises

1 Прочтите слова с окончанием -ing:

sitting, putting, coming, studying, looking, carrying, measuring, boiling, writing, doing, burning

2.Прочтите многосложные слова с окончанием -у, которое в безударном положеннн читается как:

а) [ai] — в глаголах:
occupy,	multiply, verify, specify,		rectify, purify, so'lidify
б) [i] — в	остальных	частях речи:
mercury,	laboratory,	e'conomy,	industry, normally, comparatively,
mostly, ordinary, sunny,		ac'tivity, twenty

3. Прочтите двусложные слова:

data, ultra, oval, special, thermal, normal, vessel, lesson, symbol, system, column, surface, moment, student, compass, figure, ruler, burner,

8ra®mar, corner, colour, odour, famous, open, sudden, widen, weaken, strengthen

solid, polish, logic, limit, visit, finish, rapid, cabin, city, body, study, planet, level, medal, metal, present, unit, cubic, humid, hu-

man» music, tunic, duty, funny

GRAMMAR STUDY

Спряжение глаголов во временах группы Continuous

Passive

to be + being + Participle II

105

	The Present Continuous Tense
Active		I	Passive
I		I	am
He (she, it)	is asking.	He (she, it)	is • being asked.
We (you, they)	are	We (you, they)	are
Я спрашиваю (сейчас).		Меня спрашивают (сейчас).
		Меня спрашивают (сейчас).
He is not asking.		He is not being asked.
Thcv are not asking.		They are not being asked.
Is he asking?		Is he being asked?
Are they asking?		Are they being asked?
	The Past	Continuous Tense

	Active
I (he, she, it)	was]
We (you, they)	^ asking.
We (you, they)	werej
Я спрашивал.

She was not asking.

We were not asking.

Was she asking?

Were you asking?

	Passive
I (he, she, it)	wasl. .	, ,
We (you, they)	werejУ being asked.
Меня спрашивали.

She was not being asked.

We were not being asked.

Was she being asked?

Were you being asked?

				The Future Continuous Tense (Active)
1. The	experimental				flexible	line	Экспериментальная гибкая лини
will be working for two hours on							будет работать в течение дву
Wednesday.							часов в среду.
2. The	ship		will	be	crossing	the	Корабль будет пересекать канал
channel		at	9	o'clock according			в 9 часов согласно расписанию.
to the		time-table.

4. Образуйте форму Participle I от глаголов (§ 93):

1.	to	do, to be, to boil, to build, to send, to develop
2.	to	study, to occupy, to try, to rely, to pay
3.	to	house, to consume, to note, to indicate, to place
4.	to	cut,	to	get,	to	let, to put, to equip
5.	to	lie,	to	ate,	to	tie

5.*а) Найдите сказуемое в следующих парах предложений; б) определите его вр**1 сравните образование и употребление времен и переведите предложения.

a)Present

1.Our plant produces equipment for chemical laboratories.

2.Water boils at 100 °C.

Our shop is producing some new chemical apparatus.

The water in the tube is boiling.

106

6) **st

•flje laboratory assistant 1'wrote down the results

0f his research.

2 The workers mounted the new machine tools yesterday.

B) Future

The technicians of our plant will increase the productivity of this experimental

machine tool.

The laboratory assistant

was writing down all the data during our experiment.

They were mounting them from 5 to 7 o'clock.

They will be increasing it little by little.

(. Пользуясь колонкой справа, назовите время и залог сказуемого. Сочетания слов переведите.

1.	We are installing new equipment...	Present Indefinite Passive
2. It was installed...		Past Continuous Passive
3.	It was being installed...	Future Indefinite Passive
4. It is installed...		Present Continuous Active
5.	It will be installed...	Past Indefinite Passive
6.	It is being installed...	Future Continuous Active
7.	We will be installing it...	Present Continuous Passive

'' Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого:

1- Interesting

and

important researches

a r e d o n e

all over

the

world,

^ i n t e r e s t i n g

research

the field of

electronics is

being

done

our

2- Weather

conditions

the

North w e r e

studied

meteorologists

У- The information about

these conditions

w a s being

studied

our

* * *

for

a week.

The

accuracy

machine

tools

will

i m p r o v e d

from

year

• One

machine

tool

being

w o r k e d

our

laboratory,

b ^

• Prospects

the

usage

solar

energy

a r e u n d e r s t o o d

every-

Now

solar

energy

and

its usage

a r e being

studied

lot of

re-

c h

groups.

