Англ. для заоч.Андрианова
.pdf2 broad a |
— |
to broaden |
— |
breadth |
deep a |
— |
to deepen |
— |
depth |
widefl |
— |
to widen |
— |
width |
3. dark я |
— |
to darken |
— |
darkness |
thick a |
— |
to thicken |
— |
thickness |
light a |
— |
to lighten |
— |
lightness |
black a |
— |
to blacken |
— |
blackness |
weak a |
— |
to weaken |
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weakness |
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на синонимы слова kind. |
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kind, type, sort, class, variety |
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There are |
some |
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kinds |
of chemicals (substances, |
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a few |
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types |
tools, materials, engines, |
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several |
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sorts |
etc.). |
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many |
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classes |
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a lot of |
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varieties |
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1. It is known that substances can be divided into several classes ac- |
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cording to their states, colours, |
and |
odours. |
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2. |
Our chemical laboratory is furnished with a large variety of glass |
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apparatus. |
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3. |
We were shown different sorts |
of chemical vessels without which |
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no chemical experiment can be |
done. |
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4. |
It should be noted that there |
exist different kinds of compasses |
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and they are used in navigation, |
artillery, aviation and in some industries |
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as well. |
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5. |
Michurin |
developed a |
lot |
of new varieties of fruits. |
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6. |
An architect has several types |
of structural parts and elements and |
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^ them for |
the production |
of buildings, and a chemist has several |
^Р** of polymers which can be used in different combinations for the Production of different materials.
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения выделенных слов:
^ |
Electronic and cybernetic devices form the basis |
for the solution |
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a great many economic and scientific problems. |
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Solutions are heated in a glass apparatus, |
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phjj* ? ' s |
only within the last century or two that the knowledge of |
the |
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parties |
of metals made it possible |
to |
apply |
them for industrial |
pur- |
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j* The |
processes of solidification |
can |
last |
several |
hours. |
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* You are to present the result |
of your |
research |
in a week. |
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6. |
The nature and properties of a |
compound |
depend |
on |
the ПЩЩ. |
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and kind of atoms present |
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7. |
At present most scientists are |
working in groups, |
since |
the da |
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of great individual discoveries are |
in |
the past. |
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15. |
Переведите предложения, обращая |
внимание на различные значении |
глат- |
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to |
look |
и to turn: |
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to look at — смотреть на |
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to look after — ухаживать, присматривать |
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to look up — смотреть, найти (слово в словаре) |
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to |
look for — искать |
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to look through — просматривать |
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to |
turn — поворачивать |
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to tarn on — включать |
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to turn off — выключать |
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1. |
The |
laboratory assistant looked |
at the measuring |
vessel |
and put |
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down |
the |
readings. |
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2. |
You should look up this word in the dictionary. |
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3. |
Look through your notes and |
then start |
the experiment. |
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4. We were looking for a more simple method of solution but could |
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not |
find it |
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5. In modern automatic enterprises men must only look after auto- |
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matic |
units. |
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6. |
It got dark and I turned the light on. |
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7. |
Turn the switch and turn the |
ventilators |
off. |
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*16. |
Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на усилительную |
конструир* |
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(§ ИЗ): |
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1. It was here that a large scale production |
of synthetic |
rubber was |
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first |
organized. |
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2.Facts give a science its substance, but it is the theory which pf°* vides its strength.
3.It is due to the close cooperation of physicists and chemists tb*1 new physical measurements were developed.
4. |
It was Einstein who provided a new conception of time, spa^ |
and gravitation. |
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5. |
It is the hydroengineering complex which will protect St. Pete**" |
burg |
from floods. |
17.Выпишите из текста А и еще раз переведите предложение с усилитесь конструкцией.
112
Пе0ереднте предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения глагола
* "Те (§ 132):
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It is |
to be noted |
that |
automation |
today is an |
important factor |
of |
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hernical industrial production. It is being |
introduced |
on a wide |
scale |
in |
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з11 b r a n c h e s |
of |
industry |
and |
agriculture |
as |
well as |
in |
medicine |
and |
ev- |
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eryday |
Hfe. |
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2. In close |
cooperation with industrial |
workers |
our |
scientists |
and |
en- |
gineers are developing a lot of new types of electronic and cybernetic devices. They are to become the basis for the solution of a great number 0f economic and scientific problems. They will be reliable helpers of en- gineers and scientists.
