комплексная реабилитация

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ȿɋ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ

ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ»

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ

ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ

Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, 2009

Ʌɵɫɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ȿ., Ȼɚɪɫɭɤɨɜɚ ɂ.Ɇ., Ⱦɟɧɢɫɤɢɧɚ ȼ.Ɂ., , Ɇɚɥɨɮɟɟɜ ɇ.ɇ., ɋɬɚɪɨɛɢɧɚ ȿ.Ɇ., Ɍɚɜɚɪɬɤɢɥɚɞɡɟ Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ/ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ʌɵɫɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ȿ. / ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ». Ɇ.: 2009. 370 ɫ.

ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɥɭɯɚ, ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɬɪɚɧ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.

ɇɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɟɺ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ. Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ.

© Ʌɵɫɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ.ȿ. ɢ ɫɨɚɜɬ, 2009

ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ 2007 ɩɨ 2009 ɝɨɞ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ

ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ: Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɟɞɺɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɬɪɺɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ:

Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ I. ɋɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ II. ɋɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ III. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɨɪɰɢɭɦɚ «BMB Mott MacDonald / Care / AStri» ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ.

Ɇɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɦɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɦ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.

Ɉɮɢɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ:

127051, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɭɥ. ɋɚɞɨɜɚɹ-ɋɚɦɨɬɟɱɧɚɹ, ɞ. 12, ɤɨɪɩ. 1, ɨɮɢɫ 72 www.rehabsys.ru e-mail: rehabsys@mottmac.ru

ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɸɡɨɦ

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹɬ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɭɸ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɸ ɢ ɟɺ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɛɟɧɟɮɢɰɢɚɪɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» – Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɚ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɢ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɦ ɤɭɪɚɬɨɪɚɦ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɝ-ɠɟ Ȼɺɪɧɢ ɆȺɄɇȿɅɅɂ (ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ) ɢ ɝ-ɠɟ ɋȺɆȺɊɂɇɈɃ Ɉɥɶɝɟ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɧɟ (Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ Ɇɢɧɡɞɪɚɜɫɨɰɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ) ɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.

Ⱥɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ

1

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ

ȼɫɬɭɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ……………………………………………………………. 3 ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ……………………………………………………………………………. 4

ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ……………………….. 5

ɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ

2.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ…………………………………………. 5

2.2.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ……………………………………….. 17

2.3.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ…………………………………………….. 32

ȽɅȺȼȺ 2. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ

ɫɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ…………………………………………………….. 79

3.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ………………………………………… 79

3.2.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ………………………………………. 97

3.3.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ……………………………………………. 110

ȽɅȺȼȺ 3. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ

ɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ…………………………………………………………… 178

4.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ……………………………………….. 178

4.2.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ……………………………………… 207

4.3.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ…………………………………………… 224

ȽɅȺȼȺ 4. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ

ɫɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɭɯɚ…………………………………………………………….. 296

5.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ……………………………………….. 296

5.2.Ɋɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ……………………………………… 302

5.3.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ…………………………………………… 309

ȽɅȺȼȺ 5. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ………………………………………………………………… 325

Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ……………………………………………………………………….. 346

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ……………………………………………………349

2

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ȼɋɌɍɉɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȿ ɋɅɈȼɈ

ɉɢɬɟɪ ɄɈɊɋȻɂ,

ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ»

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ 2007 ɝɨɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɧɚɲ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɦɵ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɢ: ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɟ ɜ 2008 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ, Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ», ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɦɟɠɫɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ, ɛɵɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɭɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɚɯ, ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ. ɇɚɞɟɟɦɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɚɣɞɭɬ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ. ɇɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ.

3

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ

ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɭɯɚ ɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ (ɞɚɥɟɟ ɢɦɟɧɭɟɬɫɹ – ɦɨɞɟɥɶ) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ», ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ.

ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɦɨɞɟɥɢ» ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɟɺ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɞɨɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ. ɉɪɚɝɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɦ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.

ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ Ʉɨɫɬɪɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɶɸ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɨɩɵɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ.

4

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇȺə ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂə ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ

ɋɇȺɊɍɒȿɇɂȿɆ ɈɉɈɊɇɈ-ȾȼɂȽȺɌȿɅɖɇɕɏ ɎɍɇɄɐɂɃ

1.1.ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ

ɐɟɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɢ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ (0-17 ɥɟɬ) ɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɵ-ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ (18-35 ɥɟɬ) ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.

ɋɬɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ.

Ʉɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ: ɨɧɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɤɟɥɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɦ ɨɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɩɨɪɵ. ɋɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ (ɮɚɫɰɢɢ, ɫɢɧɨɜɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɥɚɝɚɥɢɳɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.

ɇɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɡɝ) ɢ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɫɩɢɧɧɨɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɟ ɧɟɪɜɵ, ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɪɜɵ, ɤɨɪɟɲɤɢ, ɜɟɬɜɢ, ɫɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ) ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ.

ɋɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ), ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɟ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɥɺɝɤɢɟ), ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɦɵɲɰ, ɤɨɫɬɟɣ, ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ «ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ», ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɷɧɟɪɝɨɨɛɟɫɩɱɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭ.

ɇɟɣɪɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ, ɫɤɟɥɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɸɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɨɜ, ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɵɲɰ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɣ, ɬɨɧɭɫɨɦ, ɜɵɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɶɸ. Ʉ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨ-ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɵɲɰ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚɦɢ), ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɥɚ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɥɚ, ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟɦ ɢ ɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɚɦɢ;

5

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɟɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɵɲɰ ɢɥɢ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ), ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ), ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ ɩɨɯɨɞɤɢ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɯɨɞɶɛɨɣ, ɛɟɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɥɚ), ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ (ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɵɲɰɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ).

ȼɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ:

1)ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɵ;

2)ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ;

3)ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ;

4)ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ.

ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɨɡɵ, ɛɵɬɶ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ, ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɥɚɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɛɵɬɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɛɵɬɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

ɇɚɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɬɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɺɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɫɬɧɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ.

ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ.

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ1 ɜ 2007 ɝɨɞɭ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ

ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 11382 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (4,2 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 17 ɥɟɬ) ɢɥɢ 16,2% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ

1Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ 2007 ɝɨɞɭ. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ. / Ɇ.: «ɎȻ Ɇɋɗ», 2008. ɫ. 444, 62 ɬɚɛɥ.

6

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ – 5586 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɵ.

Ȼɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɭ

3645 ɞɟɬɟɣ (1,3 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 17 ɥɟɬ ɢɥɢ 5,2% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ). Ɍɪɚɜɦɵ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ 2529 ɞɟɬɟɣ (0,9 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 17 ɥɟɬ ɢɥɢ 3,6% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ).

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɩɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɣ (ɩɨɪɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ). Ʉ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɦ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɢɯ ɛɟɞɪɚ, ɤɪɢɜɨɲɟɹ, ɤɨɫɨɥɚɩɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɩ, ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɜɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɵɣ ɫɤɨɥɢɨɡ), ɧɟɞɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɵ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚɪɬɪɨɝɪɢɩɨɡ. ɑɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ

ɜɪɨɠɞɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɨɦɚɥɢɹɦɢ ɜ 2007 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ 15835 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (5,9

ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 17 ɥɟɬ) ɢɥɢ 22,6% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ.

ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ, ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɮɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ (ɩɨɥɢɨɦɢɟɥɢɬ, ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɢɬɵ), ɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɺɡ, ɨɧɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɩɭɯɨɥɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɣ). ɇɨ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ.

ɍ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɜ

2007 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ

31700 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (2,8 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 18 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ) ɢɥɢ 2,9% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ.

Ȼɨɥɟɡɧɢ ɤɨɫɬɧɨ-ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɭ

89785 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (7,8 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 18 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɢɥɢ 8,1% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ).

ɉɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ 56034 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (4,9 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ 18 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɢɥɢ 5,1% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɸɞɚ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɟɳɺ 6121 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ 4431 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ (0,4 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ 10000 ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɨɬ 18 ɥɟɬ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟ ɢɥɢ 0,4% ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɪɚɜɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.

7

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɍɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ,

ɤɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɨɜɚɫɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ, ɨɛɥɢɬɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɯ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ (ɝɧɨɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɨɩɵ) ɢ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ «ɞɢɚɛɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɩɵ», ɤɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɬɭɛɟɪɤɭɥɺɡ, ɡɥɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɫɬɨɣɤɨɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɯ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɹɞ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɨɜ: ɚ) ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ «ə» ɢ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ; ɛ) ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ; ɜ) ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɺɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ; ɝ) ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɠɢɜɺɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ.

ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɂɯ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɟɮɟɤɬ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ. Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɭ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɬ: ɨɬ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ (ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ) ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ

ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɫɬɢɠ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ. ɍɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ (ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ) ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɨɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ (ɤɚɪɶɟɪɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɹ, ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ (ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ⱦɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ

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