комплексная реабилитация

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ» - ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ, ɦɟɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ɇɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɦɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɢɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɫɹɡɚɟɦɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ (ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ) ɛɚɪɶɟɪɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɠɢɡɧɢ.

Ɋɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɡɚɣɧ,

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ, ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɬɪɭɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ.

Ɋɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɩɪɧɨ-ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɚɧɞɭɫɵ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɭɚɥɟɬɵ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɨ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ. ɋɸɞɚ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɝɢɛɤɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɝɭɥɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɤɭɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.

Ʉɨɧɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɈɈɇ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ»: ɨɧɨ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɛɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ. Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɺɬɤɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ: ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɧɟɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɛɪɟɦɹ – ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧɢɹ. ɒɤɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɛɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɺɬɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɹɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ «ɜɟɫɨɜ»

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɧɟɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɝɨɞɵ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɞɚɬɟɥɹ.

7.ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ

ɗɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ22 (ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ «ɨɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ», ɚɧɝɥ. «ɨccupational therapy», ɲɜɟɞɫɤ. «arbetsterapi» - «ɬɪɭɞɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ») - ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɞɟ – ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɚɯ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ). ɐɟɥɶ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ - ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ - ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ, ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɛɢɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ.

ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɨɪɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ-ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɤɚɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɚ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ.

ȼɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ, ɩɪɢɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɬɟɡɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ

22 www.raet.spb.ru –ɫɚɣɬ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɨɜ (ɊȺɗɌ). Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ 2001 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɒɜɟɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɨɜ (FSA) ɢ ȼɫɟɦɢɪɧɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɗɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɨɜ (WFOT). ɊȺɗɌ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɚ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ.

Ʉɢɧɟɡɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ (ɤɢɧɟɡɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ) – ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ.

ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɭ ɤɢɧɟɡɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɲɢɪɟ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɱɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɅɎɄ. Ʉɢɧɟɡɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɝɢɦɧɚɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɪɪɢɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɡ - ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɫɫɚɠɚ, ɪɨɛɨɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ (ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɞɶɛɵ), ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɢɥɨɜɵɟ, ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ, ɪɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪ.).

Ɇɢɤɪɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ. ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɨɪɧɨ-

ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɚɦɛɭɥɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɭɡɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɺɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ, ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ.

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ (ɫɚɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɬɪɟɧɚɠɺɪɵ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɞɨɦɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɫɤ, ɧɚɥɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɵ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɚɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɚɬɪɨɧɚɠ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɦɢɤɪɨɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚ (ȺɎɄ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɷɪɝɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɤɢɧɟɡɢɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ, ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.).

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝ. Ⱥɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝ (ɨɬ ɚɧɝɥ. outsourcing –

ɜɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɡɜɧɟ/ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ) – ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɦ ɩɨɞɪɹɞɱɢɤɚɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɢɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ: ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɦ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɢɛɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɬɚɬ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɭɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ, ɫɧɢɠɚɬɶ ɪɢɫɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɢɦɟɹ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ – ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ), ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ (ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ), ɛɢɡɧɟɫɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ).

ɇɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɪɢɰɵ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ, ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ.

72

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɇɚ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɟɪɨɜ (ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ). Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɥɚɧɚ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɭɸ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ, ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ.

ɉɹɬɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɭɬɫɨɪɫɢɧɝɚ «ɩɨɞ ɡɨɧɬɢɤɨɦ» ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ (ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɜ), ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɺɬɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ. ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɵɧɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ȼ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ

– ɷɬɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɵ, ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɚɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ (ɢɥɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ) ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɞɚɺɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɭ, ɤɚɤ ɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɚ – ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

«ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɶ» ɢ «ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ» ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɢɞɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ – ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ɇɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɥɸɞɟɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ.

ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɡɞɨɪɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɧ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ – ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ – ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ – ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.

ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɺ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɧɶɝɚɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɥɚɬɺɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɤ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɭ, ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɩɥɨɱɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɮɟɪɭ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɨɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɟɥɹ (ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ), ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɠɺɫɬɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɦɟɧɚ «ɤɧɭɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɹɧɢɤ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ (ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɢ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɹ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ (ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ), ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ «ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ» ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ), ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɰɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ.

ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɤɟɬɢɧɝɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɢɲɢɧɢɧɝ (commissioning), ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɢɲɢɧɢɧɝɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɫɨɸɡɚ.

Ɋɟɱɶ ɢɞɺɬ ɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ (ɰɢɤɥɢɱɧɨɦ) ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ

75

ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬ, ɨɛɴɺɦ, ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɭɫɥɭɝ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɢ (ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɚɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɢ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɭɫɥɭɝ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɜɢɞɚɦ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɭ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɤɚɡɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ.

Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɱɺɬɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɹɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ.

Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɢɲɢɧɢɧɝɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɚ) ɚɧɚɥɢɡ; ɛ) ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɜ) ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ; ɝ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɺɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɢɲɢɧɢɧɝɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ ɫɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ:

x ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ/ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɫɥɭɝ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ; ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɲɢɧɢɧɝɚ;

xɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ; ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ;

xɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ; ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ;

xɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɢ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ;

xɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɚɤɬɨɜ.

8.Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ

Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ (ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ). ɂɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɟɳɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɚɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ, ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɢɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ.

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɭɠɟ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ (ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ, ɜɪɚɱɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ – ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɨ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ

– ɧɟ «ɪɚɡɥɨɠɢɬɶ» ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɚ, ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɭɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ, ɫɪɨɤɚɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɬɪɺɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ: 1) ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; 2) ɫɪɟɞɵ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.); 3) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ. əɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦ ɭɡɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɛɟɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ «ɫɬɵɤɢ» ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ.

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ. ɂɯ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɜɚɥɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɚɞɺɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ. ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟ

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ɆɈȾȿɅɖ ɄɈɆɉɅȿɄɋɇɈɃ ɊȿȺȻɂɅɂɌȺɐɂɂ ɂɇȼȺɅɂȾɈȼ ȼ ɊɈɋɋɂɃɋɄɈɃ ɎȿȾȿɊȺɐɂɂ

ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɪɟɚɛɢɥɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɩɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ 20-30 ɥɟɬ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ. Ɍɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ. «Ɉɬɰɨɦ» ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɺɧɨɝɨ Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɚ ɏɚɝɟɧɚ. ɋɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ (ɨɬ ɝɪɟɱ. synergeia – ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ) - ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ (ɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɫɟ ɛɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ). ȼ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɤɪɢɡɢɫɵ ɢ ɛɢɮɭɪɤɚɰɢɢ – ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɟɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ɇɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ, ɨɛɳɟɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɫɬɢɥɹ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ. Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ "ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ" ɜ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ (ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢɟɪɚɪɯɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɭɝɭɛɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, — ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɦɦɚɧɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ

ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

ɇɚ I Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.

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