3. A great need of rubber |
for industry put a problem before scientists |
all over the world. And it was |
Russian science that solved this problem. |
4. Chemical materials and products are of great importance for all branches of the national economy in our country.
5. There are a lot of test tubes of different sizes in any chemical laboratory.
19.Переведите текст. В каждом предложении найдите сказуемое, определите его в.1емя и залог.
Chemistry |
is the science of substances — of their structure, their |
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properties and |
their |
reactions that |
change |
them into |
other substances. |
This is a very |
large |
field of study |
because |
the number |
of different kinds |
of substances is very great, and each kind has its own characteristic qualities. Chemistry occupies a central position among the basic sciences. It is closely connected with physics and biology. It plays an important pan in the development of geology and physiology, and enters every industry as well as medicine and agriculture.
The early chemists studied two types of matter: inorganic and orKanic. But the materials which are provided by nature cannot satisfy
Modern science and technology now |
and |
man is turning more and more |
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to the |
help of chemistry. |
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In |
present-day organic chemistry |
new |
compounds are being synthe- |
s£ed daily. With its plastics, synthetic fibres and other artificial materials ^ganic chemistry is the chemistry of modem times. Inorganic chemistry
Я^Пе a |
different |
thing, |
it was |
studied |
long ago |
and |
is as old |
as the |
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World. |
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Chemical |
science is |
successfully |
solving many |
complex |
prob- |
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es and |
its |
rapid |
development |
will |
be raising |
the |
living standard |
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0f |
People. |
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20.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союзы и союзные вводящие придаточные определительные предложения:
1. |
Chemistry is the science that |
deals with the structure of matw |
and its changes. |
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2. |
The laboratory is the place where experiments as well as scieo. |
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tific research may be carried out. |
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3. |
We must pay more attention to research opportunities for those |
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young |
chemists who have the ability |
to carry out research. |
4.Substances can be divided into two classes: electrolytes whose so. lutions conduct electricity and non-electrolytes whose solutions do not conduct electricity.
5.The liquid takes up the shape of a vessel in which it is contained.
21.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союз или союзное слово that,
вводящее придаточные дополнительные н определительные предложения:
1. |
Theoretical chemistry |
is |
the formulation |
of |
theories that unify |
facts and combine them into |
a |
system. |
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2. |
It should be noted that plastics are widely used in everyday life |
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because of their many useful |
properties. |
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3. |
If we take some water |
that was used in |
the |
first experiment and |
pour it into the flask with the experimental solid, we will find that the water becomes quite white.
22.Прочтите текст В и постарайтесь понять его содержание, пользуясь списком новых слов:
TEXT В. PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS INSENSITIVE ТО LIGHT
dye v — окрашивать |
sensitive a — чувствительный |
expose v — подвергать воздействию |
silver n — серебро |
film n — пленка |
speck л — пятно |
image n — изображение |
store v — хранить |
pick up v — зд. накапливать |
substitute n — заменитель |
resolving power — разрешающая способность |
superior a — превосходный |
At present a lot of silver is being processed to produce light-sensi- tive materials. Much silver goes into electric engineering and electronicsMany experts in the world are looking for substitutes for silver. Not long ago a group of researchers from Byelorussia developed photographic materials sensitive to ultraviolet radiation which contain no silver coro* pounds.