107

occupies t

International Words

8.He прибегая к помощи словаря, переведите интернациональные

встречающиеся в тексте данного урока. Обратите внимание на их nonn0t ^

падение с соответствующими	русскими словами по значению и частичн
по звучанию (§ 144).
condenser [kan'densa] п	periodic [днэпЪсЬк] а
element ['elimant] п	regulate ['regjuleit] v
filter fftltd] n	ventilator ['ventileite] n

TEXT A. IN THE CHEMICAL LABORATORY

Look at the picture! Here is our chemical laboratory.' It

large room which is furnished with many long tables or benches2 as they are called. It is at these benches that experiments are usually do1* There are a lot of things on the first bench. Nearly in the middle there stands a Bunsen burner with a flask over it. During an experiment & Bunsen burner is connected with the main gas line by a rubber tube The flame of the burner is being regulated by means of a tap. The

is fixed to the ring-stand. If some solution is boiling in the flask,

steam is coming out of it.	.
At the side of the bench	there is a sink with two taps for cold a®8

hot water. At the foot of the bench on the left-hand side there are shelves with a few bottles on them. They contain chemical substance*

solids and liquids. Some of the liquids	are colourless and o d o u r l ® 5 *
while others possess different colours and	odours.

108

	the right-hand	side there stands a rack with twelve test tubes in
	the wall above	the bench one can see the Periodic Table of Ele-
ts	in the cupboard	on the left you can see flasks of different shapes
И sizes, different kinds of glass tubes, condensers, filters, and so				on,
110	things without which		no chemical experiment can be done.
* a , A	s tudent in white	overall,	Barbara, is preparing for an experiment	at

bench. She is to get a new compound. Barbara is measuring some Tuid in the measuring glass. When the liquid is measured it is poured JJ0 a special vessel and is mixed with water. From time to time Barbara looks up at the solution which is boiling on the Bunsen burner.

The other student, David, is sitting at the table on the left near the window and is putting down the results of his experiments which he was carrying out from 11 to 12 a. m.5 Suddenly he raises his head and says:

"Hey, Barbara, what are you doing? Why is the room being filled with steam? Regulate the flame of the, burner, please, or turn it off."

Barbara runs up to the burner. She turns off the tap of the burner and turns on the ventilators. The flame is being regulated, the powerful ventilators are being turned on. Little by little the air in the room is being purified.

Notes on the Text

IHere is our chemical laboratory.— Вот наша химическая лаборатория. (Здесь имеет место инверсия.)

bench — эд. лабораторный стол

3.Bunsen burner — бунзеновская горелка; Bunsen, Robert — Роберт Бунзен, немецкий физик (1811—1899)

4that is — то есть

from И to 12 а. т.— с II до 12 часов дня; а. т.— лат. ante meridiem — до полудня; р. т. — лат. post meridiem — после полудня

		Words to Be Learnt
boil v— кипеть		fill	v— наполнять
burner	n — горелка		head	n — голова
Call			liquid	n — жидкость
u v — называть(ся)
c*rry out v—проводить			mix v — смешивать
C o '0 U r	n — цвет		possess v — обладать
®°Hpound n — хим.		соединение	pour	v — лить, наливать
Dnect	v — соединять		powerful a — мощный
"tain	v — содержать		prepare for v — готовиться к

109

purify v—очищать(ся)

put down (put) v — записывать raise v — поднять, поднимать rubber n — резина

shape n — форма side n— сторона size n — размер

9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

solution n — раствор steam n — nap

turn v — поворачивать turn on v — включать turn off v — выключать vessel л — сосуд

1. What kind of room can you see in the picture? 2. What is the chemical laboratory furnished with? ' 3. What things are there on the first bench?

4. What is there in the middle of this bench? 5. What is the Bunsen burner connected with?

6. How can the flame of the burner be regulated? 7. What is the flask fixed to during experiments? 8. What is boiling in the flask?

9.What is Barbara doing?

10.Is David preparing for an experiment?

11.What is he doing?

12.When was he carrying out his experiment?

13.Why did Barbara purify the air in the laboratory?

WORD STUDY

10.Образуйте глаголы при помощи данных суффиксов и перевелите к*к исходные, так и производные слова (§ 142, 2):

-en: length, strength, hard, light, wid(e), broad, bright -ify: solid, pur(e), simpl(e), intens(e), electr(ic), qual(ity)

-ize: magnet, organ, crystal, character, special, pressure)

11.Образуйте при помощи суффикса -ion существительные от глаголов { суффиксом чае и переведите как исходные, так и производные слова (§ 142» "

illustrat(e), regulat(e), ventilat(e), condensat(e), d e m o n s t r a t e ) - accelerat(e), indicat(e), activat(e), concentrat(e)

12.Переведите слова одного корня, обращая внимание на способы образов*11** различных частей речи:

1. long а	—	length	—	to lengthen
strong a	—	strength	—	to strengthen
high a	—	height	—	to heighten

110

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