These materials called |
Foban and Fotban have a great resoW^ |
power. Each square micron |
contains more than 600 light-sensitive sped®" |
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good substitutes for photo materials which are usually used in \!!ccsses where high light sensitivity is not important. Foban is much
P^Ljor to silver-containing |
materials. It is produced from a polymer |
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hich is capable to form |
images if they are exposed to ultraviolet radia- |
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Foban materials can be stored for practically unlimited time. Foban |
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"per and film can be produced on the machinery in full light. |
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What is the difference between Foban and Fotban? They are nearly |
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tbe same. The letter "t" |
in |
Fotban |
shows that it has something to |
do |
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vrith textiles, while Foban |
is used in |
films and paper. Fotban can be |
eas- |
ily dyed in many colours, and doesn't |
pick up |
static |
electricity. |
•23. Закончите предложения в соответствии |
с содержанием |
текста: |
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1. Foban and Fotban are produced |
from... |
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a) silver; b) photo materials; c) |
polymer |
materials. |
2.Foban and Fotban...
a)have absolutely different properties;
b)are nearly the same.
3. Foban and Fotban are |
used in processes where... |
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a) |
high |
light |
sensitivity |
is |
not |
important; |
b) |
high |
light |
sensitivity |
is |
very |
important. |
*24. В соответствии с содержанием текста выберите характеристики, относящиеся к:
1) Foban |
a) can be produced in full light; |
2) Fotban |
b) is used in textiles; |
3) Foban and Fotban |
c) is used in films and paper; |
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d) can be stored for unlimited time; |
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e) are good substitutes for photo materials; |
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f) can be easily dyed in any colour; |
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g) have a great resolving power. |
Образуйте антонимы, используя отрицательные префиксы, и переведите их: in-: sensitive, capable
im-: practical, possible U|»-: limited, important
Revision Exercises
i.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод оборота there + be.
There was some, but not much water in the glass.
lis
2. |
There are many kinds of various chemical apparatus. |
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3. |
There is an equal number of molecules of the same |
kind |
jn |
pound |
of water, as in a pound of steam, or in a pound of |
ice. |
1 |
4. |
There will be still more new synthetic materials in future. |
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5. |
There exist more compounds of hydrogen than of any |
other efe. |
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ment. |
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2.Переведите описание опыта, обращая вннманне на перевод ф0рц повелительного наклонения:
Let us measure the capacity of the |
vessel. |
Ivanov, |
determine the |
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value of the measuring-vessel division |
and |
pour |
water into the |
flask up |
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to the neck. Now let Petrov determine |
the capacity of the |
flask |
with the |
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help of the measuring vessel and put down |
the results on |
the blackboard. |
YOU SHOULD KNOW...
...that there exist some rules which you must observe when you are
working in a chemical laboratory. Let me name |
some of them. |
1. Every vessel which you use for the experiment must be absolutely |
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clean. Otherwise it can influence the reaction and |
therefore the results of |
the experiment may not be precise. |
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2.One should be very careful when working with glass things and mixing different liquids.
3.One should use the precise amount of the chemical substance or
water |
which |
is recommended for the experiment. |
4. |
When |
you are making experiments put down everything that you |
watch |
during your work. You must put down the names, the amounts |
and weights of substances which you use, the rise in temperature, the
boiling and melting |
points, the change in colour, etc. You should also |
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put down the |
final |
result of each experiment. |
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In |
other |
words, |
cleanliness, carefulness and watchfulness are the |
three |
main points which must be observed by every student. |
ЗАКОНЧИВ РАБОТУ НАД УРОКОМ 7, ВЫ ДОЛЖНЫ ЗНАТЬ:
1.Чтение окончания -ing и окончания -у в многосложных й двусложных словах.
116
Йлмматический материал:
' V) спря ж е н н е глаголов во временах группы Continuous;
5)союзы и союзные слова, вводящие определительные придаточные предложения;
в) способы перевода усилительных конструкций типа it is (was)...
that |
(who). |
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, Суффиксы глаголов, |
указанные в уроке. |
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i Слова, |
выделенные |
для запоминания, |
с. |
109—110. |
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Вы должны |
знать 208 слов |
и |
выражений. |
LESSON EIGHT
Правила чтения
1. Чтение букв c u t перед i + гласная в безударном положении. 2. Чтение буквы s перед -ure, -ion, -ian.
Грамматика
Времена группы Perfect в действительном и страдательном залоге.
КАК РАБОТАТЬ НАД УРОКОМ
Урок рекомендуется изучать следующим образом:
1.Выполните упражнения на повторение правил чтения.
2.Проработайте грамматический материал: образование н употребление времен группы Perfect в действительном и
страдательном |
залоге (§ 59—63). Обратите внимание на то, |
что глаголы |
во времени Present Perfect переводятсл |
прошедшим временем, в основном глаголами совершенного вида. Выполните упражнения 3, 4, пользуясь таблицами на
с. 119, 120.
3.Прочтите текст А и выполните упражнение 5 на интернациональную лексику.
4.Прочтите текст А вслух два-три раза и переведите его, пользуясь словарем. Выучите слова на с. 122. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту (упражнение 6).
5.Для расширения словарного запаса и лучшего его усвоения выполните упражнения раздела "Word Study".
6.Для закрепления грамматического и лексического материал* выполните все лексико-грамматические упражнения.
7. Прочтите текст В и выполните упражнения 16, 17.
8.Для повторения пройденного материала выполните упражнений раздела "Revision Exercises".
9.Прочтите раздел "Do You Know That...".
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Exercises
Лоочтите слова, обращая внимание на чтение букв с и l перед / + гласная в I* бездарном положении:
лspecial, specialist, speciality, socialism, #arti'ficial, technician,
com'mercial, efficient, efficiency, sufficient, sufficiently, differential, es'sential, essentially, partial, partially, substantial, substantially, ratio, i'nitial, initially, i'nitiative, i^niti'ation
2 Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на чтение буквы s:
ДО — sure, as'sure, en'sure, |
pressure, |
fissure, |
tension, |
ex'pansion, |
e'mission, fission, session, dis'cussion, permission, Russian, Asia |
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—measure, measurement, |
pleasure, |
treasure, |
usual, |
de'cision, |
corrosion, oc'casion, pro'vision, di'vision, precision, ,tele'vision, ex'plosion
GRAMMAR STUDY
Спряжение глаголов во временах группы Perfect
Active |
Passive |
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to have + Participle II |
to have + been + Participle II |
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The Present |
Perfect Tense |
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Форма |
Залог |
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Passive |
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Active |
Утвердительная
^Питательная
•опроснтельная
I (we, you, they) have asked.
Я (уже) спросил.
He (she, it) has asked.
I have not asked.
He has not asked.
H*Ve M a s k e d ?
Has he j
I (we, you, they) have been asked.
Меня (уже) спросили.
He (she, it) has been asked.
I have not been asked. He has not been asked.
H a v e y 0 U l been asked? Has he j
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The Past Perfect |
Tense |
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Форма |
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Залог |
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Active |
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Passive |
утвердительная |
I (he, she, it, |
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I (he, she, it, |
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we, you, ' had asked. |
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we, you, - had been asked. |
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they) |
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they) |
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Я спросил (до того, как ...) |
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Меня спросили (до того, как |
отрицательная |
I had not asked. |
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I had not been asked. |
вопросительная |
Had you asked? |
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Had you been asked? |
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The Future |
Perfect |
Tense |
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Active |
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Passive |
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I (we) will have done my |
This work will have been |
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(our) work by 7 o'clock. |
done by 7 o'clock. |
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Я (мы) сделаю (сделаем) |
Эта работа будет сделана |
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свою (нашу) работу к 7 |
к1 часам, |
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часам. |
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3.Сравните данные пары предложений, обращая внимание на время н залог сказуемого. Предложения переведите (§ 60—63).
1.They have already applied new methods in their research.
2.Our country has developed into a powerful state and has made great progress in all fields of industry, technology and science.
3.By the end of the 19th century scientists had made the first attempts to obtain synthetic materials.
4. The |
workers will have built |
this new house by the begin- |
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ning |
of the new year. |
New methods of obtaining polymers have been applied at our plant.
The flexible line that has been recently developed at our plant has greatly improved the production process.
A great number of experiments at the designing institute had been made before the flood defence system was worked out. Our workshop will have beeD
equipped |
with new |
multiptf* |
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pose |
machine tools by |
the ^ |
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when |
the |
reconstruction of 111 |
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plant |
is over. |
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